ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Ankle taping (AT) is effective in preventing ankle sprain injuries in most common sports and is employed in rehabilitation and prevention sports. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of AT to restricting excessive frontal plane ankle movements in semi-professional basketball players throughout the training session. DESIGN AND SETTING: A cross-sectional study was performed at the Universidad Europea de Madrid. METHODS: Forty male and female semi-professional basketball players were divided into two groups. The ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM) and interlimb asymmetries in a weight-bearing lunge position were evaluated at four time points: 1) with no tape, 2) before practice, at 30 min of practice, and 3) immediately after practice. RESULTS: In male basketball players, no differences were observed in the right and left ankles between the baseline and 30 min and between baseline and 90 min of assessment. In female athletes, significant differences were reported between baseline and pre-training assessments for the right ankle and also significant differences between baseline and 90 min in both ankles. CONCLUSIONS: Ankle taping effectively decreased the ankle dorsiflexion ROM in male and female basketball players immediately after application. However, ROM restriction was very low after 30 and 90 min, as assessed in a single basketball practice. Therefore, the classic taping method should be revised to develop new prophylactic approaches, such as the implementation of semi-rigid bracing techniques or the addition of active stripes during training or game pauses.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Current research supports the fact that prophylactic ankle taping (AT) is effective in preventing ankle injuries in amateur and elite sports athletes. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the effect of AT on balance, knee valgus during drop jump and single-leg countermovement jump (SL-CMJ) landings, and ankle range of motion (ROM) restriction in healthy participants. DESIGN AND SETTING: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. METHODS: Participants: Thirty-nine healthy individuals participated in this study and performed the movements under two conditions (with and without tape). Outcome measurements: ankle ROM, balance, SL-CMJ height, flight time, ground time, and knee valgus. Before any intervention, a random process was developed with a 1:1 allocation ratio, and the participants were assigned to groups A (tape-no tape) and B (no tape-tape). RESULTS: Significant differences between tape and no-tape moments were observed for drop jump knee valgus flexion (P = 0.007), with an increase in knee valgus in participants with ankle taping. Similarly, the Y-balance testshowed a significant decrease in all variables (P = 0.001 and), ankle dorsiflexion (P = 0.001) in participants with ankle taping. CONCLUSIONS: AT is effective for immediate ankle ROM restriction. However, an increase in knee valgus during drop jump task and a decrease in lower limb balance were observed during drop jump task. Based on these results, it can be concluded that AT application in healthy individuals should not be recommended as it results in increase in injury risk factors.

Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are the main vector of human arbovirosis in tropical and subtropical areas.  Its adaptation to urban and rural environments generates infestations inside households. Therefore, entomological surveillance in association with spatio-temporal analysis is an innovative approach to vector control and dengue management. The main aim was to inspect immature pupal stages in households belonging to municipalities at high risk of dengue in Cauca, Colombia by implementing entomological indices and relating how they influence adult mosquito density. Here, we provide novel data for the geographical distribution of 3,806 immature pupal stages of Ae. aegypti. We also report entomological indices and spatial characterization. The results suggest that for Ae. aegypti species, pupal productivity generates high densities of adults in neighbouring households, evidencing seasonal behaviour. This dataset is of great importance as it provides an innovative strategy for vector-borne disease mitigation using vector spatial patterns and their association with entomological indicators and breeding sites in high-risk neighbourhoods.

Los mosquitos Aedes aegypti son el principal vector de las arbovirosis humanas en zonas tropicales y subtropicales. Su adaptación a entornos urbanos y rurales genera infestaciones en el intradomicilio de las viviendas. De aquí que, la vigilancia entomológica en asociación con el análisis espacial y el análisis espacio-temporal sean un enfoque innovador para el control de vectores y la gestión del dengue.El objetivo principal de la investigación fue realizar una comparación de la vigilancia entomológica, mediante el uso de índices cuantitativos de pupas y de adultos en tres municipios de alto riesgo de dengue Patía (El Bordo), Miranda y Piamonte del departamento del Cauca, con el fin de examinar cómo influye la productividad de pupas, entre índices entomológicos, en la densidad de mosquitos adultos y otros patrones espaciales y temporales. Ae. aegypti , sus índices entomológicos y su caracterización espacial. Los resultados sugieren que, para las especies de Ae. aegypti , la productividad de pupas genera altas densidades de adultos en las viviendas vecinas, evidenciando un comportamiento estacional.Estos resultados son de gran importancia ya que proporciona una estrategia innovadora para la mitigación de enfermedades transmitidas por vectores utilizando patrones espaciales de los vectores y su asociación con indicadores entomológicos y lugares de cría en barrios de alto riesgo para la transmisión del dengue.

