ABSTRACT When implementing path analysis between technological and nutritional traits in common bean without considering the degree of multicollinearity, it is important to assess whether there will be errors in indirect selection. This study proposed: to assess path analysis under different degrees of multicollinearity for technological and nutritional traits in common bean; and to recognize the degree of multicollinearity that allows an accurate interpretation of direct and indirect effects of these traits for the indirect selection of fast-cooking. Then, 10 technological traits and seven nutritional traits were measured in 25 common bean cultivars obtained across four experiments. Path analysis was carried out using different degrees of multicollinearity: severe (including all traits), moderate to strong (excluding three traits), and weak (excluding four traits). The magnitude and algebraic sign of direct and indirect effects between technological and nutritional traits varied when path analysis was performed using different degrees of multicollinearity. With severe multicollinearity (condition number = 6,798.28), regression coefficient values were excessively high and in an unfavorable direction for selection. Under weak multicollinearity (condition number = 66.21), the value and sign of the generated correlation coefficients were more in line with the biological phenomenon studied, allowing for an accurate interpretation of the direct and indirect effects of technological and nutritional traits on cooking time. Indirect selection based on the lowest values of mass of 100 grains and calcium concentration is recommended in this study for the selection of fast-cooking common bean cultivars. proposed fastcooking. fastcooking fast cooking. Then 1 2 experiments including traits, , traits) excluding traits. . condition 6,798.28, 679828 6,798.28 6 798 28 6,798.28) 66.21, 6621 66.21 66 21 66.21) studied time 67982 6,798.2 79 662 66.2 6798 6,798. 7 66. 679 6,798 67 6,79 6,7 6,

ABSTRACT The number of experiments that provides greater detail in the differentiation of common bean genotypes for grain physical traits and minerals in cluster analysis is not known. This study was undertaken to determine the number of experiments necessary to more accurately differentiate common bean genotypes for grain physical traits and minerals in cluster analyses. Seven traits of grain physical quality and the concentration of six minerals were evaluated in 17 common bean genotypes with carioca (9) and black (8) grains. Statistical analyses were performed in data obtained from one, two, three and four experiments. A significant genotype × experiment interaction occurred for all traits, except for the potassium concentration. Tocher’s and the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) cluster analyses were efficient in differentiating common bean genotypes by grain type when the data obtained from one experiment were considered. However, the use of data obtained from four experiments made it possible to recognize differences regarding grain lightness and brightness as well as the other traits. Four experiments are need for the Tocher’s and the UPGMA cluster analyses to more accurately differentiate carioca and black bean genotypes for grain physical traits and minerals. known 1 9 (9 8 (8 grains two Tochers Tocher s (UPGMA considered However (

ABSTRACT An approach to the number of experiments that should be used in correlation analyses aimed at increasing efficiency in indirect selection for grain yield is unprecedented for common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). We hypothesize that trait correlation estimates vary in response to the growing environment. This study was undertaken to investigate the correlations between plant architecture and yield traits in common bean lines and to determine the minimum number of experiments required by Pearson’s linear correlation analysis to increase efficiency in indirect selection for grain yield. Seventeen common bean genotypes were evaluated for 17 agronomic traits in four experiments. Pearson’s linear correlation analyses were carried out using data from individual experiments and different combinations of growing seasons and years. Ten out of the 17 agronomic traits showed a significant genotype × environment interaction effect, meaning that common bean genotypes exhibited variation for most of the traits evaluated in different growing seasons and years, which resulted in changes in the correlation estimates between these traits. Pearson’s linear correlation estimates obtained between plant architecture and yield traits varied in significance, magnitude, and sign when data from individual experiments and combinations of growing seasons and years were considered. The number of grains per pod is the most promising agronomic trait used in indirect selection for grain yield in common bean lines. Data from at least three experiments should be used in Pearson’s linear correlation analysis to achieve greater efficiency in indirect selection for grain yield in common bean lines.

