Abstract Objective To compare the cardiovascular risk and physical fitness, according to type of school in a national sample of Chilean school students. Methods A total of 7,218 students participated, who completed all the national tests of the National System for Measuring the Quality of Education, which included physical fitness and anthropometric tests. The results were compared according to the type of educational establishment and anthropometric indicators were considered. Physical fitness was measured by lower extremity strength, abdominal strength, upper extremity strength, trunk flexibility, exertional heart rate, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Body mass index, heart rate, and waist-to-height ratio were analyzed as predictors of cardiovascular risk. Results There were differences according to the type of establishment in the predictors of cardiovascular risk (p < 0.05). Differences were also found in the physical fitness tests evaluated (p < 0.01). Students in private schools (PSC) and subsidized schools (SC) had lower levels of cardiovascular risk and higher levels of physical fitness than public schools (PS) and schools with delegated administration (DA). Conclusions In conclusion, students in educational establishments with a higher socioeconomic level have lower levels of cardiovascular risk and better physical fitness than students in public establishments. The authors suggest considering specific school interventions to mitigate cardiovascular risk and improve physical fitness among this vulnerable population. To this end, future studies should analyze the characteristics of physical activity and nutritional habits in schools to determine the factors that affect the results. 7218 7 218 7,21 participated Education considered strength flexibility rate index waisttoheight waist height p 0.05. 005 0.05 . 0 05 0.05) 0.01. 001 0.01 01 0.01) PSC (PSC SC (SC PS (PS DA. DA (DA) conclusion population end 721 21 7,2 00 0.0 (DA 72 2 7, 0.

Resumo Objetivamos conhecer a percepção de estudantes de Educação Física acerca de comportamentos e comentários homofóbicos e heterossexistas presentes na formação profissional, identificando sugestões para torná-la mais receptiva à diversidade de sujeitos. Esta pesquisa mista contou, primeiramente, com 260 estudantes que responderam um questionário que foi analisado a partir da frequência de respostas. Na segunda etapa participaram 19, divididos em 3 grupos focais, cujo conteúdo foi transcrito e submetido a análise de conteúdo com auxílio do software QSRNVivo. Os resultados apontam que é forte a incidência de comportamentos e comentários homofóbicos e heterossexistas entre estudantes, ocorrendo sobretudo entre os homens. Afirmam que os(as) docentes reforçam ou silenciam diante dessas condutas e pouco colaboram para criar um ambiente seguro e livre de preconceitos. Para alterar esse cenário, é necessário cultivar o respeito, problematizar o currículo heteronormativo e oportunizar diferentes ações que envolvam a comunidade acadêmica.

Abstract This study aimed to know the perceptions of physical education students concerning homophobic and heterosexist comments and behaviours in professional education. Also, we identified suggestions to make professional education more suitable to the diversity of subjects. This mixed research was divided into two steps. Firstly, 260 students filled a questionnaire and a descriptive statistical analysis was conducted on the results. Subsequently, 19 students participated in three focal groups. Then, the data was transcribed and the information processed using the software (QSRNVivo). Finally, a content analysis was carried out. A strong incidence of homophobic and heterosexist comments and behaviours is seen, frequently among male subjects. Furthermore, the results show that when confronted teachers were voiceless or reinforced the behaviour, consequently not collaborating to a secure and prejudice-free environment. To change this scenario, it is necessary to cultivate respect, problematize the heteronormative curriculum and opportunize different actions involving the academic community.

Resumen Este estúdio objetivó conocer la percepción de los estudiantes de Educación Física sobre los comportamientos y comentarios homofóbicos y heterosexistas que se encuentran presentes en la formación profesional, identificando las propuestas para cambiarla más receptiva hacia la diversidad de personas. Esta investigación mixta contó, primeramente, con 260 estudiantes que respondieron un cuestionario que fue analizado mediante frecuencias. En la segunda etapa, 19 alumnos que fueron divididos en 3 grupos focales, cuyos datos fueron transcritos y sometidos a análisis de contenido mediante la ayuda de un software (QSRNVivo). Los resultados apuntan una fuerte incidencia de comportamientos y comentarios homofóbicos y heterosexistas entre estudiantes, principalmente entre los hombres. Afirman que los docentes refuerzan o silencian estas conductas y además colaboran poco para crear un ambiente libre de prejuicios. Para cambiar esta situación, es necesario trabajar el respeto, cuestionar el currículo heteronormativo y fomentar diferentes acciones que involucren a la comunidad académica.