Resumen Se ofrece una valoración económica de la pérdida de servicios ecosistémicos asociada a la operación de un proyecto minero a tajo abierto en la Reserva de la Biósfera Sierra La Laguna, que dejaría un inmenso beneficio económico concentrado en pocos agentes fuera del país, a cambio de costos ambientales sustanciales en México durante varias generaciones, evidencia de que en las estimaciones de la minería es indispensable considerar los costos ambientales. La valoración de servicios ecosistémicos debe soportar la toma de decisiones, que es muy importante para instalar políticamente el debate de los pasivos ambientales que genera la actividad.

Abstract We present an economic assessment of the loss of ecosystem services associated with the operation of an open pit mining project in the “Sierra La Laguna” Biosphere Reserve. The mining project would offer immense economic benefit concentrated in a few agents outside the country, whilst generating substantial environmental costs in Mexico for several generations. This shows that in mining valuations, it is essential to consider environmental costs. The valuation of ecosystem services must support decisionmaking which is crucial to politically install the debate on the environmental liabilities generated by the activity.

Introduction: A Body Shape Index (ABSI) is a new obesity index based on body volume; this has been associated with chronic non-communicable diseases and mortality, independent of the values of the body mass index (BMI); however, its association with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the Chilean adult population is unknown. Objective: To determine the association between ABSI, glycemia, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAc1), and self-reported T2DM in the Chilean adult population. Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 4,874 participants were included (mean age 43.3 years, 50.9% women) from the 2016-2017 National Health Survey. ABSI was calculated according to the proposed formula (based on waist circumference, BMI, and height). The Poisson regression was used to investigate the association between ABSI and T2DM, and linear regression was used to investigate the association between ABSI, glycemia, and HbAc1. Sociodemographic factors, lifestyle, and BMI adjusted the analyses. Results: ABSI was positively associated with glycemia (p < 0.001), HbA1c (p < 0.001), and DMT2 (p < 0.001). In the most adjusted model, for every 0.025 unit increase in ABSI, glycemia increased by 1.78 mg/dL (95% CI: 1.21, 2.35) and HbAc1 by 0.92% (95% CI: 0.49, 1.35). Regarding T2DM, the prevalence ratio was 1.14 (95% CI: 1.09, 1.20), independent of sociodemographic factors, lifestyles, and BMI. Conclusions: ABSI was linearly associated with a higher probability of suffering from T2DM and higher levels of glycemia and HbA1c in Chilean adults. In this context, ABSI could be a complementary index, independent of BMI, to assess the risk of metabolic disorders associated with obesity.

RESUMEN Introducción: El nuevo índice de obesidad basado en el volumen corporal (ABSI) ha sido asociado con enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles y mortalidad, independientemente de los valores del índice de masa corporal (IMC); sin embargo, se desconoce su asociación con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DMT2) en población chilena. Objetivo: determinar la asociación entre ABSI con glicemia, hemoglobina glicosilada (HbAc1) y DMT2 en población adulta chilena. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio transversal, incluyó a 4.874 participantes (edad media 43,3 años, 50,9% mujeres) de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2016-2017. ABSI fue calculado según la fórmula propuesta (basado en circunferencia de cintura, IMC y estatura. La Regresión de Poisson fue utilizada para investigar la asociación entre ABSI con DMT2 y regresión lineal para glicemia y HbAc1. Los análisis se ajustaron según factores sociodemográficos, de estilos de vida e IMC. Resultados: ABSI fue positivamente asociado con glicemia (p < 0,001), HbA1c (p < 0,001) y DMT2 (p < 0,001). En el modelo más ajustado, por cada 0.025 unidad de aumento de ABSI, la glicemia aumentó en 1,78 mg/dL (95% IC: 1,21; 2,35) y la HbAc1en un 0,92% (95% IC: 0,49; 1,35). En cuanto a DMT2, la razón de prevalencia fue de 1,14 (95% IC: 1,09; 1,20), independiente de factores sociodemográficos, estilos de vida e IMC. Conclusiones: ABSI se asoció de forma lineal con una mayor probabilidad de padecer DMT2, mayores niveles de glicemia y HbA1c en adultos chilenos. En este contexto, ABSI podría ser un índice complementario, independiente del IMC, para evaluar el riesgo de alteraciones metabólicas asociadas a obesidad.