RESUMO Estimativas de ganho genético para caracteres da qualidade tecnológica obtidas ao longo dos anos permitem analisar se as mudanças realizadas atendem a preferência dos consumidores, o que representa uma importante inovação para os programas de melhoramento de feijão. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram obter estimativas de ganho genético para caracteres da qualidade tecnológica de grãos em linhagens de feijão e analisar se as modificações efetuadas foram favoráveis em um contexto de sustentabilidade e de segurança alimentar e nutricional das próximas gerações. Um total de 24 experimentos foram conduzidos entre os anos de 2010 a 2022, avaliando 75 linhagens de feijão. O ganho genético dos caracteres da qualidade tecnológica foi determinado pelo método de Vencovsky (1988), adaptado para biênios. Efeito significativo para genótipo foi observado para a maioria dos caracteres, evidenciando que há variabilidade genética. Massa de 100 grãos e absorção de água apresentaram ganho genético negativo de -2,91% e de -0,55% por ano, respectivamente, indicando redução nestes caracteres. Ganho genético nulo foi constatado para o valor de L* (luminosidade) e para tempo de cozimento, evidenciando um platô nesses caracteres. A maioria das linhagens de feijão apresenta valores de L* adequados para grãos carioca (L* ≥ 53) e preto (L* ≤ 22), massa de 100 grãos de 20 a 25 g e cozimento rápido (≤ 25 min). As novas cultivares de feijão lançadas para o cultivo na região Sul do Brasil têm alta qualidade tecnológica, sendo favoráveis em um contexto de sustentabilidade e de segurança alimentar e nutricional das próximas gerações. consumidores gerações 2 201 2022 7 1988, 1988 , (1988) biênios genética 10 2,91% 291 91 -2,91 0,55% 055 0 55 -0,55 ano respectivamente L luminosidade (luminosidade (L 53 22, 22 22) ( min. min . min) 202 198 (1988 1 2,91 29 9 -2,9 0,55 05 5 -0,5 19 (198 2,9 -2, 0,5 -0, (19 2, -2 0, -0 (1 -

ABSTRACT Estimating the genetic gain obtained for technological quality traits over the years makes it possible to analyze whether the changes made meet consumer preferences, which represents an important innovation for common-bean breeding programs. The objectives of this study were to obtain genetic gain estimates for technological grain quality traits of common bean lines and investigate whether the modifications made were favorable in the context of sustainability and food and nutritional security for the coming generations. Twenty-four experiments were conducted between the years 2010 and 2022 and a total of 75 common bean lines were evaluated. Genetic gains of technological grain quality traits were determined by the Vencovsky’s (1988) method adapted for biennia. There was a significant effect of genotype for most traits evaluated, which shows the existence of genetic variability. Mass of 100 grains and water absorption had a negative genetic gain of -2.91% and -0.55% per year, respectively, indicating a reduction in these traits. Genetic gain was zero for L* value (lightness) and cooking time, denoting a plateau for these traits. Most of the common bean lines exhibit adequate L* values for carioca (L* ≥ 53) and black (L* ≤ 22) bean grains; a mass of 100 grains from 20 to 25 g; and fast cooking (≤ 25 min). The new common bean cultivars released for cultivation in the southern region of Brazil have high technological grain quality, being favorable in a context of sustainability and food and nutritional security for the coming generations. preferences commonbean programs generations Twentyfour Twenty four 201 202 7 evaluated Vencovskys Vencovsky s 1988 (1988 biennia variability 10 2.91% 291 2 91 -2.91 0.55% 055 0 55 -0.55 year respectively L lightness (lightness time (L 53 22 g ( min. min . min) 198 (198 1 2.91 29 9 -2.9 0.55 05 5 -0.5 19 (19 2.9 -2. 0.5 -0. (1 2. -2 0. -0 -