The college student must develop skills that allow for self-education; there for, it requires the appropriation of strategies that facilitate their autonomous learning and the formation of critical thinking. The presented monograph offers a bibliographical analysis with the aim of offering an epistemological approach to the role of self-learning and metacognition in Higher Education.

El estudiante universitario debe desarrollar habilidades que le permitan su auto educación; para lo cual, este requiere apropiarse de estrategias que faciliten su aprendizaje autónomo y formación del pensamiento crítico. La monografía que se presenta brinda un análisis bibliográfico con el objetivo de ofrecer una aproximación epistemológica al rol del autoaprendizaje y la metacognición en la Educación Superior.

Background: Physical inactivity is an important cardiovascular risk factor. Aim: To investigate the association of physical inactivity with obesity, metabolic markers, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension and metabolic syndrome in Chilean adults. Material and Methods: Participants from the National Health Survey 2009-10 (n = 5,157) were included in this study. Body mass index, waist circumference, metabolic markers (blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and lipid profile) were the outcomes. Type 2 diabetes, hypertension and metabolic syndrome were determined using international criteria. Physical activity levels were determined using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire and physical inactivity was defined as < 600 METs/minutes/week. Results: Compared to their physically active peers, inactive men and women had a higher odds ratio (OR) for obesity (OR: 1.77 [95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.29-2.42], p < 0.01 and 1.25 [95% CI: 102-1.54], p < 0.035, respectively), diabetes (OR: 2.47 [1.80-3.38], p < 0.01 and 1.72 [1.35-2.19], p = 0.002, respectively) and hypertension (OR: 1.66 [1.31-2.09], p < 0.01 and 1.83 [1.54-2.18] respectively. An association of physical inactivity with central obesity and metabolic syndrome was observed only in men (OR: 1.92 [1.42- 2.58], p < 0.01 and 1.74 [1.23-2.47], p < 0.01, respectively). Conclusions: Not meeting the physical activity recommendations is associated with obesity, diabetes, hypertension and metabolic syndrome, which are important cardiovascular risk factors.

Background Physical inactivity and obesity are major risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Aim To investigate whether if the association between obesity and diabetes is modified by levels of physical activity in the Chilean population. Material and Methods Cross-sectional study including 4,712 participants from the 2009-2010 National Health Survey. Diabetes was determined when participants referred having the disease or had a fasting glucose ≥ 126 mg/dl. Physical activity level was assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. The association between diabetes, obesity and physical activity was determined using logistic regression analysis. Results Compare to active and normal weight subjects (reference group), the risk for T2D was higher in active individuals with overweight (Odds ratio (OR): 2.85 [95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.76- 4.61] p < 0.01). The risk among inactive but normal weight participants (OR: 2.12 [95% CI: 1.49- 3.01], p < 0.01) was of lower magnitude and was even higher among inactive and overweight individuals (OR: 3.22 [95% CI: 2.10 – 4.93], p < 0.01). Similar results were found for obesity and central obesity. Conclusions Individuals who are physically inactive and have a high adiposity level have an increased risk for T2D compared to active individuals with normal BMI.

Background: Physical inactivity is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Aim: To identify factors associated with physical inactivity in Chilean adults. Material and Methods: Participants from the Chilean Health Survey (5,133 individuals) were included in this study. Physical activity was measured using the Global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ). Physical inactivity was defined as < 600 MET. min.week−1 of moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity. Logistic regression was used to identify correlates of physical inactivity. Results: The main finding of this study were that women (odds ratio (OR): 1.51 [95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.32-1.72]) were more likely to be inactive compared to men and that older adults were more likely to be inactive than their younger or middle age counterparts (OR: 3.06 [95% CI: 2.45-3.82]). Other correlates of physical inactivity were individuals with obesity (OR: 1.43 [95% CI: 1.20-1.70]), diabetes (OR: 1.96 [95% CI: 1.61-2.38]), hypertension (OR: 1.72 [95% CI: 1.50-1.97]), metabolic syndrome (OR: 1.42 [95% IC: 1.18-1.70]), a low education level (OR: 1.26 [95% CI: 1.06-1.49]) and higher levels of sedentary behavior (OR: 2.77 [95% CI: 2.36-3.25]). Conclusions: Women, older people and sedentary subjects with chronic non-transmissible conditions are at higher risk of being physically inactive.

