ABSTRACT Introduction: falls are the main manifestation of accidents in the older adult; there are several classification scales for the risk of falling. Objective: to compare the Downton and Tinetti scales in the classification of the risk of falling in the elderly. Methods: an analytical, cross-sectional research was carried out in the 16-6 Clinic of the “Santa Clara” Polyclinic, Villa Clara Province, in 2017. Sixty-one individuals were selected by simple random sampling from the total number of dispensed older adults. The data from the clinical histories were collected in a guide prepared for research purposes. Chi-square and Cramer's V tests of independence were used in the statistical analysis; the Tinetti scale was modified by optimal cut-off point by ROC curve and compared with the Downton scale and with the Mc Nemar test and the Kappa index. Results: the risk of falling increases with age and is higher in women. Previous falls, difficult ambulation, use of medication and sensory deficit are risk factors for falling. There was a significant relationship between age and sex with respect to fall classification in both tests. Previous fall and non-normal ambulation showed a strong correlation. Both tests were significantly equal, with good concordance and Kappa index of 0.704. Conclusions: the Downton and Tinetti scales are similar in the classification of risk of falling, so they can be useful in primary health care.

RESUMEN Introducción: las caídas son la principal manifestación de accidente en el adulto mayor; existen varios clasificadores del riesgo de caer. Objetivo: comparar las escalas de Downton y de Tinetti en la clasificación del riesgo de caída en el adulto mayor. Métodos: se realizó una investigación analítica, transversal en el Consultorio 16-6 del Policlínico “Santa Clara”, de la Provincia Villa Clara, en el año 2017. Se seleccionaron por muestreo aleatorio simple 61 individuos del total adultos mayores dispensarizados. Se recolectaron los datos procedentes de las historias clínicas en una guía elaborada con fines investigativos. En el análisis estadístico se emplearon las pruebas de independencia de Chi cuadrado y la V de Cramer; se modificó la escala de Tinetti mediante punto de corte óptimo por curva ROC y se comparó con la escala de Downton y con la prueba de Mc Nemar y el índice de Kappa. Resultados: el riesgo a caer aumenta con la edad y es mayor en el sexo femenino. Son factores de riesgo a caer la caída previa, la deambulación dificultosa, el uso de medicamentos y el déficit sensorial. Hubo relación significativa de la edad y el sexo respecto a la clasificación a caer en ambas pruebas. La caída previa y la deambulación no normal mostraron una correlación fuerte. Ambas pruebas resultaron ser significativamente iguales, con buena concordancia e índice de Kappa de 0,704. Conclusiones: las escalas de Downton y de Tinetti son similares en la clasificación de riesgo al caer, por lo que pueden ser útiles en la atención primaria de salud.

The African hedgehog is one of the newly imported exotic pets which have been observed with increasing regularity in veterinary clinics in Costa Rica. Despite their popularity, information about their diseases is scarce. Within skin diseases of hedgehogs, mange caused by Capariniaspp. is a common diagnosis in other countries. Two adult African hedgehogs, one male and one female, were brought to a private clinic in Heredia, Costa Rica, with chronic pruritic dermatitis, scabs, nearly complete loss of spines, lethargy, dehydration, and weight loss. During physical exam, deposits of dry seborrhea were taken and processed for diagnosis. Microscopic examination revealed psoroptid mites identified as Caparinia tripilis. This is the first report of the presence of Caparinia tripilis in Costa Rica and, to the authors' knowledge, the rest of Central America. O ouriço africano é um dos animais de estimação exótico, recém-importado que tem sido observado com maior regularidade nas clínicas veterinárias da Costa Rica. Apesar da sua popularidade, informações sobre suas doenças são escassas. Dentre as doenças de pele de ouriços, a sarna causada por Caparinia spp. é um diagnóstico comum nos outros países. Dois adultos ouriços africanos, um macho e uma fêmea, foram levados para uma clínica particular, em Heredia, Costa Rica, com a dermatite pruriginosa crônica, crostas, perda quase completa de espinhos, letargia, desidratação e perda de peso. Ao exame físico, os depósitos de seborreia seca foram retirados e processados para o diagnóstico. O exame microscópico revelou ácaros (psoroptidae) identificados como Caparinia tripilis. Esse é o primeiro relato da presença de Caparinia tripilis na Costa Rica e, para conhecimento dos autores, o resto da América Central.

