Résumé À l’époque de la technocratie, les questions associées au droit à l’éducation ont été dépréciées au profit d’un déterminisme économico-financier, prédominant dans la société hégémonique par le néolibéralisme. À l’image des lignes directrices pédagogiques d’organisations transnationales telles que la Commission européenne ou l’OCDE, qui centralisent les priorités de l’action éducative sur des questions telles que l’entrepreneuriat, l’employabilité et les logiques commerciales, en sont les suivantes. Le temps de production, défini par le pragmatisme régulateur qui envahit et colonise le temps humain de la relation, acquiert une nouvelle centralité dans les discours et les pratiques éducatives. Cet article vise à définir et à analyser les effets de ce que nous appelons l’impérialisme de l’utile, en soulignant l’importance de redonner aux pratiques et aux discours éducatifs un sens critique, humanisant et socialement juste.

Abstract In times of technocracy, the issues associated with the Right to Education have been deprecated in favor of an economic-financial determinism, predominant in society hegemonized by neoliberalism. Mirroring this are the educational guidelines from transnational organisations such as the European Commission or the OECD, centralising the priorities of educational action on issues such as entrepreneurship, employability and business logics. The time of production, defined by the regulatory pragmatism that invades and colonizes the human time of the relationship, gains a new centrality in educational discourses and practices. This article aims to define and analyze the effects of what we call imperialism of the useful, underlining the importance of returning to educational practices and discourses a critical, humanizing and socially just sense.

Resumen En tiempos de tecnocracia, los temas asociados al Derecho a la Educación han quedado en desuso en favor de un determinismo económico-financiero, predominante en la sociedad hegemonizada por el neoliberalismo. Reflejando esto están las directrices educativas de organizaciones transnacionales como la Comisión Europea o la OCDE, que centralizan las prioridades de la acción educativa en temas como el espíritu empresarial, la empleabilidad y la lógica empresarial. El tiempo de producción, definido por el pragmatismo regulador que invade y coloniza el tiempo humano de la relación, adquiere una nueva centralidad en los discursos y prácticas educativas. Este artículo tiene como objetivo definir y analizar los efectos de lo que llamamos imperialismo de lo útil, subrayando la importancia de devolver a las prácticas y discursos educativos un sentido crítico, humanizador y socialmente justo.

Resumo Em tempos de tecnocracia, as questões associadas ao Direito à Educação têm sido preteridas em favor de um determinismo económico-financeiro, predominante na sociedade hegemonizada pelo neoliberalismo. Espelho disto mesmo são as orientações educativas provindas de organizações transnacionais, como a Comissão Europeia ou a OCDE, centralizando as prioridades da ação educativa em questões como o empreendedorismo, a empregabilidade e as lógicas empresariais. O tempo da produção, definido pelo pragmatismo regulador que invade e coloniza o tempo humano da relação, ganha uma nova centralidade nos discursos e práticas educativas. O presente artigo pretende definir e analisar os efeitos do que designamos por imperialismo do útil, sublinhando a importância de devolver às práticas e aos discursos educacionais um sentido crítico, humanizador e socialmente justo.

Resumo: Este texto parte da letra A, da sua importância e da sua centralidade na Desconstrução de Derrida. Em função dessa letra iniciática, indício da “ironia muda” da différance como sincategorema do pensamento de Derrida, tentar-se-á acompanhar o modo como se apresenta à Filosofia Contemporânea como uma espécie de sismo, de abalo e de nova propulsão. Sismografias tenta então reconhecer, na postura e no desenvolvimento dessa letra “A”, a forma como o trabalho de Derrida abala pela base o território dos conceitos, convocando a urgência e a responsabilidade da filosofia, da escrita e do pensamento. Nesse sentido, trata-se aqui de acompanhar as linhas de desenvolvimento de uma letra motriz, que pontuou, do início ao fim e em todas as direções, o pensamento de Derrida como idioma, como revolução filosófica, como sismografia.

Abstract: This text departs from the letter A, in its importance and its centrality in Derrida’s deconstruction. From this initiatic letter, a sign of différance’s “mute irony” as a syncategorem of Derrida’s thought, we will try to follow the way in which it presents itself to Contemporary Philosophy as a kind of earthquake, a quake and a new propulsion. Seismographies tries therefore to recognise, in the posture and development of this letter “A”, the way in which Derrida’s work shakes up at its base the domain of concepts, , summoning up the urgency and responsibility of philosophy, of writing and of thought. In this sense it is intended to follow the lines of development of a leading letter, which marked, from beginning to end and in all directions, Derrida’s thought as an idiom, as a philosophical revolution, as a seismographie.