Objective: To identify and analyse problems in adapting to change among the family caregivers of relatives with dementia. Method: Qualitative study based on the methodology of Charmaz's Constructivist Grounded Theory. Seven focus groups were conducted in different primary health care centres in the province of Jaen (Spain). Eighty-two primary family caregivers of relatives with dementia participated by purposeful maximum variation sampling and theoretical sampling. Triangulation analysis was carried out to increase internal validity. Results: We obtained three main categories: 'Changing Care', 'Problems in the process of adapting to change' and 'Facilitators of the process of adapting to change'. Family caregivers perform their role in a context characterized by personal change, both in the person receiving the care and in the social and cultural context. The challenge of adaptation lies in the balance between the problems that hamper adaptation of the caregiver to new situations of care and the factors that facilitate the caregiver role. Conclusions: The adaptation of family caregivers to caring for a person with dementia is hindered by the lack of formal support and under-diagnosis of dementia. The adaptation process could be improved by strengthening formal support in the early stages of care to reduce the stress of family caregivers who must teach themselves about their task and by interventions adapted to each phase in the development of the caregiver role.

Objetivo: Identificar y analizar los problemas que surgen en el proceso de adaptación de la persona cuidadora a los cambios durante el cuidado familiar a una persona afectada por demencia. Método: Estudio cualitativo basado en la metodología de la teoría fundamentada constructivista de Charmaz. Se realizaron siete grupos focales en diferentes centros de atención primaria de salud en la provincia de Jaén (España). Participaron 82 personas cuidadoras principales familiares de mayores con demencia, seleccionadas por muestreo propositivo de máxima variación y teórico. Se llevó a cabo una triangulación del análisis para favorecer la validez interna del estudio. Resultados: Se obtuvieron tres categorías centrales, que fueron "Cuidados cambiantes", "Problemas en el proceso de adaptación a los cambios" y "Factores facilitadores del proceso de adaptación a los cambios". La persona cuidadora desempeña su rol en una realidad caracterizada por el cambio, tanto personal como de la persona a la que cuida y su contexto social y cultural. El reto adaptativo está en el balance entre los problemas que dificultan la adaptación a los cambios de la persona cuidadora a las nuevas situaciones de cuidado y los factores que facilitan su labor cuidadora. Conclusiones: La escasez de apoyo formal y el infradiagnóstico de la demencia dificultan la adaptación de la persona cuidadora al cuidado de una persona afectada por demencia. El proceso de adaptación podría mejorar reforzando el apoyo formal en las primeras fases del cuidado para reducir el estrés del proceso de aprendizaje autodidacta de las familias cuidadoras, así como adaptando las intervenciones a cada fase de la evolución del rol cuidador.

Objective: To identify and analyse problems in adapting to change among the family caregivers of relatives with dementia. Method: Qualitative study based on the methodology of Charmaz's Constructivist Grounded Theory. Seven focus groups were conducted in different primary health care centres in the province of Jaen (Spain). Eighty-two primary family caregivers of relatives with dementia participated by purposeful maximum variation sampling and theoretical sampling. Triangulation analysis was carried out to increase internal validity. Results: We obtained three main categories: 'Changing Care', 'Problems in the process of adapting to change' and 'Facilitators of the process of adapting to change'. Family caregivers perform their role in a context characterized by personal change, both in the person receiving the care and in the social and cultural context. The challenge of adaptation lies in the balance between the problems that hamper adaptation of the caregiver to new situations of care and the factors that facilitate the caregiver role. Conclusions: The adaptation of family caregivers to caring for a person with dementia is hindered by the lack of formal support and under-diagnosis of dementia. The adaptation process could be improved by strengthening formal support in the early stages of care to reduce the stress of family caregivers who must teach themselves about their task and by interventions adapted to each phase in the development of the caregiver role.