ABSTRACT The determination of the number of experiments required to achieve high coincidence in identifying significant correlations between culinary quality traits and/or mineral concentrations is unprecedented for common bean. The objectives of this study were to evaluate correlations between culinary quality traits and minerals in common bean lines considering data from individual and combined experiments; define the minimum number of experiments that provide high coincidence in identifying significant correlations; and identify promising traits for indirect selection. For this, seven traits related to culinary quality and the concentration of six minerals in grains of 17 common bean genotypes were evaluated. Pearson’s linear correlation analysis was performed on data obtained from four individual experiments and six combinations of experiments. Twelve of the 13 evaluated traits showed a significant genotype × environment interaction effect, indicating that the common bean genotypes exhibited differences in culinary quality and mineral concentration when these were determined in different experiments. Pearson’s linear correlation coefficients vary in significance, sign, and/or magnitude for the traits analyzed in individual and combined experiments. The use of data from three experiments provides a high coincidence percentage in identifying significant correlations in Pearson’s linear correlation analysis. Common bean lines with high culinary quality and greater mineral concentration can be indirectly selected based on higher L* values (grain lightness) and higher calcium concentrations. andor or selection 1 Pearsons Pearson s effect significance sign L grain lightness

ABSTRACT: The selection of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) lines based on grain quality and mineral concentration traits will be more efficient if a minimum number of experiments is established. This study was carried out to determine whether grain quality and mineral concentration traits are significantly affected by the genotype × environment interaction; to estimate heritability and genetic gain in individual and combined experiments; and to select superior common bean lines considering a minimum number of experiments. A total of 17 common bean genotypes were evaluated in four experiments. Grain quality was determined through seven traits, and the concentration of six minerals was analyzed by acid digestion. Statistical analyses were completed using data obtained from both individual (I, II, III and IV) and combined (I and II; I, II and III; and I, II, III and IV) experiments. Except for the potassium concentration, all traits showed a significant genotype × environment interaction effect. Heritability and genetic gain estimates of grain quality and mineral concentration traits varied when the data were obtained from one or more experiments. Genetic gain may be inflated because of the data being based on one or two experiments. Four carioca bean (BRS MG Uai, LP 09-33, LEC 01-16 and Pérola) and four black bean (TB 02-19, CHP 04-239-52, TB 03-11 and IAC Netuno) genotypes were selected for their high grain quality and mineral concentration based on four experiments. Data from at least four experiments should be used to select common bean lines superior in grain quality and mineral concentration traits to increase the efficiency of simultaneous selection.

RESUMO A caracterização da diversidade genética de genótipos de feijão para vários caracteres agronômicos permite selecionar parentais promissores e identificar genótipos de alto desempenho agronômico. Nesse contexto, foram objetivos desse trabalho avaliar a diversidade genética de variedades locais e cultivares de feijão para 14 caracteres agronômicos, estudar as correlações entre esses caracteres, definir cruzamentos promissores e selecionar genótipos com alto desempenho agronômico. Um total de 49 genótipos de feijão foram avaliados em três épocas de cultivo, sendo 37 variedades locais e 12 cultivares de feijão. Efeito significativo da interação genótipo x ambiente ou de genótipo foi observado para todos os caracteres agronômicos e isso possibilita o estudo da divergência genética. Vários caracteres da arquitetura de planta foram correlacionados, enquanto que a produtividade de grãos mostrou alta correlação com a inserção da última vagem (r = 0,74), o número de vagens por planta (r = 0,74) e a massa de 100 grãos (r = - 0,64). O método de agrupamento Vizinho mais Distante separou os genótipos de feijão em dois grupos Mesoamericano e Andino, pois a massa de 100 grãos apresentou a maior contribuição para a diferenciação entre os genótipos. O método de Tocher foi mais informativo e dividiu os genótipos de feijão em 12 grupos. Os seguintes cruzamentos são recomendados Vagem Roxa × IPR Juriti, Vagem Roxa × Macanudo, Fepagro Triunfo × IPR Juriti, Fepagro Triunfo × Macanudo, Guapo Brilhante × IPR Juriti e Guapo Brilhante × Macanudo. Os genótipos de feijão Fepagro Triunfo, IPR Juriti, Guapo Brilhante, BRS Campeiro e Vagem Roxa apresentam alto desempenho agronômico e deverão ser selecionados pelo programa de melhoramento.

ABSTRACT The characterization of genetic diversity in common bean genotypes for various agronomic traits enables the selection of promising parents and the identification of genotypes with high agronomic performance. The present study proposes to evaluate the genetic diversity of common bean landraces and cultivars for 14 agronomic traits; examine the correlations between these traits; define promising crosses; and select genotypes with high agronomic performance. A total of 49 common bean genotypes were evaluated in three growing seasons, consisting of 37 landraces and 12 common bean cultivars. Significant effects of genotype × environment interaction or genotype were observed for all agronomic traits, thereby allowing the study of genetic divergence. Several plant-architecture traits were correlated with each other, whereas grain yield was highly correlated with insertion of the last pod (r = 0.74), number of pods per plant (r = 0.74) and mass of 100 grains (r =-0.64). The furthest-neighbor method separated the common bean genotypes into two groups, Mesoamerican and Andean, and mass of 100 grains showed the greatest contribution to the differentiation between the genotypes. Tocher's method was more informative and divided the common bean genotypes into 12 groups. The following crosses are recommended: Vagem Roxa × IPR Juriti, Vagem Roxa × Macanudo, Fepagro Triunfo × IPR Juriti, Fepagro Triunfo × Macanudo, Guapo Brilhante × IPR Juriti, and Guapo Brilhante × Macanudo. The common bean genotypes Fepagro Triunfo, IPR Juriti, Guapo Brilhante, BRS Campeiro and Vagem Roxa have high agronomic performance and should thus be selected by the breeding program.

ABSTRACT: Simultaneous selection for various agronomic traits, cooking time and mineral concentration are major challenges for common-bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) breeding programs. The authors of this study proposed to analyze genetic gain estimates obtained by direct and indirect selection using selection indices and economic weights for 13 traits, and to determine the most efficient selection strategy for the simultaneous selection of fast cooking, mineral-biofortified common bean cultivars with high agronomic performance. For this purpose, three experiments were carried out in different growing seasons to evaluate 49 common bean cultivars of different grain types. Agronomic performance was evaluated based on six traits; cooking time was determined using a Mattson cooker; and the concentration of six minerals was analyzed in samples of raw grains. Significant genotype × environment interaction or genotype effects were observed for all traits, indicating the existence of genetic variability. Direct selection resulted in high genetic gain estimates for individual traits, but caused undesirable changes in one or more of the traits under selection. The classic, base, desired-gains and rank-sum selection indices tested with six economic weights do not provide genetic gain estimates favorable to the selection of all traits. The multiplicative index is the best selection strategy for use in the breeding program when aiming at the simultaneous selection of fast cooking, mineral-biofortified common bean cultivars with high agronomic performance.

ABSTRACT. The development of early and upright common bean cultivars is necessary to meet the demand of producers. The objectives of this work were to evaluate more precise experimental statistics for the selection of early and upright common bean lines and identify the traits that provide better genetic differentiation between lines. For this purpose, 156 common bean lines of different grain colours were evaluated in 23 experiments carried out in the southern region of Brazil between 1998 and 2015. The traits related to earliness (flowering and cycle) and upright plant architecture (lodging, insertion of the first pod and insertion of the last pod) were evaluated with high experimental precision by determining F-test values for genotype (Fc), heritability (h2), and selective accuracy (SA). In the experiments with Fc ≥ 2.00, h2 ≥ 49.00%, and SA ≥ 0.70, the best genetic differentiation of early common bean lines was performed by the cycle; and the best genetic differentiation of common bean lines with upright plant architecture was carried out by the insertion of the first and the last pod.