RESUMEN Introducción: La etapa universitaria es un período de modificación en los estilos de vida. Los estudiantes de carreras de pedagogía y de la salud, adicionalmente, asumirán un rol de guías y modelos respecto a conductas saludables hacia sus estudiantes y pacientes respectivamente. Objetivo: Evaluar la relación entre las características antropométricas, la autopercepción del índice de masa corporal (IMC), la condición física y los hábitos alimentarios en estudiantes universitarios de carreras de pedagogía y de la salud. Materiales y método: Estudio descriptivo y correlacional. La muestra fue conformada por 158 estudiantes universitarios (edad, 22,5±2,5 años). Se evaluó las características antropométricas, autopercepción del IMC, condición física y hábitos alimentarios. Resultados: El IMC se correlacionó positivamente con el IMC percibido (r= 0.46, p= 0.012). El perímetro de cintura se correlacionó positivamente con el IMC percibido y la fuerza de prensión manual. El porcentaje de grasa corporal se correlacionó positivamente con el IMC percibido y negativamente con la condición física (potencia, prensión manual y flexibilidad). El área muscular del brazo se correlacionó con el IMC percibido, puntaje de IMC percibido y condición física. Los hábitos alimentarios presentaron una correlación negativa con el IMC percibido, pero no así con las características antropométricas. Conclusión: Los estudiantes universitarios de las carreras de salud y educación con mejor características antropométricas (menor IMC, perímetro de cintura y porcentaje de grasa y mayor área muscular del brazo), presentan una autopercepción mayor del IMC y un mejor rendimiento en las pruebas de condición física.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The university stage is a period of modification in lifestyles. Pedagogy and health career students, additionally, will assume the role of guides and models regarding healthy behaviours towards their students and patients, respectively. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between anthropometric characteristics, self-perception of body mass index (BMI), physical condition and eating habits among pedagogy and health career university students. Materials and method: Descriptive and correlational study. The sample consisted of 158 university students (age 22.5 ± 2.5 years). Anthropometric characteristics, self-perception of BMI, physical condition and eating habits were evaluated. Results: BMI was positively correlated with perceived BMI (r= 0.46, p= 0.012). Waist circumference was positively correlated with perceived BMI and handgrip strength. The percentage of body fat was positively correlated with the perceived BMI and negatively with the physical condition (power, handgrip and flexibility). Arm muscle area was correlated with perceived BMI, perceived BMI score, and physical condition. Eating habits were negatively correlated with perceived BMI but not with anthropometric characteristics. Conclusion: University students from health and education careers with better anthropometric characteristics (lower BMI, waist circumference and fat percentage, and greater muscle area of the arm), have a higher self-perception of BMI and better performance in fitness tests physical.

Resumen Antecedentes: la fragilidad se caracteriza por la pérdida de reservas biológicas y la vulnerabilidad a resultados adversos. Una intervención con efectos beneficiosos sobre la prevención y el manejo de la fragilidad es la práctica regular de actividad física (AF). Objetivo: caracterizar los niveles de AF y tiempo sedente en personas mayores con fragilidad. Metodología: se incluyó a 232 personas mayores de 60 años de la región metropolitana, participantes en la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2016-2017. La fragilidad se evaluó en base a los criterios de la escala de fenotipos de Fried y el nivel de AF y tiempo sedentario con el cuestionario Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ v2). Los niveles de AF según el fenotipo de fragilidad se determinaron con análisis de regresión lineal. Resultados y conclusiones: las personas mayores con fragilidad realizan menos AF total (β = -292,6 min/día [IC 95 %: 399,5; -185,7], p = 0,001), laboral (β = -5821,8 min/día [IC 95 %: 8680,8; -2962,8], p = 0,001), de transporte (β = -68,0 min/día [IC 95 %: -105,4; -30,62], p = 0,001). También se observó menor cantidad de AF moderada (β = -137,7 min/día [IC 95 %: -202,0; -73,5], p = 0,001); vigorosa (β = -43,4 min/día [IC 95 %: -81,6; -5,20], p = 0,026) y mayor tiempo sedente (β = 3,55 hora/día [IC 95 %: -1,97; 5,14 ], p = 0,001). Las personas mayores frágiles presentan niveles más bajos de AF en comparación con sus pares sin fragilidad. Considerando que la población chilena experimentará un aumento en el número de personas mayores, es imprescindible implementar medidas preventivas que permitan retrasar la aparición de la fragilidad, como fomentar la práctica de AF en todos sus niveles.