Objetivo: Identificar y analizar los problemas que surgen en el proceso de adaptación de la persona cuidadora a los cambios durante el cuidado familiar a una persona afectada por demencia. Método: Estudio cualitativo basado en la metodología de la teoría fundamentada constructivista de Charmaz. Se realizaron siete grupos focales en diferentes centros de atención primaria de salud en la provincia de Jaén (España). Participaron 82 personas cuidadoras principales familiares de mayores con demencia, seleccionadas por muestreo propositivo de máxima variación y teórico. Se llevó a cabo una triangulación del análisis para favorecer la validez interna del estudio. Resultados: Se obtuvieron tres categorías centrales, que fueron "Cuidados cambiantes", "Problemas en el proceso de adaptación a los cambios" y "Factores facilitadores del proceso de adaptación a los cambios". La persona cuidadora desempeña su rol en una realidad caracterizada por el cambio, tanto personal como de la persona a la que cuida y su contexto social y cultural. El reto adaptativo está en el balance entre los problemas que dificultan la adaptación a los cambios de la persona cuidadora a las nuevas situaciones de cuidado y los factores que facilitan su labor cuidadora. Conclusiones: La escasez de apoyo formal y el infradiagnóstico de la demencia dificultan la adaptación de la persona cuidadora al cuidado de una persona afectada por demencia. El proceso de adaptación podría mejorar reforzando el apoyo formal en las primeras fases del cuidado para reducir el estrés del proceso de aprendizaje autodidacta de las familias cuidadoras, así como adaptando las intervenciones a cada fase de la evolución del rol cuidador.

Objective To analyze the effect of 12 weeks of physical activity on the morphology of the women enrolled in the Family Health Program in the city of Patos, Paraíba, Brazil. During these weeks, different physical activity programs were applied. Methods A quasi-experimental study, in which 28 women were analyzed. All were volunteers, aged between 42 and 56 years and divided into groups: G1 (n=15, recreational activities) and G2 (n=13, dance activities). For data analysis, the Student t-test for independent samples was used with a significance level of p<0.05. Results The comparison of body composition variables showed no difference between the two groups. However, when the pre- and post-exercise moments are compared, it is seen that the two different physical activity programs produce significant changes in the morphology of women. Conclusion The results indicate that the applied physical activity programs produce significant changes in the morphology of women. On the other hand, we consider that the comparison between a physical exercise program and recreational physical activity program and their effects on the morphology of women could be good.

Objetivo Analizar el efecto de 12 semanas de actividad física en la morfología de las mujeres inscritas en el programa de salud familiar de la ciudad de Patos, Paraíba - Brasil. Durante estas semanas se aplicaron diferentes programas de actividad física. Métodos Investigación cuasi experimental, en la cual fueron analizadas 28 mujeres, voluntarias, con edades entre 42 y 56 años, divididas en los grupos: G1 (n=15, actividades lúdicas) y G2 (n=13, actividad de danza). Para el análisis de datos se empleó la prueba t student para muestras independientes con un nivel de significancia de p<0.05. Resultados La comparación de las variables de la composición corporal no mostró diferencia entre los grupos. Sin embargo, cuando se comparan los momentos pre y post, se observa que los dos programas de actividad física distintos producen modificaciones significativas en la morfología de las mujeres. Conclusión Los resultados obtenidos indican que los programas de actividad física aplicados producen modificaciones significativas en la morfología de las mujeres. Por otro lado, se considera que podría ser buena la comparación de un programa de ejercicio físico y de actividades físicas lúdicas y sus efectos en la morfología de mujeres.

