Objective. In present study we analyzes the causes leading to reoperation patients treated for lumbar spinal stenosis with laminectomy and lumbar instrumentation. Material and methods. 74 patients operated between January of 1996 and December of 2000 with a minimum 4 year follow-up were seleted for the study. Results. 16 patients (21 1%) underwent a new surgical intervention. The main cause for reoperation was stenosis of the adjacent level superiorly to the instrumentation (in 50%). Other causes were radicular fibrosis, persistence of stenosis after the surgery, neuropatic pain, failure of the instrumentation system, transpedicular screws misplacement and break of screws. Conclusions. Complications related with the initial surgical procedure are low, as half of the reoperations were due to stenosis of the segment superior to the fixation.

Objetivo. En el presente trabajo analizamos las causas por las que se ha debido reintervenir a pacientes diagnosticados de estenosis de canal que habían sido tratados mediante descompresión quirúrgica y fijación lumbar. Material y métodos. Seleccionamos 74 pacientes entre enero de 1996 y diciembre de 2000 con un seguimiento mínimo de 4 años. Resultados. 16 (21,1%) fueron sometidos a una nueva intervención quirúrgica. La principal causa fue la estenosis de niveles adyacentes superiores a la instrumentación (en el 50%). Otras causas fueron la fibrosis perirradicular, la persistencia de estenosis tras la cirugía, el dolor neuropático, la desconexión del sistema de fijación, la compresión radicular por tornillos transpediculares y la rotura de tornillos. Conclusiones. Las complicaciones relacionadas con la técnica quirúrgica son bajas ya que la mitad de las reintervenciones en pacientes con estenosis del canal lumbar está producida por la estenosis del segmento superior a la fijación.

RESUMO O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de inseticidas granulados no controle de Leucoptera coffeella (Guérin-Mèneville & Perrottet, 1842) (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae) e seus efeitos sobre vespas predadoras e parasitóides dessa praga. O experimento foi realizado em lavoura comercial cultivar Mundo Novo localizada no Município de Campo Belo, MG. Cada parcela foi composta de 4 linhas de cafeeiro com 10 plantas cada. Aplicaram-se os seguintes inseticidas: thiamethoxam (500 g i.a./ha), thiamethoxam (300 g i.a./ha), thiamethoxam + cyproconazole (250 g i.a. + 250 g i.a./ha), thiamethoxam + cyproconazole (300 g i.a. + 300 g i.a./ha) e aldicarb (4.275 g i.a./ha). Na testemunha não foi realizada aplicação de pesticidas. Realizaram-se duas aplicações: em fevereiro de 2001 e em fevereiro de 2002. Coletaram-se, quinzenalmente, 60 folhas de cafeeiro por parcela situadas no terço médio das plantas. Observou-se efetivo controle do bicho-mineiro pelos inseticidas avaliados, tendo sido constatada redução no número de ovos, na porcentagem de folhas minadas e de lagartas de L. coffeella vivas. Verificou-se tendência de redução nos índices de predação, principalmente, nos períodos de maior precipitação. Todos os produtos mostraram-se tóxicos aos parasitóides da praga, sendo que aldicarb causou o menor impacto.

ABSTRACT The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of some soil-applied granulated insecticides on the control of Leucoptera coffeella (Guérin-Mèneville & Perrottet, 1842) (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae) and their effects on predatory wasps and parasitoids of this pest. The experiment was carried out in a commercial crop cv. Mundo Novo located in Campo Belo, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Each plot was made up of 4 rows of coffee crop with 10 plants each. The following insecticides were applied: thiamethoxam (500 g a.i./ha), thiamethoxam (300 g a.i./ha), thiamethoxam + cyproconazole (250 g a.i./ha + 250 g a.i./ha), thiamethoxam + cyproconazole (300 g a.i./ha + 300 g a.i./ha) and aldicarb (4,275 g a.i./ ha). Two applications were done in February of 2001 and in February of 2002. At intervals of two weeks, 60 coffee leaves per plot, located in the middle third of the plants were collected. Effective control of the coffee leaf miner by the evaluated insecticides was observed. All products caused reduction in the number of eggs, in the percentage of mined leaves and in the number of live caterpillars of L. coffeella. All evaluated insecticides were shown to be harmful to the coffee leaf miner parasitoids, aldicarb being the least toxic.

Diphyllobothriosis is a zoonotic infection that develops, in South America,in introduced salmon and autochthonous fishes of Chile and Argentina. Theprevalence of diphyllobothriosis in men and dogs in the riverside sectorof Lake Riñihue during 1991-1992 was compared with prevalence in1986-1987 and 1951 to evaluate its impact of the health education. Likewise,the prevalence and intensity of the infection by Diphyllobothrium latumand Diphyllobothrium dendriticum in the introduced rainbow troutOncorhynchus mykiss, and autochthonous fishes was determined forLake Riñihue. For the 1986-1987 period, the prevalence of diphyllobothriosisin men and dogs was similar to the 1991-1992 period, but human infectionwas significantly greater in 1951 with respect to last period. The prevalenceand mean intensities of infection by D. dendriticum in rainbow troutpresented significant differences, with greater parameters in 1986-1987.For D. latum, prevalence and mean intensity were similar in bothperiods. The prevalence and intensity of infection by Diphyllobothriumspp. did not present significant differences among the seasons. Onlythe prevalence of infection by D. dendriticum presented significantdifferences with respect to the sex of the trout. Trout length had an influenceon the prevalence of diphyllobothriosis. Among autochthonous fishes, thesilverside, Basilichthys australis, the puye Galaxias maculatusand the perch Percichthys trucha are reported for the first timein Chile, as hosts of D. dendriticum. Only trout and perch presenteddiphyllobothriosis in muscles. The diet of adult trout and perch suggeststhat they become infected principally through the consumption of otherfish. Infection of cauque, Cauque mauleanum, silversides, puyesand young perch would be through the consumption of copepods

