RESUMO: Este trabalho descreve os aspectos radiográficos e clínico-patológicos de um caso de osteoartropatia hipertrófica em um ovino, macho, de sete anos de idade, da raça Santa Inês. Os principais sinais clínicos consistiram em claudicação dos membros torácicos e pélvicos, rigidez, crepitação e aumento das articulações úmero-radio-ulnar e femoro-tibio-patelar, rigidez na coluna cervical e severa lordose das vértebras toracolombares. Dispneia, secreção nasal e respiração abdominal também foram observadas. No exame radiográfico dos membros torácicos e pélvicos, foram observadas osteoartrose com formação de osteófitos em ponte, calcificação intra-articular e reação do periósteo. À necropsia notou-se osteofitose bilateral nas articulações umerorradioulnar, femorotibiopatelar e interfalangiana e fusão dos corpos das vértebras torácicas T5-T6 e T12-T13. Microscopicamente, havia áreas extensivas de fibrose pulmonar e as articulações afetadas encontravam-se expandidas pela proliferação de tecido ósseo recém-formado e trabecular, bem demarcado na epífise. O periósteo também estava expandido por tecido conjuntivo fibroso que se estendia dentro e entre o novo osso proliferado. Com base nestes achados, osteoartropatia hipertrófica, que é uma condição inusual em ovinos, foi diagnosticada.

ABSTRACT: This research described the radiological, clinical and pathological aspects of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy in a seven-year-old Santa Inês ram. The main clinical features were lameness of the thoracic and pelvic limbs, rigid, cracking and enlarged of the humeroradial, humeroulnar and tibiofemoral joints, cervical spine stiffness, and severe lordosis of the thoracolumbar vertebrae. Dyspnea, nasal discharge and abdominal breathing were also observed. On radiographic examination of the thoracic and pelvic limbs, osteoarthrosis with the formation of osteophyte bridging, intra-articular calcification and periosteum reaction were observed. At necropsy were reported bilateral osteophytosis in the humeroradial, humeroulnar, tibiofemoral and interphalangeal joints, and fusion of the bodies of thoracic vertebrae T5-13 T6 and T12-T13. Microscopically, extensive areas of fibrosis were observed in the lungs and the affected joints were thickened by well demarcated and perpendicular orientated woven and trabecular bone proliferation in the epiphysis. The periosteum was also expanded by fibrous connective tissue that extended into and between the new proliferated bone. Based on these findings, hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, which is an unusual condition in sheep, was diagnosed.

RESUMO: Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar as mudanças comportamentais relacionadas a reprodução e lesões no sistema reprodutor de caprinos intoxicados por Ipomoea brasiliana. A planta foi coletada e administrada na dose de 4g/kg (800μg swainsonina/kg) para dois grupos de caprinos durante 45 dias. Os caprinos do Grupo I foram eutanasiados no 46º dia do experimento e os caprinos do Grupo II no 120º dia. O Grupo III foi constituído por caprinos que não receberam I. brasiliana e foram eutanasiados no 120º dia de experimento. Alterações comportamentais reprodutivas foram observadas a partir de 20 dias de experimento e consistiram em ausência do comportamento de corte, ausência de reflexo de Flehmen, diminuição ou perda de libido e incapacidade de realizar a monta natural. Após 120 dias, os caprinos do Grupo II não apresentaram regressão de alterações reprodutivas. Os principais defeitos observados no sêmen dos caprinos que consumiam I. brasiliana foram gotas citoplasmáticas, caudas dobradas e caudas destacadas. Os principais achados histopatológicos consistiram em vacuolização citoplasmática das células da linhagem germinativa e células de Sertoli; comprometimento generalizado da maturação das espermatogônias com esfoliação de células degeneradas; presença de fragmentos celulares e raros espermatócitos anormais no lúmen dos túbulos seminíferos e ausência de células de Leydig. Os resultados confirmam a hipótese de que o consumo de I. brasiliana causa degeneração testicular em caprinos.