Theology and history in the Old Testament are intimately blended. Biblical stories bring us into contact with the world of their recipients, and especially with their vital needs, to which a particular author attempts to provide a solution. This article exemplifies this communicative reality in Gn 24. It thus shows that the theology of the Old Testament, and particularly that of the Pentateuch, is historical-salvific, that is, it tells of Israel's self-awareness of its divine election precisely in the historic feat of its establishment and survival as a people, especially during the crucial time of post-exile. Effectively, history is the stage where God revealed Himself to Israel and Israel so perceived it. However, at the same time, post-exilic Israel's historical project transcends itself, because the Lord has a plan of social and human fulfillment that surpasses the narrow calculations of those who forged the destiny of the people in that remote age. Thus, the theology embodied in the books of the Bible continues to be valid today, mainly because it portrays that the Lord continues to act in history.

Teología e historia en el Antiguo Testamento están íntimamente compenetradas, pues los relatos bíblicos nos ponen en contacto con el mundo de sus destinatarios y, en especial, con sus necesidades vitales, a las que un autor concreto intentaba dar respuesta. El artículo ejemplifica esta realidad comunicativa en Gn 24. Así pone de manifiesto que la teología del Antiguo Testamento, y particularmente la del Pentateuco, es histórico-salvífica, esto es, narra la autoconciencia de Israel de su elección divina precisamente en la gesta histórica de su constitución y sobrevivencia como pueblo, especialmente en la hora crucial del postexilio. En efecto, la historia es el escenario donde Dios se ha revelado a Israel e Israel así lo ha percibido. Pero, al mismo tiempo, el proyecto histórico del Israel postexílico se trasciende a sí mismo, pues el Señor tiene un designio de plenitud humana y social que va más allá de los estrechos cálculos de los que fraguaron el destino del pueblo en aquella época remota. Por eso, la teología plasmada en los libros de la Biblia sigue siendo válida en el presente, principalmente porque delata que el Señor continúa actuando en la historia.

The author of thiis article intends to provide insight into the meaning of the divine ñame 'ehyé 'áser 'ehyé (I will be whom will be; Ex 3,14), in order to exemplify in what sense the book of Exodus (and, perhaps, the greater part of the Oíd Testament) affirms certain truths with the intention of absoluteness. For the reader of our own times, I will be whom I will be turns out to be problematic, not only for its enigmatic formation, whose meaning is not fully captured, but also because, culturally, the propositions formulated as absolutes lose in an ever greater degree their valué. The existential interpretation of the ñame of God, which the author proposes, resolves the enigma: I will be whom will be designates the unjustified divine commitment of His presence in favor of His people. The absolute sense of this affirmation coincides with that of other important theological affirmations of the book of Exodus: they do not try to annul the historie sphere of existence, particularly human freedom and its contingeney, but rather to the contrary, they show their valué and contribute to them their foundational origins, meaning and orientation.

Este artículo pretende iluminar el significado del nombre divino 'ehyé 'aser 'ehyé (Seré el que seré; Ex 3, 14), para ejemplarizar en qué sentido el libro del Éxodo (y tal vez el grueso del Antiguo Testamento) afirma algunas verdades con pretensión de absoluto. Para el lector de nuestros tiempos, Seré el que seré resulta problemático, no solo por su formulación enigmática, cuyo sentido no entiende a cabalidad; sino también porque culturalmente pierden valor, cada vez con mayor fuerza, las proposiciones que se postulan como absolutas. La interpretación existencial del nombre de Dios, que se propone, resuelve el enigma: Seré el que seré designa el compromiso divino injustificado de su presencia a favor de su pueblo. El sentido absoluto de esta afirmación coincide con el de otras importantes afirmaciones teológicas del libro del Éxodo: no pretenden anular la esfera histórica de la existencia, particularmente la libertad humana y su contingencia, sino al contrario muestran su valor y le aportan su fundamento de origen, sentido y dirección.