This study highlights the synthesis of innovative polyurethane materials derived from Moringa oleifera oils extracted from two distinct sources. The oils were converted into their respective polyols through the in situ generated performic acid method. Diverse material characteristics were observed due to different agroclimatic and cultivation conditions for the sources. Extraction yields were 45.21% (source 1) and 40.32% (source 2), with acid values of 28.70 and 26.00 mg KOH per g of oil, respectively. Oleic acid constituted 79.87 and 67.11% of the oils composition, respectively. Nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the hydroxylation of the oils. FTIR also identified the isocyanate structures in the synthesized polyurethane materials. Gel permeation chromatography analysis revealed a higher oligomer content in the polyol synthesized from the oil extracted from source 2. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated enhanced thermal stability post-oil conversion, highlighting decomposition stages for rigid and flexible segments. Differential scanning calorimetry indicated higher unsaturation in the oil extracted from source 1, resulting in an elevated crystallization temperature. Tensile testing showed increased elasticity as the [NCO]/[OH] ratio decreased in the material, emphasizing the influence of polyol and crosslinking agent concentrations on mechanical resistance of polyurethane materials. sources method 4521 45 21 45.21 1 4032 40 32 40.32 2, 2 , 2) 2870 28 70 28.7 2600 26 00 26.0 respectively 7987 79 87 79.8 6711 67 11 67.11 composition (FTIR postoil post conversion segments temperature NCO/OH NCOOH NCO / OH [NCO]/[OH 452 4 45.2 403 3 40.3 287 7 28. 260 0 26. 798 8 79. 671 6 67.1 45. 40. 67.

Poly(oxazoline)s (POZs) are a “new” class of biocompatible polymers that show unique and specific properties for modern biomedical and biomaterials design applications. In this work, POZs-coupled hydroxyethyl starch nanocapsules were developed in order to create a powerful protein suppressor vehicle. Herein, POZs of different molecular weights were used to functionalize the well-known hydroxyethyl starch nanocapsules (HES) surface by metal free “click” chemistry, in which HES have also been related to immune suppressor property. For each modification step, the capsules were characterized regarding size, morphology and charge surface, and, as expected, the “click” strategy kept a core-shell structure with an average diameter distribution < 200 nm. Additionally, previous to the post-polymerization modification step, the amount of free amino groups was determined by fluorescence intensity, allowing further “click” coupling of the surface of the capsules with POZs, later confirmed by gel permeation chromatography. Protein corona evaluation and aggregation assays in human plasma showed lower protein attaching for POZ-modified HES nanocapsules, than HES modified with polyethylene glycol (“PEGylated”-HES) and unmodified HES. Indeed, around 35% of “hard” protein corona of POZ-modified HES are clusterins, the apolipoprotein that can reduce the non-specific cellular uptake into macrophages, indicating that POZs have stealth behavior similar to polyethylene glycol (PEG), being a potential alternative to “PEGylated”-based nanocarriers. Polyoxazolines Poly oxazoline s (POZs new “new applications work POZscoupled coupled vehicle Herein wellknown well known (HES click “click chemistry property step size expected coreshell core shell 20 nm Additionally postpolymerization post polymerization intensity chromatography POZmodified POZ PEGylatedHES PEGylated (“PEGylated”-HES Indeed 35 hard “hard clusterins nonspecific non macrophages PEG, PEG , (PEG) PEGylatedbased based nanocarriers 2 3 (PEG

Anacardic acid (AA) is a bioactive phytochemical found in the nutshell of Anacardium occidentale, a tropical plant originally from Brazil. In this work, cross-linked anacardic acid nanocapsules (NC) were obtained by interfacial polymerization carried out using the inverse miniemulsion technique with 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (TDI). For this purpose, a functionalized monomer from AA was synthesized for formation of lipase-cleavable ester linkages by coupling of amino acids. The synthesis was planned so that when these ester linkages get exposed to an enzyme, they are broken down and released AA. Furthermore, the N-termini of the coupled amino compounds were used as sites for the polyaddition with TDI at the droplet interface in the inverse miniemulsion. The permeability of the shell was studied on the fluorescent dye, sulforhodamine 101 (SR101), using fuorescence spectroscopy After redispersion in water, the enzymatic cleavage of NC and the release of the SR101 were both monitored in real time. The released AA was proven to be active in vitro against Bacillus subtilis colonies in the bacterial tests. The results indicate that the use of NC is a promising strategy, which can make feasible the application of AA for therapeutic purposes and as nanocarriers for the delivery of active components. (AA occidentale Brazil work crosslinked cross linked (NC 2,4toluene 24toluene toluene 2,4 2 4 TDI. . (TDI) purpose lipasecleavable lipase cleavable acids enzyme Furthermore Ntermini N termini dye 10 SR101, SR , (SR101) water SR10 time tests strategy components 4toluene 24 2, (TDI 1 (SR101 SR1 (SR10 (SR1 (SR

Micelles have aroused interest due to their ability to assist in the transport of poorly soluble drugs. In this study the mixture of copolymers F127/E45S8 in different proportions (F/ES 30/70, 50/50 and 70/30) was performed to improve the bioavailability of griseofulvin and quercetin. The results of cytotoxicity (MTT assay) revealed that the copolymers F127 and E45S8 had considerable biocompatibility and did not affect the metabolism of human neutrophils. The binary systems were also evaluated by critical micellar concentration (CMC) and thermoresponsive behavior. The CMC values were intermediate to those of the isolated copolymers. The systems maintained the thermoresponsive properties present in F127 making the systems interesting for subcutaneous administration. The systems presented small size, an average range in size from 17 to 38 nm, and the samples prepared with higher hydrophobic proportion presented more uniform sizes. Results suggest stability and the increasing of the nanosystems circulation time. The F/ES 30/70 system has polydispersity smaller than 0.1 and showed an increase of 129 times for quercetin solubility. Thus, it is possible to consider F127/E45S8 micelles as potential nanosystems for poorly soluble drug delivery.

Alkyl polyglycosides (APGs) are new biodegradable surfactants, non-toxic, synthesized from abundant renewable sources, potentially more appropriate than anionic surfactants. A range of glycosides denoted APG-Cy was synthesized by the Köenig-Knorr reaction using C10, C16 and C18 alcohols and derived from the degradation of amylose from English potato. The molecular structures of the glycosides were characterized by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H and 13C NMR) together with Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC). The study by NMR allowed the junctions between hydrophilic head groups and hydrophobic tail-groups to be characterized in detail. Conformation of the glycosidic units is 4C1 type with a b anomeric configuration. The formation of glycosides with five glucose rings linked to the alkyl chain was confirmed by 1H NMR and GPC. Liquid crystals identified by the presence of double melting points were observed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) showing thermotropic properties. The surface tension (γ) and critical micelle concentration (cmc) were determined by du Noüy method, noting that increasing the length of alkyl chain led to the expected reduction in the cmc. The energies of adsorption and micellization processes calculated from isotherms γ versus ln c (g.dm-3) indicate cooperativeness of hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups.