ABSTRACT: The feasibility of enhancing oat cereal bars, widely recognized for their health benefits, was investigated by replacing up to 5% oats with whole seed, almond, or steam-cooked pinhão husk flour. Pinhão contributes with resistant starch, antioxidant compounds, and minerals. The control oat bar (30.5% of the mixture), without pinhão flours but containing brown sugar (25.5%), raisins (15.0%), glucose (15.0%), coconut oil (3.0%), gelatin (0.5%), and water (10.0%), provides 75.53 kcal, with 15.66% carbohydrates (on a dry basis), 2.88% insoluble fiber, 0.70% soluble fiber, 1.82% protein, 0.62% lipids, and 0.32% minerals. Bars replacing up to 5% of oats with almond, husk, or whole seed flour showed statistically similar compositions, except for lipids, few minerals, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity. Concerning daily recommendations, a 22 g bar offers low energy (3.78%, Brasil, 1998) and proportionally high mineral content, including potassium (34.64%), zinc (81.58%), magnesium (108.55%), iron (421.18%), copper (192.98%), calcium (395.13%), and manganese (1,027.00%). Additionally, they exhibit a significant content of total phenolic compounds (8.66 mg GAE/g) and antioxidant capacity (24.43 mg Trolox/g). These innovative bars were well-received in sensory evaluations and demonstrated good commercial potential. Notably, a bar that replaced 5% oats with husk flour could be a viable option for microenterprises due to simplified technology, contributing to waste valorization and encouraging the preservation of the Araucaria Forest. ABSTRACT benefits 5 almond steamcooked steam cooked starch minerals 30.5% 305 30 (30.5 mixture, mixture , mixture) 25.5%, 255 25.5% 25 (25.5%) 15.0%, 150 15.0% 15 0 (15.0%) 3.0%, 3.0% 3 (3.0%) 0.5%, 05 0.5% (0.5%) 10.0%, 100 10.0% 10 (10.0%) 7553 75 53 75.5 kcal 1566 66 15.66 on basis, basis basis) 288 2 88 2.88 fiber 070 70 0.70 182 1 82 1.82 protein 062 62 0.62 lipids 032 32 0.32 compositions activity recommendations 3.78%, 378 78 (3.78% Brasil 1998 34.64%, 3464 34.64% 34 64 (34.64%) 81.58%, 8158 81.58% 81 58 (81.58%) 108.55%, 10855 108.55% 108 55 (108.55%) 421.18%, 42118 421.18% 421 18 (421.18%) 192.98%, 19298 192.98% 192 98 (192.98%) 395.13%, 39513 395.13% 395 13 (395.13%) 1,027.00%. 102700 1,027.00% . 027 00 (1,027.00%) Additionally 8.66 866 8 (8.6 GAE/g GAEg GAE 24.43 2443 24 43 (24.4 Trolox/g. Troloxg Trolox/g Trolox Trolox/g) wellreceived well received potential Notably technology Forest 30.5 (30. 25.5 (25.5% 15.0 (15.0% 3.0 (3.0% 0.5 (0.5% 10.0 (10.0% 755 7 75. 156 6 15.6 28 2.8 07 0.7 1.8 06 0.6 03 0.3 3.78% 37 (3.78 199 346 34.64 (34.64% 815 81.58 (81.58% 1085 108.55 (108.55% 4211 421.18 42 (421.18% 1929 192.98 19 9 (192.98% 3951 395.13 39 (395.13% 10270 1,027.00 02 (1,027.00% 8.6 86 (8. 24.4 244 4 (24. 30. (30 25. (25.5 15. (15.0 3. (3.0 0. (0.5 10. (10.0 2. 1. 3.78 (3.7 34.6 (34.64 81.5 (81.58 108.5 (108.55 421.1 (421.18 192.9 (192.98 395.1 (395.13 1027 1,027.0 (1,027.00 8. (8 24. (24 (3 (25. (15. (3. (0. (10. 3.7 34. (34.6 81. (81.5 108. (108.5 421. (421.1 192. (192.9 395. (395.1 102 1,027. (1,027.0 ( (2 (25 (15 (0 (10 (34. (81. (108. (421. (192. (395. 1,027 (1,027. (1 (34 (81 (108 (421 (192 (395 1,02 (1,027 (42 (19 (39 1,0 (1,02 (4 1, (1,0 (1,

RESUMO: A viabilidade de aprimorar barras de cereal de aveia, produtos amplamente reconhecidos por seus benefícios à saúde, foi investigada pela substituição até 5% da aveia por farinha de semente inteira, da amêndoa ou da casca do pinhão cozido a vapor. O pinhão pode contribuir com amido resistente, compostos antioxidantes e minerais. A barra controle de aveia (30,5% da mistura), sem farinhas de pinhão, contendo açúcar mascavo (25,5%), passas (15,0%), glicose (15,0%), óleo de coco (3,0%), gelatina (0,5%) e água (10,0%) disponibiliza 75,53 kcal, com 15,66% de carboidratos (base seca), 2,88% de fibras insolúveis, 0,70% de fibras solúveis, 1,82% de proteínas, 0,62% de lipídios e 0,32% de minerais. Barras substituindo até 5% de aveia por farinha de amêndoa, casca ou semente integral apresentaram geralmente composição estatisticamente similar, exceto para lipídeos, alguns minerais, compostos fenólicos e atividade antioxidante. Quanto a demanda diária, uma barra de 22g fornece baixa energia (3,78%) e proporcionalmente altos teores de minerais, como potássio (34,64%), zinco (81,58%), magnésio (108,55%), ferro (421,18%), cobre (192,98%), cálcio (395,13%) e manganês (1.027,00%). Além disso, essa barra exibe conteúdo relevante de compostos fenólicos totais (8,66 mg GAE/g) e capacidade antioxidante (24,43 mg Trolox/g). Essas barras inovadoras foram bem-aceitas sensorialmente e mostraram bom potencial comercial. Notavelmente, uma barra que substituiu 5% da aveia por farinha de casca pode ser uma opção viável para microempresas devido a tecnologia simplificada, contribuindo para a valorização deste resíduo e incentivando a preservação da Floresta com Araucárias. RESUMO saúde 5 inteira vapor resistente minerais 30,5% 305 30 (30,5 mistura, mistura , mistura) 25,5%, 255 25,5% 25 (25,5%) 15,0%, 150 15,0% 15 0 (15,0%) 3,0%, 3,0% 3 (3,0%) 0,5% 05 (0,5% 10,0% 100 10 (10,0% 7553 75 53 75,5 kcal 1566 66 15,66 base seca, seca seca) 288 2 88 2,88 insolúveis 070 70 0,70 solúveis 182 1 82 1,82 proteínas 062 62 0,62 032 32 0,32 similar lipídeos diária g 3,78% 378 78 (3,78% 34,64%, 3464 34,64% 34 64 (34,64%) 81,58%, 8158 81,58% 81 58 (81,58%) 108,55%, 10855 108,55% 108 55 (108,55%) 421,18%, 42118 421,18% 421 18 (421,18%) 192,98%, 19298 192,98% 192 98 (192,98%) 395,13% 39513 395 13 (395,13% 1.027,00%. 102700 1.027,00% . 027 00 (1.027,00%) disso 8,66 866 8 (8,6 GAE/g GAEg GAE 24,43 2443 24 43 (24,4 Trolox/g. Troloxg Trolox/g Trolox Trolox/g) bemaceitas bem aceitas comercial Notavelmente simplificada Araucárias 30,5 (30, 25,5 (25,5% 15,0 (15,0% 3,0 (3,0% 0,5 (0,5 10,0 (10,0 755 7 75, 156 6 15,6 28 2,8 07 0,7 1,8 06 0,6 03 0,3 3,78 37 (3,78 346 34,64 (34,64% 815 81,58 (81,58% 1085 108,55 (108,55% 4211 421,18 42 (421,18% 1929 192,98 19 9 (192,98% 395,13 3951 39 (395,13 10270 1.027,00 02 (1.027,00% 8,6 86 (8, 24,4 244 4 (24, 30, (30 25, (25,5 15, (15,0 3, (3,0 0, (0, 10, (10, 2, 1, 3,7 (3,7 34,6 (34,64 81,5 (81,58 108,5 (108,55 421,1 (421,18 192,9 (192,98 395,1 (395,1 1027 1.027,0 (1.027,00 8, (8 24, (24 (3 (25, (15, (3, (0 (10 34, (34,6 81, (81,5 108, (108,5 421, (421,1 192, (192,9 395, (395, 102 1.027, (1.027,0 ( (2 (25 (15 (1 (34, (81, (108, (421, (192, (395 1.027 (1.027, (34 (81 (108 (421 (192 (39 1.02 (1.027 (42 (19 1.0 (1.02 (4 1. (1.0 (1.