Abstract Background: fragility is characterized by loss of biological reserves and vulnerability to adverse outcomes. An intervention with beneficial effects on the prevention and management of frailty is the regular practice of physical activity (PA). Objective: to determine the association between levels of PA, sedentary time and frailty in older Chileans by sex. Methodology: 232 people over 60 years of age from the metropolitan region participating in the National Health Survey 2016-2017 were included. Frailty was assessed based on the Fried Phenotype Scale criteria and PA level and sedentary time with the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ v2). The association between levels of PA with the different states of frailty was investigated with linear regression analysis. Results and conclusion: elderly people with frailty have less total PA (β = -292.6 min/day [95 % CI: 399.5; -185.7], p = 0.001), occupational PA (β = -5821.8 min/day [95 % CI: 8680.8, -2962.8], p = 0.001), transportation (β = -68.0 min/day [95 % CI: -105.4, -30.62], p = 0.001). A lower amount of moderate AF was also found (β = -137.7 min/day [95 % CI: -202.0, -73.5], p = 0.001); vigorous (β = -43.4 min/day [95 % CI: -81.6; -5.20], p = 0.026) and longer time seated (β = 3.55 hours/day [95 % CI: - 1.97, 5.14], p = 0.001). Frail older people have lower PA levels compared to their peers without frailty. Considering that the Chilean population will experience an increase in the number of older people, it is essential to implement preventive measures to delay the onset of frailty, such as promoting the practice of PA at all levels

RESUMEN Se estudian corrientes de gravedad producidas en el laboratorio mediante una con figuración de compuerta tipo lock-release mientras se desplazan pendiente abajo en una topografía variable. Se pretende emular y estudiar la dinámica de flujos similares a los vientos térmicamente desarrollados en las laderas de las montañas, que se propagan interaccionando con la superficie topográficamente compleja. Los procesos de mezcla entre las corrientes de gravedad y sus alrededores son estudiados mediante Velocimetría por Imágenes de Partículas (PIV, por sus siglas en inglés) y se cuantifican las intrusiones turbulentas conocidas como entrainment. Se muestra que la magnitud del coeficiente de entrainment incrementa conforme aumenta también la rugosidad de la superficie de la pendiente. Además, las visualizaciones mediante la técnica shadowgraph cualitativamente reproducen este comportamiento. Por último, se utilizan los campos de velocidad para estimar campos de presión y con ellos series de tiempo de presión en estaciones sintéticas a lo largo de la pendiente. Se muestra que la llegada de la corriente de gravedad a las estaciones en la pendiente puede ser detectada en las series de presión. Este último resultado puede ser útil para detectar corrientes de gravedad atmosféricas utilizando solamente mediciones de presión en superficie.

ABSTRACT Experimental lock-release gravity currents are investigated as they propagate downslope over varying synthetic topography. We emulate and investigate the dynamics of thermally driven winds that propagate downslope while interacting with the roughness of a complex topographic surface. The mixing processes between the gravity currents and their surroundings are studied with Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), and entrainment is quantified. The magnitude of the entrainment coefficient is shown to increase as the roughness of the slope increases. Shadowgraph visualizations qualitatively reproduce this behavior. Finally, pressure fields are estimated from velocity fields, and pressure time series are obtained over synthetic stations along the topographic surface. The arrival of gravity currents is shown to be detected in the pressure time series. This last result may help detect atmospheric gravity currents using only surface pressure measurements.