ABSTRACT: Swainsonine-containing plants comprise a group of important poisonous plants in Brazil. This research aimed to characterize both the behavioral changes related to reproduction and appearance of lesions in the reproductive system of bucks poisoned by Ipomoea brasiliana. I. brasiliana plants were collected and administered at a dose of 4g/kg (800µg swainsonine/kg) to two groups of bucks for 45 days. Goats from Group I were euthanized on the 46th day of the experiment, and goats from Group II were euthanized on the 120th day. Group III was composed of goats that did not receive I. brasiliana and were euthanized on the 120th day of the experiment. Reproductive behavioral changes were observed starting on day 20 and were characterized by an absence of courtship behavior, and Flehmen reflex, decrease or loss of libido and inability to perform mating. After 120 days, Group II goats showed no regression of the changes in their reproductive behavior or improvement of their seminal parameters. The main defects observed in the sperm of goats that consumed I. brasiliana were cytoplasmatic droplets, bent tails and detached tails. The main histopathological findings were reported in tests, with cytoplasmic vacuolization of germline and Sertoli cells, generalized impairment of spermatogonia maturation with exfoliation of degenerative cells, cell fragments, rare abnormal spermatocytes in the seminiferous lumen and disappearance of Leydig cells. Results of this study confirmed the hypothesis that I. brasiliana causes testicular degeneration in male goats.

RESUMO: Objetivou-se verificar a qualidade microbiológica das águas destinadas ao cultivo de ostra da Baía do Iguape, Bahia, e sua correlação com os fatores ambientais e variações de maré. Foram coletadas 36 amostras de água superficial de três viveiros de cultivo, totalizando 12 coletas. A população de coliformes totais e coliformes termotolerantes foi determinada por meio da técnica de tubos múltiplos - Número Mais Provável (NMP.100 mL-1). Foram estabelecidas como variáveis ambientais pH, temperatura, salinidade, turbidez, precipitação pluviométrica e maré. Observou-se que a população de coliformes totais e coliformes termotolerantes nos três viveiros monitorados variou de <1,8 a 1.600 NMP.100 mL-1 e <1,8 a 350 NMP.100 mL-1, respectivamente, constatando-se que os viveiros apresentam boa qualidade microbiológica da água superficial. Quanto à influencia dos fatores ambientais na densidade microbiana, foi obtida uma correlação positiva quanto à precipitação pluviométrica e negativa para temperatura e turbidez. Considerando os dados do presente estudo, verifica-se que a população de coliformes aumentou nos meses mais chuvosos e em maré de sizígia. É necessário realizar o monitoramento microbiológico e ambiental de águas destinadas à aquicultura por favorecer a produção segura e sustentável de ostra, uma vez que os parâmetros de qualidade podem sofrer influências climáticas e variações temporais.

ABSTRACT: The objective was to verify the microbiological quality of water used in oyster cultivation in Iguape Bay, Bahia, and its correlation with environmental factors and tidal variations. Thirty six samples of surface water were collected from three oyster cultivation areas, totalizing 12 collections. The concentrations of total and thermotolerant coliforms were determined using the multiple tube test - Most Probable Number (MPN.100 mL-1). The environmental variables assessed in the water samples were: pH, temperature, salinity, turbidity, rainfall and tidal. Total coliforms and thermotolerant coliforms MPN values ranged from <1.8 to 1,600 MPN.100 mL-1 and from <1.8 to 350 MPN.100 mL-1, respectively. The oyster cultivation areas presented good microbiological quality of surface water. The influence of environmental factors on microbial density was obtained as a positive correlation with rainfall and negative correlation with temperature and turbidity. Considering the data from this study, there was an increase of the population of coliforms in the rainy season and spring tide. Thus, it is necessary to carry out microbiological and environmental monitoring of water intended for aquaculture because it promotes safe and sustainable production of oyster, since the quality parameters can suffer weather influences and seasonal variations.

RESUMO: Este trabalho tem como objetivo descrever um caso de neuropatia periférica em um caprino com deficiência de cobre e destaca as características clínicas e patológicas da doença. O caprino apresentava baixo escore corporal, hiporexia, alopecia, acromotriquia, protração do membro posterior esquerdo, com arrastar de pinça do membro posterior, dificuldade para se levantar e anemia microcítica normocrômica. A concentração sérica de cobre estava significantemente baixa (2.0µmol L-1), enquanto a concentração de ferro estava alta (51.0µmol L-1). O principal achado de necropsia consistiu em redução do volume do músculo quadríceps vasto lateral. Histologicamente, havia atrofia do músculo quadríceps vasto lateral, infiltrado linfocítico, presença de células satélites, macrófagos e substituição das fibras musculares por tecido conjuntivo. No nervo femoral, havia degeneração axonal com dilatação da bainha de mielina e presença de vacúolos, geralmente em cadeia, contendo, ocasionalmente, restos axonais ou macrófagos. Os achados clínicos, laboratoriais e patológicos são compatíveis com neuropatia periférica devido à deficiência severa de cobre.

ABSTRACT: This report aimed to describe a case of peripheral neuropathy in a copper-deficient goat, and highlights the clinical, and pathological features of the disease. The goat had low body score, hyporexia, alopecia, achromotrichia, left hindlimb protraction, paralysis with dragging of digit and difficulty to stand up and microcytic normochromic anemia. Copper concentration in serum was markedly lower (2.0µmol L-1) whereas the iron serum content was significantly increased (51.0µmol L-1). The main gross alteration was the reduction of the quadriceps vastus laterallis muscle volume. Histologically, there was atrophy of the quadriceps vastus laterallis muscle and presence of satellite cells, infiltration of lymphocytes, macrophages and replacement of the fibers by connective tissue. In the femoral nerve, there was axonal degeneration with myelin sheath expansion and presence of vacuoles, usually in chains and containing axonal debris or macrophages. Clinical, laboratorial and pathologic findings are consistent with peripheral neuropathy due to a severy copper deficiency.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e patológicos da intoxicação por Palicourea aeneofusca em bovinos, no Agreste de Pernambuco, e comprovar se é possível induzir aversão alimentar à intoxicação por P. aeneofusca em bovinos criados sob manejo extensivo. Para determinar a ocorrência da intoxicação, foram visitadas 30 propriedades em cinco municípios do Agreste de Pernambuco. Três surtos de intoxicação em bovinos foram acompanhados. Para se induzir aversão alimentar condicionada ao consumo de P. aeneofusca, 12 bovinos foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos de seis animais cada. Os bovinos foram pesados e receberam, no cocho, folhas verdes de P. aeneofusca, na dose de 35mg kg-1 de peso corporal, para consumo espontâneo. Os bovinos do GC receberam água (1mL kg-1 de peso corporal), via sonda esofágica, após a primeira ingestão da planta, e os demais constituíram o GTA, que foram induzidos à aversão com cloreto de lítio (LiCl - 175mg kg-1 de peso corporal), via sonda esofágica. Para os bovinos do GTA, a indução de aversão a P. aeneofusca, em que se utilizou dose única de LiCl, persistiu por 12 meses. Por outro lado, os bovinos do grupo GC continuaram ingerindo a planta em todos os testes realizados, indicando a ausência de aversão. Este trabalho comprova que o condicionamento aversivo usando LiCl foi eficaz para prevenir a intoxicações por P. aeneofusca por um período de, pelo menos, 12 meses.

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical, and pathological aspects of Palicourea aeneofusca poisoning in cattle in the region of Pernambuco, Brazil and to determine if it is possible to induce food aversion by P. aeneofusca poisoning in cattle raised under extensive management conditions. To determine the occurrence of poisoning, 30 properties were visited in five municipalities of the region of Pernambuco. Three outbreaks of poisoning of cattle were monitored. To induce conditioned food aversion by the consumption of P. aeneofusca, 12 animals were randomly distributed into two groups of six animals each. Cattle were weighed and received green P. aeneofusca leaves in their trough at a dose of 35mg kg-1 body weight for spontaneous consumption. The control group (CG) animals received water (1ml kg-1 body weight) via a feeding tube after the first ingestion of the plant, while the other animals, constituting the aversion test group (ATG), underwent induced aversion with lithium chloride (LiCl - 175mg kg-1 body weight) via a feeding tube. For the ATG cattle, the aversion to P. aeneofusca induced by a single dose of LiCl persisted for 12 months. In contrast, the CG animals continued to consume the plant in all tests performed, indicating the absence of aversion. This study showed that aversive conditioning using LiCl was effective in preventing poisoning by P. aeneofusca for a period of at least 12 months.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of angico bark extract (Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil) in the healing process of the skin of rats.METHODS: Twenty adult male rats were divided into four groups of five animals each, according to the respective postoperative days, as follow: G4, G7, G14 and G21. Each group received two incisions on skin and subcutaneous tissue in the right and left antimere of the thoracic region, separated by a distance of 2 cm. The right lesion was treated daily with saline and the left with the angico alcoholic extract (5%). At the end of each experimental period, the animals were euthanized and fragments of the wound area with the edges were removed, fixed in 10% formaldehyde solution and processed for paraffin embedding. Histological sections (5 μm of thickness) were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE), Gomori trichromic and picrosisirus red for morphological and morphometric analyses. Statistical analysis was done by ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer test (p<0.05).RESULTS: Morphological analysis showed larger fibroblasts and a higher concentration of collagen fibers in skyn wounds treated with the angico extract. Morphometric analysis demonstrated a significant increase in the number of fibroblasts at 7th and collagen in 7th and 14th days (p<0.01) in wounds treated with the angico extract.CONCLUSION: The angico alcoholic extract (Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil) induces the acceleration of wound healing in skin wounds of rats.

PURPOSE:To evaluate wound contraction and the concentration of mast cells in skin wounds treated with 5% BPT essential oil-based ointment in rats.METHODS:Twenty rats, male, of adult age, were submitted to skin surgery on the right (RA) and left antimeres (LA) of the thoracic region. They were divided into two groups: control (RA - wounds receiving daily topical application of vaseline and lanolin) and treated (LA - wounds treated daily with the topical ointment). The skin region with wounds were collected at days 4, 7, 14 and 21 after surgery. Those were fixed in 10% formaldehyde and later processed for paraffin embedding. Sections were obtained and stained by H.E for histopathology analysis. The degree of epithelial contraction was measured and mast cell concentration were also evaluated.RESULTS:The treated group showed higher mast cell concentrations (p<0.05) associated with increased contraction at day 7 and 14 respectively.CONCLUSION: Ointment containing 5% Brazilian pepper tree oil increases mast cell concentration and promotes skin wound contraction in rats.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the performance of composites consisting of fragmented cortical bone heteroimplant in association with methylmethacrylate preserved in 98% glycerin, in segmental bone defect of rabbit tibia medial metaphysis. METHODS: In this study were used twelve adult New Zealand rabbits, divided into three groups of four animals each: G30 (30 days), G60 (60 days) and G90 (90 days). The bone defects previously created in the tibia were filled with composites and both were evaluated by cone-beam computed tomography, immediately after surgery and after 30, 60, and 90 days. RESULTS: The composites fulfilled and remained in the sites of bone defects in all cases and were not registered signals of infection, migration or rejection. CONCLUSIONS: The implanted composites promoted the bone defects repair without signals of infection and/or rejection. The composites are one more option for bone defects repair.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of copaiba oil ointment (Copaifera langsdorffii) on dorsal skin flaps in rats. METHODS: Adult male rats (n=30) were distributed into three groups of ten animals each, as follows: GC - control; GCA - absolute control and GT - treated with copaiba ointment. The rats were subjected to dorsal cutaneous skin flap surgery and the animals from the GC and GT received post-operative treatment for eight consecutive days. The animals from the GCA group did not receive treatment while the animals from the GC group received daily topical treatment of ointment without the active ingredient and the animals from the GT group were daily treated with 10% copaiba oil ointment. At the end of each experimental period the lesions were evaluated according to the percentage of necrotic area. Then, fragments from cranial, median and caudal parts were fixed in Boüin's solution and processed for paraffin embedding. The morphology of histological sections (5µm) was evaluated and the number of leucocytes, fibroblasts and blood vessels was also analyzed. The data obtained were submitted to ANOVA test complemented by Tukey-Kramer test (p<0.05). RESULTS: The necrotic area was lower in the group treated with copaiba ointment when compared to the control groups (GCA>GC and GT), while the morphology showed larger granulation tissue with bulky fibroblasts and collagen fibers more arranged in the GT group. The morphometry showed a significant higher number of blood vessels in the median and caudal parts (GT>GCA and GC), leucocytes in the cranial part (GT>GC>GCA), and also fibroblasts in the median (GT and GC> GCA) and caudal parts (GT>GC and GCA) (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The copaiba oil ointment favors angiogenesis and accelerates the viability of random skin flaps in rats.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of aroeira (Schinus terebinthifolius) ointment on skin wound healing in rats. METHODS: Adult male rats (n=20) were divided into four groups of five animals each, as follows: G4, G7, G14 and G21, which corresponds to 4th, 7th, 14th and 21th days postoperatively. Each animal were made two incisions on the skin, including the subcutaneous tissue, in the right and left sides of thoracic region, separated by a distance of two inches. The right lesion was treated with base ointment (vaseline, lanolin); the left one was treated with base ointment containing 5% of aroeira oil. At the end of each experimental period the lesions were evaluated for the contraction degree. Then held the collection of fragments that were fixed in 10% formalin and processed for paraffin embedding. In the histological sections (5μm) was evaluated the morphology and quantified the collagen and blood vessels. The data obtained were submitted to ANOVA test complemented by Tukey-Kramer test (p<0.05). RESULTS: The contraction of the lesions was higher in wounds treated with aroeira oil than in controls at 7th and 14th days (p<0.01), whereas in the 21st day all lesions were already completely healed. The morphology showed granulation tissue more developed, with fibroblasts more bulky and collagen fibers more arranged in the experimental group at 4th, 7th and 14th days. The morphometry showed a significant increase in the quantification of collagen fibers in the experimental group at 7th and 14th days (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The aroeira oil accelerates the healing process of wounds as a macroscopic, morphological and morphometrical analysis.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos do extrato de angico (Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil) na cicatrização em pele de ratos. MÉTODOS: Ratos machos adultos (n=20) foram distribuídos em quatro grupos de cinco animais cada, a saber: G4, G7, G14 e G21, o que corresponde a quatro, sete, 14 e 21 dias de pós-operatório. Cada grupo recebeu duas incisões na pele compreendendo o tecido subcutâneo, nos antímeros direito e esquerdo da região torácica, separadas por uma distância de dois cm. A lesão esquerda com extrato alcoólico de angico (5%), iniciando-se logo após a cirurgia por 21 dias consecutivos. Ao final de cada período (4, 7, 14 e 21 de pós-operatório) experimental foram coletados fragmentos da área da ferida, fixada em formol a 10% e processadas para inclusão em parafina. Nos cortes histológicos com 5 µm de espessura, foram realizados métodos imunoistoquímicos para detecção dos vasos sanguíneos (VEGF) e coloração pela hematoxilina para análise morfológica. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise estatística ANOVA complementada pelo teste de Tukey-Kramer (p<0,05). RESULTADOS: A análise morfológica mostrou fibroblastos mais volumosos e alta concentração de fibras colágenas no 7º e 14º dias nas feridas tratadas com extrato de angico. A análise morfométrica demonstrou aumento significativo no número de vasos sanguíneos no sétimo e 14º dias (p<0,01) de pós-operatório em feridas tratadas com extrato de angico. CONCLUSÃO: O extrato hidroalcoólico a 5% da casca e entrecasca do angico (Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil) acelera a neoangiogênese em feridas cutâneas de ratos.

PURPOSE: To study the effects of the angico extract (Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil) on the healing of rat skin. METHODS: Twenty adult rats were divided into four groups of five animals each, the G4, G7, G14 and G21, which corresponds to the respective postoperative days. Each group received two incisions on skin and subcutaneous tissue in the right and left antimere of the thoracic region, separated by a distance of 2 cm. The right lesion was treated daily with saline and the left with the angico alcoholic extract (5%). At the end of each experimental period, animals were euthanized and fragments of the wound area, together with the edges were removed, fixed in 10% formaldehyde solution and processed for paraffin embedding. In the histological sections with 5 µm of thickness, were carried out immunohistochemical methods for detection of blood vessels (VEGF) and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for morphological analysis. Statistical analysis was done by ANOVA and Tukey test (p<0.05). RESULTS: Morphological analysis showed larger fibroblasts and a higher concentration of collagen fibers in days 7 and 14 in wounds treated with the angico extract. Morphometric analysis demonstrated a significant increase in the number of blood vessels in both the seventh and 14th days (p<0.01) in wounds treated with the angico extract. CONCLUSION: The angico alcoholic extract (Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil) induces the acceleration of wound healing in skin wounds of rats.