Objetivo Analizar el efecto de 12 semanas de actividad física en la morfología de las mujeres inscritas en el programa de salud familiar de la ciudad de Patos, Paraíba - Brasil. Durante estas semanas se aplicaron diferentes programas de actividad física. Métodos Investigación cuasi experimental, en la cual fueron analizadas 28 mujeres, voluntarias, con edades entre 42 y 56 años, divididas en los grupos: G1 (n=15, actividades lúdicas) y G2 (n=13, actividad de danza). Para el análisis de datos se empleó la prueba t student para muestras independientes con un nivel de significancia de p<0.05. Resultados La comparación de las variables de la composición corporal no mostró diferencia entre los grupos. Sin embargo, cuando se comparan los momentos pre y post, se observa que los dos programas de actividad física distintos producen modificaciones significativas en la morfología de las mujeres. Conclusión Los resultados obtenidos indican que los programas de actividad física aplicados producen modificaciones significativas en la morfología de las mujeres. Por otro lado, se considera que podría ser buena la comparación de un programa de ejercicio físico y de actividades físicas lúdicas y sus efectos en la morfología de mujeres.

Objective To analyze the effect of 12 weeks of physical activity on the morphology of the women enrolled in the Family Health Program in the city of Patos, Paraíba, Brazil. During these weeks, different physical activity programs were applied. Methods A quasi-experimental study, in which 28 women were analyzed. All were volunteers, aged between 42 and 56 years and divided into groups: G1 (n=15, recreational activities) and G2 (n=13, dance activities). For data analysis, the Student t-test for independent samples was used with a significance level of p<0.05. Results The comparison of body composition variables showed no difference between the two groups. However, when the pre- and post-exercise moments are compared, it is seen that the two different physical activity programs produce significant changes in the morphology of women. Conclusion The results indicate that the applied physical activity programs produce significant changes in the morphology of women. On the other hand, we consider that the comparison between a physical exercise program and recreational physical activity program and their effects on the morphology of women could be good.

The concept of need is commonly used in social policy, despite its apparent simplicity, it has developed very much and precise dimensioning remarkable conceptual and terminological precision in use. This article reviews the concept and describes the main approaches in use within health policy: rationalist approach versus humanistic approach. Finally we analyze some elements of the debate between need and demand for public services to health care and social services and proposes recommendations for the appropriate use of the concept.

El concepto de necesidad es muy utilizado en las políticas sociales que, a pesar de su aparente simplicidad, ha tenido un desarrollo conceptual notable, por lo que precisa acotación terminológica y precisión en su uso. En este artículo se revisa el concepto según diferentes áreas de conocimiento, la taxonomía creada en torno al concepto y se describen los principales enfoques en su utilización dentro de la política sanitaria: enfoque humanista versus enfoque racionalista. Finalmente se analizan algunos elementos del debate entre necesidad y demanda en los servicios públicos de atención a la salud y de servicios sociales y se proponen recomendaciones para el empleo adecuado del concepto.

Background: interventions aiming to develop healthy lifestyle behaviours at early age could be an effective way of reducing childhood obesity. Aims: to evaluate the effect of a dietary and physical activity intervention on reducing childhood obesity. Methods: 312 students took part on this 5 month intervention study. The intervention included dietary talk delivered to children and their parents in addition to 45 minutes of daily physical activity modules. Nutritional status was assessed using the Obesity Task Force criteria. Changes in dietary behaviours and physical activity were assessed using questionnaires administrated to the parents. Results: body mass index decreased significantly post intervention (-0.2 kg.m-2), however, this reduction was driven by boys (-0.3 kg.m-2). Similarly, waist circumference shows a significant reduction in boys (-0.4 cm) but not girls. Children with overweight or obesity shows greater reductions in obesity-related traits, which were related to changes in dietary and physical activity post interventions. Conclusion: multidisciplinary interventions applied to children between 5 and 7 years old are effective on reducing body mass index and improving dietary and physical activity behaviours in overweight and obese children.