Resumen: El cumplimento de las Guías Alimentarias Basadas en Alimentos (GABA) vigentes en Chile, asegura una alimentación suficiente y equilibrada. Objetivo: Determinar el cumplimiento de 5 recomenda ciones de las GABA y su asociación con variables antropométricas, de estilo de vida y metabólicas, en adolescentes que participaron en la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2016-2017. Sujetos y Método: Estu dio transversal que incluyó 355 adolescentes entre 15 a 19 años. Los participantes se dividieron en 4 grupos (cumple ninguna, 1, 2 o ≥ 3 recomendaciones) utilizando 5 mensajes de las GABA (consumo de leguminosas, pescado, lácteos, frutas y verduras y agua). Las asociaciones entre GABA y las varia bles de salida: peso corporal, índice de masa corporal, perímetro de cintura, actividad física, horas de sueño, variables metabólicas, fueron investigados utilizando análisis de regresión lineal ajustado por variables sociodemográficas. Resultados: El 5,6% de adolescentes cumplían con tres o más reco mendaciones GABA. De las recomendaciones medidas, presentaron un mayor cumplimiento el con sumo de agua (85%) y legumbres (78,7%), reconociendo diferencias entre mujeres y hombres para el consumo de legumbres (58,6% vs. 86,4%), agua (69,6% vs. 91%) y lácteos (92,9% vs. 39,1%). Los adolescentes con mayor cumplimiento de las GABA, presentaban una menor glicemia (p = 0,025). No se identificaron otras asociaciones significativas en estilos de vida y mediciones antropométricas. Conclusiones: Los adolescentes participantes en este estudio presentaron dificultades en la adhesión a recomendaciones de las GABA.

Abstract: In Chile, compliance with the Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (GABA) ensures an adequate and balanced diet. Objective: To determine compliance with five GABA recommendations and their associations with anthropometric, lifestyle, and metabolic variables, in adolescents aged between 15 and 19 years who participated in the Chilean National Health Survey 2016-2017. Subjects and Method: Cross-sectional study including 355 adolescents. Participants were divided into four groups (fulfilled 0, 1, 2, or ≥ 3 recommendations) using five messages from the GABA (consumption of legumes, fish, dairy products, water, and fruits and vegetables). Associations between GABA and outcome variables (weight, body mass index, waist circumference, physical activity, sleep, and metabolic variables) were investigated using linear regression analyses adjusted by sociodemographic confounders. Results: 5.6% of the adolescents met three or more GABA recommendations. Of the recommendations measured, the consumption of water (85%) and legumes (78.7%) presented greater compliance, showing differences between women and men regarding the consumption of legumes (58.6% vs. 86.4%), water (69.6% vs. 91%), and dairy products (92.9% vs. 39.1%). Adolescents with higher compliance with GABA had a better concentration of lower glycemia (p = 0.025). There were no other significant associations between lifestyle and anthropometric measurements. Conclusions: Adolescents who participated in this study presented difficulties in adhering to GABA recommendations, thus compromising the maintenance of healthy lifestyles.

Background: A low education level has been associated with cognitive impairment in older adults. Aim: To determine the association between educational attainment and suspicion of cognitive imparirment in older Chilean population. Material and Methods: Data from 2,005 adults aged ≥ 60 years assessed during 2016-2017 Chilean National Health Survey were included. Education was self-reported and categorized as primary: ≤ 8 years; secondary: 9 to 12 years and beyond secondary: > 12 years. suspicion of cognitive imparirment was assessed with the Mini-Mental questionnaire. Results: Men and women with low education attainment had a higher prevalence of cognitive impairment (33% [95% confidence intervals (CI): 24; 41] and 27% [95% CI: 21; 33], respectively). Men who reported less schooling (≤ 8 years) were more likely to be at risk of suspicion of cognitive imparirment (Odds ratio (OR): 4.53 [95% CI: 1.10, 18.62]) compared to their peers. Women showed a substantially higher magnitude of association than men. The probability of suspicion of cognitive imparirment increased 9-times (OR: 9.96 [95% CI: 1.24; 79.6]) for 9-12 years and 18-times for ≤ 8 years of education (OR: 18.8 [95% CI: 2.42; 146.1]) compared to women with higher education. Conclusions: Older adults with low education attainment had an increased likelihood of developing suspicion of cognitive imparirment. However, the risk differs by sex, being higher in women than men.