RESUMO O desenvolvimento de cultivares de feijão de ciclo precoce, de arquitetura ereta e de alta produtividade de grãos representa vantagens mercadológicas para os produtores. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar se as linhagens de feijão diferem quanto aos caracteres fenológicos, da arquitetura de planta e da produção, estudar as correlações entre esses caracteres e selecionar linhagens precoces, de arquitetura ereta e com alta produtividade de grãos. Para tanto, 14 linhagens de feijão foram avaliadas em duas épocas de cultivo em Santa Maria - RS, Brasil. Diferenças significativas entre as linhagens de feijão foram observadas para todos os caracteres avaliados, exceto para a altura de inserção da primeira vagem, o comprimento do quarto e do quinto entrenó. As quatro melhores linhagens selecionadas pelo índice multiplicativo foram CNFP 10794, CNFC 10762, DF 06-09 e BRS Valente. A linhagem CNFP 10794 apresenta precocidade (floração e ciclo), arquitetura de planta ereta (menores escores de nota geral de adaptação, acamamento e fenótipo stay green) e alta produtividade de grãos (maiores valores de número de vagens por planta, número de grãos por planta, massa de 100 grãos e produtividade de grãos). A massa de 100 grãos apresentou correlação positiva com a produtividade de grãos (r= 0,68). A seleção indireta pela maior massa de 100 grãos é de moderada eficiência para aumentar a produtividade de grãos em feijão. A linhagem CNFP 10794 apresenta precocidade, arquitetura de planta ereta e maior produtividade de grãos e será selecionada pelo programa de melhoramento.

ABSTRACT The development of common bean cultivars with early cycle, upright plant architecture, and high grain yield represents marketing advantages to bean farmers. This study aimed to evaluate whether common bean inbred lines differ for phenological, plant architecture, and grain yield traits; analyze the correlations between these traits; and select early and upright common bean lines with high grain yield. To this end, 14 common bean inbred lines were evaluated in two growing seasons in Santa Maria - RS, Brazil. Common bean inbred lines showed significant differences for all traits, except for insertion of the first pod and length of the fourth and fifth internodes. The four superior common bean lines selected by the multiplicative index were CNFP 10794, CNFC 10762, DF 06-09, and BRS Valente. CNFP 10794 presents earliness (flowering and cycle), upright plant architecture (lower values of general adaptation score, lodging, and stay-green phenotype) and high grain yield (higher values of number of pods per plant, number of grains per plant, mass of 100 grains, and grain yield). Mass of 100 grains showed a positive correlation with grain yield (r= 0.68). The indirect selection using mass of 100 grains is of intermediate efficiency to increase grain yield in common bean. CNFP 10794 presents earliness, upright plant architecture, and high grain yield and will be selected for the breeding program.

RESUMO O desenvolvimento de novas cultivares de feijão comum que atendam à demanda de padrão de grãos com maior aceitação para o consumo e de cozimento rápido é uma tendência recente em programas de melhoramento. Objetivou-se verificar se há diferenças entre linhagens de feijão comum, quanto aos caracteres morfológicos de grãos e tempo de cozimento, investigar as relações lineares entre esses caracteres e o tempo de cozimento e selecionar linhagens superiores em padrão comercial de grão e de rápido cozimento. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de 14 genótipos de feijão, em duas épocas de cultivo. As linhagens diferiram quanto à massa de 100 grãos, comprimento, largura, espessura, forma, achatamento, porcentagem de absorção de água e tempo de cozimento dos grãos. Estimativa de correlação positiva e de alta magnitude foi obtida entre a espessura dos grãos e o tempo de cozimento (r = 0,9727). Na análise de trilha, constatou-se que a espessura dos grãos apresentou o maior efeito direto positivo sobre o tempo de cozimento (0,62). Portanto, linhagens de feijão comum de cozimento rápido podem ser selecionadas indiretamente, com base na menor espessura do grão. A linhagem DF 06-17 apresenta padrão de grão aceito pelo mercado e consumidor e rápido cozimento.

ABSTRACT The development of new common bean cultivars with grain characteristics that achieve greater acceptance by consumers and faster cooking time is a recent trend in bean breeding programs. This study aimed at evaluating whether different common bean lines exhibit differences in grain morphological traits and cooking time, investigating the linear relationships between these traits and cooking time, and selecting lines with superior grain commercial characteristics and faster cooking times. A randomized blocks design with three replications was used. Treatments consisted of 14 common bean genotypes grown during two seasons. Differences in the mass of 100 grains and grain length, width, thickness, shape, flatness, percentage of water uptake and cooking time were observed between lines. A high positive correlation was observed between grain thickness and cooking time (r = 0.9727). The path analysis revealed that grain thickness had the highest positive direct effect on cooking time (0.62). Therefore, fast-cooking common bean lines can be indirectly selected based on lower grain thicknesses. The DF 06-17 line presents fast-cooking grains with characteristics well accepted by the market and consumers.