Abstract Electrical energy generation through Photovoltaic Systems (PV) is a promising strategy to meet the growing demand for sustainable energy sources. However, PV creates a dilemma when considering the competition for cultivation areas with agriculture in a scenario of high need for affordable and high-quality food. On the other hand, the agrivoltaic (Agri-PV) process allows the production of electrical energy by PV, with a consortium production of at least 62% of the traditional planting. This review proposes a comprehensive analysis of trends related to the production and application of bioactive compounds, using the case of peppermint (Mentha x piperita L.) in an Agri-PV process with the generation of secondary metabolites as an additive for the food industry. The hybrid herb peppermint is grown through vegetative propagation using rhizomes. The location of this plant in the shading area of the PV modules is viable. It can be improved according to PV arrangements used in static or dynamic systems or internally artificially lit greenhouses. In this case, the electricity generated must illuminate with specific LEDs, control photoperiodism, nourish and hydrate the plant to avoid stress. This process makes it possible to generate mixtures of bioactive substances, such as essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation and natural mint extract by solid-liquid extraction. These mixtures can enhance the sensory properties of juices, milk, and fruits, extend the shelf life of food products, and safeguard consumer health. (PV sources However highquality quality hand AgriPV Agri (Agri-PV 62 planting compounds Mentha L. L industry rhizomes viable greenhouses LEDs photoperiodism stress substances solidliquid solid liquid extraction juices milk fruits products health 6

RESUMO: A Araucaria angustifolia caracteriza as Florestas Ombrófilas mistas. Este pinheiro do Paraná tem tido grande importância econômica, cultural e social para o Sul do Brasil. Seu corte está restrito, pois está ameaçada de extinção e o uso de sua semente tem sido incentivado. Este estudo destaca as pesquisas científicas sobre esta conífera por análise bibliométrica e revisa as tendências de novas pesquisas sobre sua semente e algumas de suas aplicações alimentícias. A base de dados Web of Science© revelou 620 artigos científicos e a análise bibliométrica por meio do VOSviewer demonstrou o interesse mundial em ascendência. O aumento das pesquisas nas áreas de silvicultura, fitociência e ecologia refletem à preocupação com a preservação das Matas das Araucárias. Concomitantemente, pesquisas em ciência e tecnologia de alimentos têm aumentado, pois a semente de pinhão pode produzir uma farinha alimentar rica em amido com baixa resposta glicêmica e fonte de fibra dietética e de alguns minerais. Ainda, junto com sua casca, disponibilizar compostos bioativos com potencial de aplicação nas indústrias de alimento especial, de embalagem ativa/inteligente e reforçada e, até mesmo, farmacológica. RESUMO mistas econômica Brasil restrito incentivado alimentícias Science 62 ascendência silvicultura Araucárias Concomitantemente aumentado minerais Ainda casca especial ativainteligente ativa inteligente mesmo farmacológica 6

ABSTRACT: Araucaria angustifolia characterizes mixed Ombrophilous Forests. This Paraná pine tree has been of great economic, cultural and social importance for southern Brazil. Its cutting is restricted, as it is threatened with extinction and the use of its seed has been encouraged. This study highlights scientific research on this conifer by bibliometric analysis and reviews trends in new research on its seed and some of its food applications. The Web of Science© database revealed 620 scientific articles and the bibliometric analysis through VOSviewer showed the worldwide interest in growing. The increase in research in the areas of silviculture, phytoscience and ecology reflects the concern with the preservation of “Matas das Araucárias”. Concurrently, research in food science and technology has increased, as pine nut seed can produce starch-rich food flour with low glycemic response and source of dietary fiber and some minerals. Also, along with its husk, provide bioactive compounds with potential application in the special food, active/smart and reinforced packaging and even pharmacological industries. ABSTRACT Forests economic Brazil restricted encouraged applications Science 62 growing silviculture Matas Araucárias. Araucárias . Araucárias” Concurrently increased starchrich starch rich minerals Also husk activesmart active smart industries 6