Abstract Introduction: Crassocephalum crepidioides (Asteraceae) is an herbaceous species with outstanding ethnobotanical uses in Africa and elsewhere, that has extended invasively in several tropical and subtropical regions around the world. Objective: To identify the chemical composition of the essential oils of C. crepidioides, to observe and measure phenological parameters (growth and development), and to record signs of the interaction of plants with other biotic agents throughout the life cycle in the Central Valley of Costa Rica. Methods: The essential oils were obtained via hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus. The chemical composition of the oils was done by capillary gas chromatography (GC/FID and GC/MS). The biological field study was a descriptive account of phenological patterns observed during a year in 45 plants from three places, including vegetative and reproductive phases. Results: The essential oils consisted mainly of terpenoids (91,0 to 98,6%). A total of 231 different compounds were identified in the analyzed samples, corresponding to 94,9- 99,3% of the total amount of the oils. The major compounds from the leaf oil were myrcene (67,5%) and β- phellandrene (11,6%), while the stem oil mainly contained myrcene (42,2%) and α-copaene (16,5%). The major constituents of flower oil were myrcene (71,8%) and β- phellandrene (17,2%). In the root oil, (E)-β-farnesene (29,5-46,0%), (Z)-β-farnesene (13,0-15,7%) and (E)-caryophyllene (6,0-6,1%) predominated. The mean height of plants was considerably superior in open and sunny places compared to values in partially shaded habitats. In one of the places, 36% of plants died before completing the life cycle for the most part, due to herbivory that was present in more than 80% of all plants and damaged 100% of their shoot organs (stems, leaves, lateral buds, flower buds, and flowers). November and December were the months with maximal flower anthesis and fruit ripening. Conclusions: This species is recognized as annual, but 2/3 of plants completed their life cycle in 4 to 6 months, and due to herbivory and other environmental factors its propagation shows a considerable reduction.

Resumen Introducción: Crassocephalum crepidioides (Asteraceae) es una especie herbácea con notables usos etnobotánicos en África y otras áreas, que se extendió como invasora en varias regiones tropicales y subtropicales del mundo. Objetivo: Determinar la composición química de los aceites esenciales de C. crepidioides (planta entera, hojas, tallos, flores y raíces), observar y medir parámetros fenológicos (crecimiento y desarrollo) y registrar indicios de interacción de las plantas con otros agentes bióticos a lo largo del ciclo de vida en el Valle Central de Costa Rica. Métodos: La extracción de los aceites se realizó mediante el procedimiento de hidrodestilación, usando un equipo Clevenger modificado. La composición química de los aceites se obtuvo mediante técnicas cromatográficas (GC/FID y GC/MS), el cálculo de los índices de retención en dos columnas de polaridad diferente y mediante los espectros de masa de cada constituyente. El estudio biológico de campo fue un registro descriptivo de patrones fenológicos observados durante un año en 45 plantas de tres sitios, abarcando las fases vegetativa y reproductiva. Resultados: Los aceites esenciales están constituidos principalmente por terpenoides (91,0- 98,6%). Se identificaron en total 231 compuestos diferentes en todas las muestras analizadas, correspondientes a un 94,9-99,3% de los constituyentes totales. Los compuestos mayoritarios de los aceites de las hojas fueron mirceno (67,5%) y β-felandreno (11,6%), mientras que los aceites de los tallos registraron principalmente mirceno (42,2%) y α-copaeno (16,5%). Los constituyentes mayoritarios del aceite de las flores fueron mirceno (71,8%) y β-felandreno (17,2%). En los aceites de las raíces predominaron (E)-β-farneseno (46,0-29,5%), (Z)- β-farneseno (13,0-15,7%) y (E)-cariofileno (6,0-6,1%). La altura promedio de las plantas fue considerablemente mayor en sitios abiertos y soleados que en sitios parcialmente umbrosos. En sitios abiertos las hojas superiores desarrollaron lóbulos laterales profundos, que fueron nulos o raros en sitios sombreados. En uno de los sitios 36% de plantas murió antes de completar el ciclo de vida, principalmente por herbivoría, que afectó más de 80% de todas las plantas y dañó 100% de órganos del vástago. Noviembre y diciembre fueron los meses con máxima antesis floral y maduración de frutos. Conclusiones: Esta especie se reconoce como anual, pero 2/3 de las plantas observadas completaron su ciclo de vida en 4 a 6 meses y, debido a herbivoría y otros factores ambientales, su propagación se ha reducido notablemente.