A seleção para a produtividade de grãos, combinada com caracteres fenológicos e morfológicos de interesse agrícola, representa avanços tecnológicos para o feijão. Os objetivos desse trabalho foram avaliar parâmetros genéticos e a eficiência dos métodos de condução de populações segregantes Genealógico e Descendência de uma Única Semente (SSD) na obtenção de linhagens de feijão superiores para a produtividade de grãos, a precocidade e a arquitetura de plantas. Para tanto, foram avaliadas 136 linhagens obtidas pelo método Genealógico e 136 linhagens obtidas pelo método SSD em delineamento látice simples 17 x 17, integrando as 272 linhagens em geração F7 e as 17 cultivares testemunhas. Estimativas de herdabilidade em sentido restrito moderada foram obtidas para a produtividade de grãos, o acamamento e a altura de inserção da primeira vagem. O ciclo e a nota geral de adaptação apresentaram herdabilidade baixa em geração F7. O método Genealógico permite a obtenção de maior número de linhagens com alta produtividade de grãos, de ciclo precoce e de menor nota geral de adaptação (melhor adaptação). A seleção pelo método Descendência de uma Única Semente possibilita a identificação de maior número de linhagens com menores notas de acamamento e com maior altura de inserção da primeira vagem.

Selection for grain yield, combined with phenological and morphological characteristics of agricultural interest, represents technological advances in the common bean. The objectives of this work were to estimate genetic parameters and the efficiency of both the Pedigree and Single-Seed Descent (SSD) methods for progression segregating populations in order to obtain common bean lines superior in grain yield, precocity and plant architecture. To do this, 136 inbred lines obtained using the Pedigree method, and 136 inbred lines obtained by SSD method were evaluated in a 17 x 17 simple lattice design, integrating the 272 inbred lines in the F7 generation and 17 cultivars as control. Estimates of moderate narrow sense heritability were obtained for grain yield, lodging and insertion of the first pod. The cycle and general adaptation note showed low heritability for the F7 generation. The Pedigree method allows obtaining a greater number of lines of high grain yield, early cycle and a lower general adaptation note (best adaptability). Selection using the Single-Seed Descent method allows the identification of a larger number of lines with lower notes for lodging and higher insertion of the first pod.

O melhoramento genético da qualidade nutricional do feijão representa vantagens mercadológicas e contribui para a sociedade em termos de fonte de alimento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a variabilidade genética para a produtividade de grãos e para a concentração de cálcio e de ferro em grãos de linhagens de feijão obtidas por diferentes métodos de melhoramento. Para tanto, 136 linhagens F7 foram obtidas pelo método Genealógico e 136 linhagens F7 foramobtidas pelo método Descendência de uma Única Semente (SSD). As linhagens de feijão apresentaram variabilidade genética para produtividade de grãos, concentração de cálcio e de ferro em grãos independentemente do método de condução da população segregante. O método Genealógico permitiu obter maior número de linhagens com alta produtividade de grãos. A seleção usando o método SSD possibilitou a identificação de maior número de linhagens com alta concentração de cálcio e de ferro nos grãos. Correlação negativa de baixa magnitude foi observada entre a produtividade de grãos e as concentrações de cálcio (r = -0,0994) e de ferro (r = -0,3926). Várias linhagens apresentam superioridade genética para a produtividade de grãos e para concentrações de cálcio e de ferro nos grãos, e a seleção destas linhagens pode resultar em novas cultivares de feijão com alta qualidade nutricional.