Resumo As tecnologias digitais revolucionaram a forma como lidamos com a pandemia da COVID-19, tornando-se evidente a mudança de toda a sociedade na era da informação. Atualmente, os dados são um elemento essencial de qualquer instituição de saúde. O seu uso tem o potencial de reduzir radicalmente o custo e o tempo necessários para fundamentar evidência científica sobre a eficácia das intervenções. Da mesma forma, a informação e potencial tecnológico tornaram-se parte crucial da resposta à pandemia e a implementação eficaz de estratégias de gestão de dados dependeu da adoção de tecnologias digitais e a sua integração com as políticas e cuidados de saúde. Em agosto de 2020, a Nature Medicine publicou um artigo sobre situação de maturidade tecnológica e respostas digitais no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19. Neste sentido, pretendemos contextualizar as tecnologias adoptadas em Portugal na situação de crise atual, realçando, quando aplicável, os requisitos, potenciais, constrangimentos e aspetos de possíveis melhorias. A maturidade digital envolve congruência, preparação, capacidade, infraestrutura e planeamento estratégico com foco nos resultados de saúde. O futuro da saúde pública, e dos sistemas e cuidados de saúde será cada vez mais digital, pelo que, é necessário promover uma cultura de inovação, com processos coordenados e padronizados e criando espaço para um novo paradigma de transformação digital sustentável.

Abstract Digital technologies revolutionized the way we dealt with the COVID-19 pandemic and outstood the obvious societal change in the information age. Currently, data are an essential element of any health institution. Their use has the potential to radically reduce the cost and time needed to strengthen scientific evidence on the effectiveness of interventions. Likewise, information and the potential of these technologies have become a crucial part of the response to the pandemic. Effective implementation of data management strategies has depended on the adoption of digital technologies and their integration with health policies and care systems. In August 2020, Nature Medicine published an article about technological maturity and digital responses in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper aims to provide a contextualization of the technologies adopted in Portugal in the current crisis while highlighting, when applicable, requirements, potentials, constraints and aspects of possible improvements. The digital maturity of health services is a gradual process that requires preparation, adaptation and response. The future of public health and health care systems will be increasingly digital, and it is necessary to promote a culture of innovation, coordinate and standardize processes and make room for a new paradigm of sustainable digital transformation.

RESUMEN En este texto, concebimos el tiempo libre y la “libertad” del tiempo libre como afirmaciones específicas del derecho a una infancia con derechos. Escuchando un ejemplo de Giorgio Agamben, quien personificó una idea benjaminiana de la “prosa liberta” en la fábula de los “Sonntagskinder”, niños que “suelen comprender el lenguaje de los pájaros” (2013: 27), planteamos hipótesis críticas que permiten una ampliación la experiencia de la educación impulsionada por las palabras concretas y efectivas de los niños al elegir como definen y disfrutan del tiempo, del espacio y sus propios significados.

RESUMO Neste texto concebemos o tempo livre e a “liberdade” do tempo livre como afirmações específicas do direito a uma infância com direitos. Na escuta de um exemplo de Giorgio Agamben, que personificou uma ideia benjaminiana de “prosa liberta” na fábula dos “Sonntagskinder”, as crianças que “podem compreender a língua dos pássaros” (2013: 27), colocamos hipóteses críticas que possibilitem um alargamento da experiência da educação a partir da palavra concreta e efetiva das crianças na escolha da definição e no usufruto do tempo, do espaço e dos seus próprios significados.

RESUME La direction et l'hégémonisation du néolibéralisme économique est l'une des vitrines de la problématisation d'un concept, qui en elles se révèle aussi volatil que récurrent: le concept de «liberté». Dans ce texte, nous concevons le temps libre et la «liberté» du temps libre comme des affirmations spécifiques du droit à une enfance avec droits. En écoutant un exemple présenté par Giorgio Agamben, qui personnifiait une idée benjaminienne de «prose liberta» dans la fable du «Sonntagskinder», les enfants qui «peuvent comprendre le langage des oiseaux» (2013: 27), nous posons des hypothèses critiques qui permettent un élargissement de l'expérience de l'éducation à partir des mots concrets et effectives des enfants au choix de la définition et l'usufruit du temps, de l'espace et de leurs propres significations.

ABSTRACT In this text, we conceive free time and the “freedom” of free time as specific affirmations of the right to an infancy with rights. Listening-in to an example by Giorgio Agamben, who personified a Benjaminian idea of “free prose” in the fable of the “Sonntagskinder”, the children who “can understand the language of birds” (2013: 27), we put forward critical hypotheses that enable a broader experience of education from children's concrete and effective words in choosing the definition and enjoyment of time, space in their own meanings.