Background: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is inversely associated with metabolic diseases and adiposity markers. Aim: To assess the association of CRF with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and obesity in a representative sample of the Chilean population. Material and Methods: Data from 5,958 participants in the Chilean National Health Survey 2016-1027 aged 15 years or above were analyzed. CRF was estimated by an equation that included sociodemographic, anthropometric and health-related data and expressed in metabolic equivalent units (METs). The association between CRF and adiposity was assessed using linear and Poisson regression models and the results were presented as Prevalence Ratio (PR). Results: One MET increment in CRF was associated with a 3.27 kg/m2 (95% confidence intervals (CI): -3.35; -3.2) and 4.56 kg/m2 (95% CI: -4.67; -4.46) lower BMI in men and women, respectively. Waist circumference was 6.7 cm [95% CI: -6.98; -6.42] and 9 cm [95% CI: -9.33; -8.67] lower per 1-MET increment in CRF. With one MET increment, the probability of being obese was 34% (PR = 0.66 [95%CI: 0.63; 0.69]) and 36% (PR = 0.64 [95%CI: 0.61; 0.67]) lower in men and women, respectively. The probability of having a central obesity was 26% (PR = 0.74 [95%CI: 0.71; 0.77]) and 30% (PR = 0.70 [95%CI: 0.68; 0.73]) lower in men and women, respectively. Conclusions: A higher estimated CRF was associated with lower adiposity levels and a lower risk of being obese in both men and women. Public health policies aiming to increase physical activity are needed to increase the CRF of the Chilean population.

Muscle strength can be measured through different methods and handgrip strength is one of the most used techniques in epidemiological studies. Given its easy application, high reliability, and low cost, it is considered an important health biomarker. Handgrip strength is associated with adverse health outcomes such as mortality and risk of developing chronic diseases, cardiovascular, respiratory, cancer and dementia. There is a paucity of evidence in Chile about the association of handgrip strength with these health outcomes limiting its visibility and implementation in clinical settings. Therefore, this narrative review summarizes the scientific evidence about the association of grip strength with non-communicable chronic diseases and mortality in middle age and older adults.

Abstract Purpose: A proposal framework based on two recognized constructs over food innovations technology (FINT) and food technology neophobia scale (FTNS) involving consumers' nutrition needs and the businesses' opportunities. Methodology: Revision of literature about FINT-FTNS, post-COVID nutrition needs, and businesses with a questionnaire applied to 401 regular consumers (Oct-Dic-2021). Results: FINT-FTNS, suggests developing businesses based on the inclusion of indicators such as information media, the intention to purchase, the type of food technology with benefits to be consumed, and regulation policies to protect the consumer. Limitations: The snowball self-report sampling method may be a source of biased survey results because the survey is only in the Mexican environment, and it could be considered a limitation in the research scope. The food industry's innovation models indicate that more research is necessary to adapt external knowledge with socio-economic and institutional change. Conclusions: For the final framework's sides (FINT and FTNS), we have determined several suggestions based on nutritional, eating patterns, innovation, technology, and marketing concepts to improve the framework for business applications to foster a healthy food intake against chronic diseases for the next normal, to complement this research.

Resumen Objetivo: Un modelo como propuesta basado en dos constructos reconocidos sobre la innovación tecnológica de alimentos (FINT) y la escala de neofobia de tecnología alimentaria (FTNS) que involucra las necesidades nutricionales de los consumidores y las oportunidades de las empresas. Metodología: Revisión de literatura sobre FINT-FTNS, las necesidades nutricionales posteriores a COVID y la generación de negocios con un cuestionario aplicado a 401 consumidores habituales (Jul-Sep de 2021). Resultados: El modelo FINT-FTNS, sugiere desarrollar negocios a partir de la inclusión de indicadores como medios de información, intención de compra, tipo de tecnología alimentaria con beneficios a consumir y políticas de regulación para proteger al consumidor. La originalidad de la investigación se basa en un modelo integral FINT-FTNS final para desarrollar negocios. Limitaciones: El método de muestreo de autoreporte “bola de nieve”puede ser una fuente sesgada de resultados porque la encuesta sólo se levantó en el entorno mexicano. Los modelos de innovación de la industria alimentaria indican que se necesita más investigación para adaptar el conocimiento externo al cambio socioeconómico e institucional. Conclusiones: Para ambos lados del modelo final (FINT y FTNS), se determinaron varias sugerencias basadas en conceptos nutricionales, de innovación, tecnología y mercadotecnia para mejorar el modelo en aplicaciones de negocios fomentando una ingesta de alimentos saludables contra enfermedades crónicas para la próxima normalidad.

