L-histidine was analyzed in this work as a corrosion inhibitor for AISI 1018 carbon steel in chloride solution, without (pH 7) and with carbon dioxide saturation (pH 4). Mass loss methods and electrochemical tests were used. In a medium with pH 4 saturated with CO2, the inhibition efficiency values (IE%) did not reach 34%. For the pH 7 condition, an inhibition efficiency of up to 89% was observed. The values corroborated with the quantum chemistry and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, showing that the histidine molecule is responsible for the excellent inhibition potential. A Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) study and a thermogravimetric study (TGA) of the amino acid were also carried out. The substrate surface was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Lhistidine L 101 solution 4. . 4) used CO2 CO IE% IE (IE% 34 34% condition 89 observed DFT (DFT calculations potential FTIR (FTIR TGA (TGA out 10 (IE 3 8 1

Resumo Este estudo aborda os efeitos do processamento na microestrutura e nas propriedades de compósitos alumina-mulita via sinterização reativa de uma mistura argila caulinítica e hidróxido de alumínio. Amostras prensadas a 40 MPa foram sinterizadas entre 1300 e 1600 °C. As propriedades tecnológicas foram determinadas em função da temperatura de sinterização. A avaliação das fases cristalinas e da microestrutura foi realizada por difração de raios X e microscopia eletrônica. Os resultados indicaram a obtenção de mulita e alumina a partir de 1300 °C. Para sinterizações acima de 1450 °C foram obtidos valores de porosidade aparente inferiores a 0,8% e tensão de ruptura à flexão superior a 40 MPa. Amostras com morfologia bimodal (grãos equiaxiais e alongados) e resistência mecânica de 70 MPa foram obtidas após sinterização a 1600 °C. Este estudo demonstra a possibilidade de preparar compósitos alumina-mulita de baixo custo e com propriedades tecnológicas compatíveis com as de cerâmicas produzidas por companhias com grande atuação no mercado internacional de produtos refratários.

Abstract This work aimed to evaluate the effects of processing on microstructure and properties of alumina-mullite composites via reactive sintering of a mixture of kaolinite clay and aluminum hydroxide. Cylindrical pellets were pressed at 40 MPa and sintered between 1300 and 1600 °C. The technological properties were determined as a function of sintering temperature. The evaluation of crystalline phases and microstructure was performed by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. Structural results indicate the attainment of mullite and alumina at 1300 °C. Apparent porosity below 0.8% and flexural strength higher than 40 MPa were obtained for sintering temperatures above 1450 °C. A flexural strength as high as 70 MPa was obtained after sintering at 1600 °C. This study demonstrates the possibility of preparing low cost alumina-mullite composites with technological properties compatible with those of ceramics produced by companies with large operations in the international market of refractory products.

Autonomic neuropathy is a frequent complication of diabetes associated with higher morbidity and mortality in symptomatic patients, possibly because it affects autonomic regulation of the sinus node, reducing heart rate (HR) variability which predisposes to fatal arrhythmias. We evaluated the time course of arterial pressure and HR and indirectly of autonomic function (by evaluation of mean arterial pressure (MAP) variability) in rats (164.5 ± 1.7 g) 7, 14, 30 and 120 days after streptozotocin (STZ) injection, treated with insulin, using measurements of arterial pressure, HR and MAP variability. HR variability was evaluated by the standard deviation of RR intervals (SDNN) and root mean square of successive difference of RR intervals (RMSSD). MAP variability was evaluated by the standard deviation of the mean of MAP and by 4 indices (P1, P2, P3 and MN) derived from the three-dimensional return map constructed by plotting MAPn x [(MAPn+1) - (MAPn)] x density. The indices represent the maximum concentration of points (P1), the longitudinal axis (P2), and the transversal axis (P3) and MN represents P1 x P2 x P3 x 10-3. STZ induced increased urinary glucose in diabetic (D) rats compared to controls (C). Seven days after STZ, diabetes reduced resting HR from 380.6 ± 12.9 to 319.2 ± 19.8 bpm, increased HR variability, as demonstrated by increased SDNN, from 11.77 ± 1.67 to 19.87 ± 2.60 ms, did not change MAP, and reduced P1 from 61.0 ± 5.3 to 51.5 ± 1.8 arbitrary units (AU), P2 from 41.3 ± 0.3 to 29.0 ± 1.8 AU, and MN from 171.1 ± 30.2 to 77.2 ± 9.6 AU of MAP. These indices, as well as HR and MAP, were similar for D and C animals 14, 30 and 120 days after STZ. Seven-day rats showed a negative correlation of urinary glucose with resting HR (r = -0.76, P = 0.03) as well as with the MN index (r = -0.83, P = 0.01). We conclude that rats with short-term diabetes mellitus induced by STZ presented modified autonomic control of HR and MAP which was reversible. The metabolic control may influence these results, suggesting that insulin treatment and a better metabolic control in this model may modify arterial pressure, HR and MAP variability