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and apoptosis associated with ischemic preconditioning (IPC) and pentoxifylline (PTX) in intestinal ischemia (I) and reperfusion (R) injury. Methods: Thirty male rats were assigned to 5 groups: (CG), no clamping of the superior mesenteric artery (90 minutes); (IR-SS) saline + ischemia (30 minutes) + reperfusion (60 minutes); (IR-PTX) PTX + ischemia (30 minutes) + reperfusion (60 minutes); (IPC-IR-SS) 5 minutes of ischemia + 5 minutes of reperfusion (IPC) + saline + I(30 minutes)+R(60 minutes); and (IPC-IR-PTX) IPC + PTX + I(30 minutes)+ R(60 minutes). Results: The application of IPC and PTX showed a significantly lower immunohistochemistry reaction for active caspase-3 (P<0.05) compared to IR+SS. The number of cells immunoreactive to BCL-2 was higher in the IR-PTX group (P>0.05). The NOS-2 expression (qRTPCR) in the IR-PTX group (P<0.05) was higher than the values for the IPC+IR-SS and IPC-IR-PTX groups. The NOS-3 expression was significantly upper in the IPC-IR-PTX group than in the CG (P<0.05), the IR-SS (P<0.05) and the IR-PTX (P<0.05) groups. Conclusions: The BCL-2 and active caspase-3 showed beneficial effects on PTX and IPC. The expression of NOS-2 and NOS-3 in the IPC and IPC-PTX groups showed no synergistic effect.

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the role of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) and pentoxifylline (PTX) in intestinal mucosa ischemia/reperfusion injury (IR). Methods: Thirty rats were assigned to 5 groups (N=6): (CG): no clamping of the superior mesenteric artery (90 min.); (IR-SS): saline + ischemia (30 min.) + reperfusion (60 min.); (IR-PTX): PTX + ischemia (30min.) + reperfusion (60 min.); (IPC-IR-SS): 5 min. of ischemia + 5 minutes of reperfusion (IPC) + saline + ischemia (30 min.) + reperfusion (60 min.); (IPC-IR-PTX ): 5 min. of ischemia + 5 min. of reperfusion (IPC) + PTX + 30 min. of I + 60 minutes of R. Results: The IR-PTX, IPC-IR-SS and IPC-IR-PTX groups had significantly lower scores of mucosa damage than the IR-SS group. IR-PTX group showed higher scores than the IPC-IR-PTX group, in accordance with the hypothesis of a favorable effect of IPC alone or in association with PTX. Additionally, IPC-IR-SS had a higher damage score than the IPC-IR-PTX. The villi height and crypt depth were similar in all groups. The villi height in the IR-SS was significantly lower. Conclusion: Ischemic preconditioning or pentoxifylline alone protect the intestinal mucosa from ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, they do not have a synergistic effect when applied together.

Resumo: Nesta investigação foi estudado o desenvolvimento de valores individuais de alunos/as da licenciatura em Educação Social. O Questionário sobre Valores Pessoais de Schwartz foi aplicado a 53 estudantes, no início e final do 2º ano curricular. Os resultados evidenciaram que as diferenças entre as duas aplicações apresentam nos tipos motivacionais: Poder e Estimulação, uma variação estatística altamente significativa; Realização, Hedonismo, Autodirecionamento, Tradição e Segurança, uma variação estatística significativa; Universalismo, Benevolência e Conformismo, uma variação sem significância estatística. Os resultados são discutidos à luz do quadro concetual axiológico que enquadra a formação e a prática profissional dos educadores sociais.

Abstract: In this research, we studied the development of individual values of students of the Social Education degree. The Schwartz Value Survey was applied to 53 students at the beginning and the end of the 2nd academic year. Results showed the following differences on the motivational types between the first and the second moments: Power and Stimulation, a highly statistically significant variation; Achievement, Hedonism, Self-direction, Tradition and Security, a statistically significant variation; Universalism, Benevolence and Conformity, a variation that was not statistically significant. The results are discussed in the light of the axiological conceptual framework that fits the training and the professional practice of social educators.