Genetic improvement of common bean nutritional quality has advantages in marketing and can contribute to society as a food source. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic variability for grain yield, calcium and iron concentrations in grains of inbred common bean lines obtained by different breeding methods. For this, 136 F7 inbred lines were obtained using the Pedigree method and 136 F7 inbred lines were obtained using the Single-Seed Descent (SSD) method. The lines showed genetic variability for grain yield, and concentrations of calcium and iron independently of the method of advancing segregating populations. The Pedigree method allows obtaining a greater number of lines with high grain yield. Selection using the SSD method allows the identification of a larger number of lines with high concentrations of calcium and iron in grains. Weak negative correlations were found between grain yield and calcium concentration (r = -0.0994) and grain yield and iron concentration (r = -0.3926). Several lines show genetic superiority for grain yield and concentrations of calcium and iron in grains and their selection can result in new common bean cultivars with high nutritional quality.

O feijão comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) é uma importante fonte de cobre na nutrição humana. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a existência de efeito materno para a concentração de cobre em sementes de feijão comum, estimar a herdabilidade e os ganhos na seleção em gerações precoces para o caráter concentração de cobre e avaliar o potencial para o melhoramento genético. Os cruzamentos controlados foram realizados entre as cultivares IAPAR 44 x IAPAR 31 e Diamante Negro x TPS Bonito. As gerações F1, F1 recíproco, F2 e F2 recíproco, bem como as populações de retrocruzamentos foram obtidas para cada combinação híbrida. A faixa de variação da concentração de cobre entre as progênies testadas foi de 1,07 a 7,75 mg kg-1 de matéria seca, e nenhum efeito materno significativo foi detectado. A herdabilidade em sentido restrito foi de intermediária (51,98%) a alta (61,99%). Um incremento de 46,78% foi obtido para a concentração de cobre nas sementes utilizando os quatro parentais testados nesse trabalho.

The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important source of copper in human nutrition. The objective of this research was to investigate the possible maternal effects on copper concentrations in the seeds of the common bean, to estimate the heritability and the selection gains in early hybrid generations for the characteristic of copper concentration and to evaluate the potential for genetic improvement. The controlled crossings were performed among IAPAR 44 x IAPAR 31 and Diamante Negro x TPS Bonito cultivars. The reciprocal F1, and F2 generations, as well as the backcross populations, were produced by each hybrid combination. The range of variation in the copper concentration among the tested progenies was from 1.07 to 7.75 mg kg-1 dry matter, and no significant maternal effect was discovered. A narrow-sense heritability was of an intermediate (51.98%) to high (61.99%) value. A 46.78% increase in the copper concentration was obtained in the seeds using only the four parents tested in this study.

O feijão é uma importante fonte de minerais e de proteína para a nutrição humana. O objetivo desse trabalho foi investigar a existência de efeito materno na expressão do teor de fósforo em sementes de feijão, obter estimativas de herdabilidade em gerações precoces e avaliar o potencial do melhoramento para esta característica. Os cruzamentos dirigidos foram realizados entre as cultivares Pérola x Guapo Brilhante e TPS Nobre x Guapo Brilhante. As gerações F1, F1 recíproco, F2, F2 recíproco e retrocruzamentos foram obtidas para cada combinação híbrida. O teor de fósforo variou de 3,38 a 5,78 g kg-1 de matéria seca e nenhum efeito materno significativo foi observado. Herdabilidade em sentido restrito de intermediária (65,54 %) a baixa (21,37 %) foi observada. Um incremento de 19,17 % foi obtido para o teor de fósforo em sementes de feijão, usando os três genitores testados neste estudo.

The common bean is an important source of minerals and protein in human nutrition. The objective of this study was to investigate possible maternal effects on phosphorus contents in seeds of the common bean, to estimate the heritability in early hybrid generations for the phosphorus content character and to evaluate the potential for genetic improvement. The controlled crossings were performed among Pérola x Guapo Brilhante and TPS Nobre x Guapo Brilhante cultivars. Reciprocal F1, and F2 generations as well as backcross populations were produced by each hybrid combination. The range of variation in phosphorus content among tested progenies was from 3.38 to 5.78 g kg-1 dry matter, and no significant maternal effect was discovered. Narrow sense heritability was of an intermediate 65.54% to low 21.37 % value. An increase of 19.17 % was obtained for phosphorus content in the seeds using just the three parents tested in this study.