Introducción: las intervenciones orientadas a la formación de estilos de vida saludable en edades tempranas podría ser una herramienta eficaz para reducir los niveles de obesidad en escolares. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de una intervención en alimentación y actividad física (AF) en la reducción de la obesidad en escolares. Métodos: un total de 312 escolares participaron en esta intervención, la cual se aplicó durante cinco meses. Se desarrollaron talleres para la familia y los niños con material educativo basado en guías alimentarias chilenas, en conjunto con 45 minutos diarios de AF. El estado nutricional fue evaluado con el International Obesity Task Force. Los cambios en los hábitos alimentarios y de actividad física fueron evaluados mediante la aplicación de cuestionarios. Resultados: el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) disminuyó significativamente post intervención (-0,2 kg.m-2); al analizar estos resultados por sexo, solo los varones presentaron una reducción significativa (-0,3 kg.m-2). Resultados similares fueron observados para el perímetro de la cintura en varones (-0,4 cm). No obstante, al analizar el efecto de la intervención en aquellos escolares con sobrepeso u obesidad preintervención se observaron cambios significativos en el IMC, los cuales fueron asociados a cambios en la alimentación y los niveles de actividad física. Conclusiones: las intervenciones multidisciplinarias aplicadas a escolares del primer ciclo de enseñanza básica son efectivas a la hora de reducir los niveles de IMC e incrementar los niveles de actividad física y la calidad de la alimentación en escolares con sobrepeso u obesidad.

Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la eficacia de un programa de actividad física y alimentación saludable en escolares chilenos. Materiales y Métodos: Se trabajó con ocho Centros Educativos de Chillán, con un total de 257 niños. La intervención se aplicó durante 5 meses, se desarrollaron talleres durante las reuniones de padres y apoderados con material educativo, a los niños se les incorporaron 45 minutos diarios de AF todos los días de la semana y talleres saludables. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron dos cuestionarios, uno sobre actividad física y el segundo sobre frecuencia alimentaria, además se utilizaron una balanza digital y un tallímetro para obtener estado nutricional. Se midieron peso, talla y se calculó Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) y el estado nutricional. Resultados: Después de la intervención el porcentaje de la muestra que presentaba exceso de peso disminuyó de 50,2% a 42% en general; en cuanto a las niñas, estas presentaban un 47% de exceso de peso, finalizada la intervención el porcentaje de niñas con exceso de peso disminuyó hasta un 35,9%, quedando en 64,1% los casos en estado normal; en cuanto a la calidad alimentaria, los resultados postintervención muestran que la baja calidad alimentaria disminuyó de un 28% a 5,4%, los que tenían media pasaron de 10,9% a 17,9%, de la misma forma la calidad alta aumentó de un 61,1% a 76,7%. Conclusiones: Los resultados muestran que programas para reducir la obesidad infantil, que son abordados con actividad física y talleres de alimentación saludable, logran resultados positivos.

Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of a physical activity in a healthy eating program for Chilean students. Materials and Methods: The investigation was carried out with eight educational centers in Chillán with a total of 257 children. The intervention was applied for 5 months. Workshops were held during parents and guardians meetings with educational material, and children worked 45 minutes AF daily every day of the week and attended health workshops. The instruments used were two questionnaires, one about physical activity and the other about food frequency; besides, a digital scale and a stadiometer were used to obtain the nutritional state. Weight and height were measured and also the BMI and nutritional state were measured. Results: After the intervention the percentage of the sample that presented overweight diminished from 50.2% to 42% in general. Regarding the girls, they presented 47% overweight and when the intervention finished the percentage of overweight girls diminished to a 35.9% being 64.1% the cases in a normal state. As for food quality, it diminished from 28% to 5.4%; those who had a media went from 10.9 to 17.9, and in the same way, high quality increased from a 61.1% to 76,7%. Conclusions: The results show that programs to reduce child obesity which are dealt with physical activity and food workshops have good results.

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a eficácia de um programa de atividade física e alimentação saudável em crianças da escola chilena. Materiais e Métodos: Trabalhou se com oito Centros de Educação de Chillán, com um total de 257 crianças. A intervenção se aplicou durante 5 meses, desenvolveram se oficinas educativas durante as reuniões de pais com material educativo, às crianças se lhes ensinou por 45 minutos diários de AF todos os dias da semana e atividades saudáveis. Os instrumentos utilizados foram dois questionários, um sobre atividade física e o segundo sobre freqüência alimentaria, além se utilizaram uma balança digital e uma vara de medição (tallímetro) para obter estado nutricional. Mediu se peso tamanho e calculou se o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) Resultados: Após da intervenção a porcentagem da mostra que apresentava excesso de peso diminuiu de 50,2% a 42% em geral; no tocante as meninas, estas apresentavam um 47% de excesso de peso, finalizava a intervenção a porcentagem de meninas com excesso de peso diminuiu até um 35,9% ficando em 64,1% os casos em estado normal; com respeito à qualidade alimentaria diminuiu de 28% a 5,4%, os que tinham media passaram de 10,9% a 17,9%, da mesma forma a qualidade alta aumentou dum 61,1% a 76,7%. Conclusões: Os resultados mostram que programas para reduzir a obesidade infantil, que são abordados com atividade física e oficinas de alimentação saudável, logram resultados positivos.