La diphyllobothriosis es una infección zoonótica que enAmérica del Sur afecta a salmónidos introducidos y pecesautóctonos de Chile y Argentina. En 1991-1992 se determinóla prevalencia de diphyllobothriosis en el hombre y perro domésticodel sector ribereño del lago Riñihue para comparar con datosde 1986-1987 y 1951 y evaluar el impacto de la actividad educativa en elsector. Asimismo, se determinó la prevalencia e intensidad de infecciónpor Diphyllobothrium spp. en truchas arco iris, O. mykissy peces autóctonos del lago Riñihue. Las prevalencias dediphyllobothriosis en el hombre y en perro doméstico resultaronsimilares para 1986-1987 y 1991-1992, pero la prevalencia de infecciónhumana fue significativamente menor en el último períodorespecto a 1951. La prevalencia e intensidad de infección por D.dendriticum fueron significativamente menores en 1991-1992 respectoa 1986-1987. Los parómetros de infección para D. latumresultaron similares en ambos períodos para O. mykiss. Lasprevalencias e intensidades de infección por Diphyllobothriumspp. no mostraron diferencias significativas en distintas estaciones delaño. La prevalencia de infección por D. dendriticummostró diferencias significativas en truchas de distinto sexo ymayor talla. Las prevalencias de Diphyllobothrium spp. fueron mayoresen truchas de mayor talla. Los pejerreyes Basilichthys australis,puyes Galaxias maculatus y percas Percichthys trucha se registranpor primera vez como huéspedes de D. dendriticum enChile. Sólo truchas y percas presentaron infección muscularconsideróndose de mayor importancia en su trasmisión al hombre.En truchas y percas adultas la principal fuente de infección seríanlos puyes; mientras que cauques, Cauque mauleanum, percas juveniles,puyes y pejerreyes se infectarían a través del consumo decopépodos.

Durante os anos de 1982 a 1986, a investigação sobre mamíferos comensais e silvestres, da periferia da cidade de Jacobina, Bahia, mostrou, ao lado do escasso número de exemplares, uma reduzida variedade específica dessa fauna. Capturou-se apenas 11 espécies, entre as quais, predominou o Didelphis albiventris, que abrangeu 44% dos 213 espécimens capturados. Entre os 193 com exames já concluídos, 84 eram exemplares de D. albiventris e 2 estavam infectados pela Leishmania donovani senso lato, 1 por L. mexicana amazonensis, 1 por L. braziliensis, subespécie e 3 por Trypanosoma cruzi Também foram observadas formas suspeitas de serem amastigotas de leishmanics, nos esfregaços de órgãos de 3 exemplares de Dasyprocta aguti, 1 Cercomys cunicularius - e 1 Oryzomys eliurus. 0 restante dos exemplares, inclusive 14 de Lycalopex vetulus, estava negativo para flagelados. Apesar de reforçado por outros indicadores epidemiológicos, como a predominância específica, a freqüência domiciliar, a atratividade para a vetora Lutzomyia longipalpis, e a concomitância com casos humanos nos mesmos locais, o índice de 2,3% de infecção natural do Didelphis albiventris, não autoriza a conclusão definitiva de ser o marsupial o mais importante reservatório natural da leishmaniose visceral em Jacobina.

From 1982 to 1986, investigations on the natural infection with leishmanias of the sylvatic and commensal mammals were carried out around the city of Jacobina, Bahia, one of the oldest endemic foci of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil. The species of Marsupialia Didelphis albiventris predominated, with the rate of 44%, over the total of 213 specimens belonging to only 11 different species of mammals collected there. Among the 84 specimens of D. albiventris examined, 2(2.3%) were infected with Leishmania donovani sensu lato; 1 with L. mexicana amazonensis, 1 with L. braziliensis sub species, and 3 with Trypanosoma cruzi. Also, amastigote suspected bodies were seen in the smears of spleens and livers of 3 Dasyprocta aguti, 1 Cercomys cunnicularius and 1 Oryzomys sp. Although strengthened by some epidemiological evidences, such as specific predominancy, peri domestic and domestic occurrence, attractivenessfor the vector Lutzomyia longipalpis and the concomitancy with human cases of visceral leishmaniasis at the same place, the low rate of the natural infection of D. marsupialis still do not allow a definitive conclusion that the oppossum is a primary and the most important reservoir of visceral leishmaniasis in Jacobina.