Resumen Introducción. La deficiencia de fósforo (P) es una de las mayores limitantes para la producción de frijol (Phaseolusvulgaris L.), en especial en las regiones tropicales. La identificación y el uso de cultivares tolerantes es esencial para reducir los costos de producción y la dependencia de los fertilizantes para suplir las necesidades de P. Objetivo. Describir el proceso de desarrollo y características agronómicas de la variedad UCR 55. Materiales y métodos. Esta variedad provino del cruzamiento NAB 44 // ROS 24 / G 13689, realizado en el Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical en Colombia. Fue evaluada de 1993 al 2000, por la Universidad de Costa Rica y el Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería. El desempeño agronómico y características de UCR 55 se determinaron con base en la evaluación de 6 viveros, 21 ensayos, 7 parcelas de validación y 5 parcelas comerciales, llevados a cabo en 15 localidades de Costa Rica. Resultados. UCR 55 es una variedad de grano negro opaco, con un peso promedio de 19,4 g en 100 semillas. En condiciones experimentales en suelos andisoles, obtuvo un rendimiento mayor a 1200 kg.ha-1 sin la adición de P. El rendimiento de UCR 55 en la etapa de validación fue de una media de 1336 comparado a 1000 kg.ha-1 del testigo comercial Guaymí. Además, UCR 55 rindió hasta 2345 kg.ha-1 en suelos volcánicos (Fraijanes) durante esta fase. UCR 55 posee una arquitectura erecta (tipo II), resistencia (valor ≤3) aColletotrichumlindemuthianum y resistencia intermedia (valor ≤6) a Pseudocercosporagriseola y a Thanatephoruscucumeris. Conclusiones. La adaptación de UCR 55 con suelos pobres en P (<10 ppm) y su resistencia a C. lindemuthianum, la hacen una variedad adecuada para la siembra de frijol en zonas con una altitud superior a 1000 msnm en Costa Rica.

Abstract Introduction. Phosphorus (P) deficiency is considered one of the majo rconstraints for common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production, in particular across the tropics. Identification and use of tolerant cultivars are essential for reducing production costs and farmers' dependence on fertilizers toover come phosphorus deficiencies. Objective.To describe the process of development and the agronomic characteristics of cultivar UCR 55. Materials and methods. This cultivar was developed from the NAB 44 // ROS 24 / G 13689 crossmade at Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical in Colombia. It was evaluated from 1993 to 2000, bythe Universidad de Costa Rica and the Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería. Thea gronomic performance and thetraitsof UCR 55 were determined through 6 nurseries, 21 trials, 7 validation plots and 5 commercial plots, carried out at 15 locations in Costa Rica. Results. UCR 55 is a dullblack-seeded cultivar, with a mean 100-seed weightof 19.4 g. Under experimental conditions in andisolsoil, ityielded more than 1200 kg.ha-1withoutphosphorusaddition. The yield of UCR 55 in the validation phase was 1336 comparedto 1000 kg.ha-1forthecommercialcheckGuaymí. In addition, this cultivar yielded up to 2345 kg.ha-1 in volcanic soils during validation. UCR 55 has anerectarchitecture (type II), resistance (value ≤3) to Colletotrichumlindemuthianum and intermédiate resistance (value ≤6) to Pseudocercosporagriseola and Thanatephoruscucumeris. Conclusions. The adaptation to low P soils (<10 ppm) and its resistance to C. lindemuthianum, UCR 55 is a cultivar suitable for common bea nproduction in areas over 1000 masl in Costa Rica.