Introduction: Malnutrition is a common health problem, especially in hospitalized patients, where it’s associated with longer hospital stays and higher rates of morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, current scientific advances and life expectancy increase, have produced a progressive increase of mid- to long-term stay units (UMLE). Aims: To determinate the prevalence of malnutrition on admission to a mid- to long-term stay unit, using MNA and VGS and to analyze the possible factors/cli-nical features associated with malnutrition and its consequences. Methods: Descriptive and transversal study conducted with 201 patients admitted consecutively for 12 months in an Universitary Hospital mid- to long-term stay unit (Valencia). Clinical, anthropometric, biochemical and nutritional history data were registered, as well as Charlson comorbidity scale, Pfeiffer cognitive scale, Barthel functional scale and presence of edema, ascitis and pressure ulcers. Nutritional status was evaluated in the first 24-72 hours of admission using MNA and VGS. Dysphagia was evaluated using EAT-10 and MECV-V questionaires. Results: The overall rate of malnutrition was 76,6%, being severe protein energy malnutrition the most common type (20,4%). Malnourished patients were older (p=0,002), presented greater dependence (p<0,0001) and greater cognitive impairment (p<0,0001) and they had higher prevalence of urinary tract infections (p=0,026) and presence of pressure ulcer (p=0,005). Dysphagia was diagnosed in 43.6% of the patients. Conclusions: The prevalence of malnutrition is higher in a mid to long-term stay unit, is usually severe and associated with greater comorbidity. Almost half of the patients had dysphagia. Nutritional assessment is essential for establishing the correct diagnosis and treatment of the nutritional status in mid to - long term stay unit.

Introducción: La desnutrición es un problema de salud frecuente, especialmente en el ámbito hospitalario donde se asocia con estancias más prolongadas y mayor tasa de morbi-mortalidad. Por otro lado, los avances científicos actuales y la mayor expectativa de vida, han producido un aumento progresivo de unidades de media y larga estancia (UMLE). Objetivos: Determinar la prevalencia de desnutrición en una UMLE mediante el uso del MNA y la VGS, así como analizar los factores/características clínicas asociadas a la misma y sus repercusiones. Métodos: Estudio transversal, descriptivo de una cohorte formada por 201 pacientes ingresados en la UMLE de un Hospital universitario de forma consecutiva durante 12 meses. Se recogieron variables clínicas, antropométricas, bioquímicas e historia nutricional, así como escala de comorbilidad de Charlson, escala cognitiva de Pfeiffer, escala funcional de Barthel y presencia de edemas, ascitis y úlceras por presión. El estado nutricional fue evaluado en las primeras 24-72 horas de ingreso mediante el MNA y la VGS. La presencia de disfagia se evaluó mediante el cuestionario EAT-10 y el MECV-V. Resultados: La prevalencia global de desnutrición fue del 76,6%, siendo la desnutrición mixta grave la más prevalente (20.4%). Los pacientes desnutridos tenían más edad (p=0,002), mayor grado de dependencia (p<0,0001), mayor deterioro cognitivo (p<0,0001) y mayor prevalencia de infecciones urinarias (p=0,026) y presencia de escaras (p=0,005). En el 43.6% de los pacientes se diagnosticó disfagia (MECV-V patológico). Conclusiones: La prevalencia de desnutrición es muy elevada en unidades médicas de larga estancia, generalmente es grave y se asocia con mayor comorbilidad. Casi la mitad de los pacientes presentaban disfagia. El cribaje y valoración nutricional son imprescindibles para el adecuado diagnóstico y tratamiento del estado nutricional en estas unidades.