PURPOSE:To investigate if expression of genes encoding pro and anti-apoptotic proteins in the rat enteric endothelial cells stimulated by intestinal ischemia followed by reperfusion (IR) can be modified by treatment with heparin (HP).METHODS:Eighteen adult Wistar rats were divided in three groups: sham group submitted to laparotomy only (SG), ischemia followed by reperfusion group (IRG); ischemia followed by reperfusion plus pretreatment with HP 100 mg.kg-1 (IRG+HP). Ischemia was performed by clamping of the superior mesenteric artery. After 60 min of ischemia, metal clamps were removed for reperfusion for 120 min. Gene expression of encoding pro (Casp1, Casp6, Casp3, Cflar, Fas and Pgl) and anti-apoptotic (Bcl2, Bcl2l1 and Naip2) proteins in rat enteric endothelial cells was evaluated by PCR microarray method.RESULTS:Compared to rat endothelial cells of SG, the expression of pro-apoptotic genes was up-regulated in IRG while anti-apoptotic genes were down-regulated. In contrast, the expression of anti-apoptotic genes in IRG+HP was up-regulated while pro-apoptotic genes was down-regulated compared to SG.CONCLUSION:The attenuation by heparin of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion previously demonstrated in rodents could be related with ability of this drug to stimulate and reduce gene expression of encoding anti and pro-apoptotic proteins, respectively.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on the expression of pro and anti-apoptotic genes in rat endothelial cells undergoing enteric ischemia (I) and reperfusion (R). METHODS: Thirty rats underwent clamping of the superior mesenteric vessels. Sham group (GS) laparotomy only; Ischemia (GI): intestinal ischemia (60 min); Ischemia and Reperfusion (GIR): ischemia (60 min) and reperfusion (120 min); Ischemia and intestinal ischemic preconditioning (GI + IPC) : 5 minutes of ischemia followed by 10 min of reperfusion before sustained ischemia (60 min) ischemia and reperfusion and IPC (GIR + IPC): 5 min ischemia followed by 10 min of reperfusion before sustained ischemia (60min) and reperfusion (120 min). Rat Endothelial Cell Biology (PCR array) to determine the expression of genes related to endothelial cell biology. RESULTS: Gene expression of pro-apoptotic markers (Casp1, Casp6, Cflar, Fas, and Pgl) was down regulated in GI+IPC and in GIR + IPC. In contrast, the expression of anti-apoptotic genes (Bcl2 and Naip2), was up-regulated in GI + IPC and in GIR + IPC. CONCLUSION: Ischemic preconditioning may protect against cell death caused by ischemia and reperfusion.

OBJETIVO: Investigar os efeitos da infusão endovenosa da L-arginina (LG) na morfologia, função e resposta de citocinas pró-inflamatórias do fígado durante a fase precoce da lesão de isquemia e reperfusão (IRI). MÉTODOS: Trinta coelhos foram submetidos a 60 minutos de isquemia hepática e 120 minutos de reperfusão. Foi administrada injecção intravenosa de solução salina ou L-arginina aos cinco minutos antes de iniciar a isquemia e cinco minutos antes de iniciar a reperfusão e aos 55 e 115 minutos após o início da isquemia. Realizou-se análise histológica do fígado e dosagens séricas de AST, ALT, LDH, citocinas IL-6 e TNF-alfa. RESULTADOS: Ocorreu redução significante da congestão sinusoidal, vacuolização citoplasmática, infiltração de leucócitos polimorfonucleares, picnose nuclear, necrose e esteatose no tecido hepático, assim como nos níveis de AST, ALT e LDH após a injeção da LG na isquemia (p<0,001). Níveis mais baixos de IL-6 e TNF-alfa foram associados com a infusão LG durante a isquemia. Níveis mais elevados dessas proteínas foram observados nos animais que receberam LG durante a reperfusão. CONCLUSÃO: A L-arginina protegeu o fígado contra a lesão de isquemia e reperfusão principalmente quando administrada durante a fase de isquemia.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of intravenous L-arginine (LG) infusion on liver morphology, function and proinflammatory response of cytokines during the early phase of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). METHODS: Thirty rabbits were subjected to 60 minutes of hepatic ischemia and 120 minutes of reperfusion. An intravenous injection of saline or L-arginine was administered five minutes before the ischemia and five minutes before initiating the reperfusion and at the 55th and 115th minutes after the ischemia. Samples were collected for histological analysis of the liver and measurements of the serum AST, ALT and LDH and the cytokines IL-6 and TNF-alpha. RESULTS: It was observed a significant reduction of sinusoidal congestion, cytoplasmic vacuolization, infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocyte, nuclear pyknosis, necrosis and steatosis in liver tissue, as well as AST, ALT and LDH after injection of LG in the ischemia (p <0.001). Lower levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha were associated with LG infusion during ischemia. Higher levels these proteins were observed in animals receiving LG during reperfusion. CONCLUSION: L-arginine protects the liver against ischemia/reperfusion injury, mainly when is administered during the ischemic phase.

The University of Brasília (UnB) uses a diversity of chemical products, generating residues in a significant way in its multiple activities - teaching, research and community services. The UnB Comission on Chemical Residues Management was established in November 2002, aiming at three main objectives: 1) correct destination for the accumulated residues; 2) implantation of a chemical residues management system and 3) implantation of a UnB Unit for Treatment of Chemical Residues. To fulfil these commitments, a diagnosis of chemical residues produced by the University was performed, which is here presented with an evaluation of their future use, limitations and possibilities.