Abstract Chinese star anise essential oil (EO) is prized for its pleasant aroma and mainly due to its antioxidant capacity (AC), which can combat cancer and treat neurodegenerative diseases. This study shows the innovative approach of optimizing not only EO yield, but also to therapeutic activity. The product obtained follows the principle of the Pure Food and Drug Act and of eco-friendly technology. Also, the best analytical control methodology of the active principle during industrial production was also defined. The AC was found to be dependent on the extraction conditions, and the best antioxidant performance was reported after 3h of hydrodistillation time, using 500 mL distilled water and 8% dry fruits whose granulometry was inferior to 425 μm. Although all four analytical methodologies used for assessing AC are precise, they cannot be correlated. The antioxidant potential was 59.6±1.1 mg GAE/g EO for TP; 14.3±0.5 mmol TEAC/g EO for FRAP; 25.7±0.8 mmol TEAC/g EO for ABTS and 23.5±0.3 mmol TEAC/g EO for DPPH. The EO exhibited better AC than the trans-anethole and D-limonene standards, suggesting a positive synergistic effect. The DPPH method exhibited a good coefficient of determination (R²=0.9311) and has the advantage of using a solvent compatible with the EO.

RESUMO A avaliação de ciclo de vida (ACV) é uma técnica de estimativa de impactos ambientais, como emissão de gases de efeito estufa (CO2eq), para geração de produto ou realização de processo. O objetivo deste estudo foi estabelecer a pegada de carbono para a produção da margarina e da manteiga com uso das normas ISO e PAS aplicadas a uma empresa de alimentos localizada na região Sul do Brasil desde a etapa do campo até a sua forma embalada com unidade funcional de 500 g para distribuição. Três cenários foram abordados para a margarina (óleos de soja provenientes do Sul e do Centro-Oeste com e sem desmatamento por queimada) e dois para manteiga (com alocação por massa e econômica). A modelagem foi realizada com dados primários de produção agrícola e da empresa e secundários do ecoinvent ® . A pegada da manteiga com alocação econômica (2,91 kg de CO2eq) foi maior do que a da margarina produzida com soja da mesma região (1,32 kg de CO2eq). Entretanto, esse coproduto autônomo da indústria de laticínio requer alocação mássica para evitar supervalorização, sendo de fato a menor pegada (0,63 kg de CO2eq). A utilização de grãos de soja do Centro-Oeste aumentou a pegada da margarina (1,58 kg de CO2eq), tendo sido muito intensificado quando empregado desmatamento por queimada (2,69 kg de CO2eq). A produção de leite foi o fator deletério preponderante para a manteiga. Para a margarina, houve duas situações distintas, sua fabricação quando se usa soja da mesma região ou a produção do grão quando este for proveniente de região distante desmatada por queimada.

ABSTRACT Life Cycle Assessment is a technique for estimating environmental impacts, such as the emission of greenhouse gases (CO2eq), for manufacturing product or process realization. The objective of this study was to establish the carbon footprint for the production of margarine and butter using ISO and PAS standards applied to a food company, located in the southern region of Brazil, from the field stage to its packed form with a functional unit of 500 g for distribution. Three scenarios were addressed for margarine (soybean oil from the South and the Midwest with and without burned deforestation) and two for butter (with mass and economic allocation). The modeling was performed with primary data from the agricultural and industrial production, and secondary data from ecoinvent ® . The economically allocated butter footprint (2.91 kg CO2eq) was higher than that of margarine produced with soybeans from the same region (1.32 kg CO2eq). However, this autonomous co-product of the dairy industry requires mass allocation to avoid overvaluation, being in fact the smallest footprint (0.63 kg CO2eq). The use of soybeans from the Midwest increased margarine’ footprint (1.58 kg CO2eq) and was greatly intensified with burned deforestation (2.69 kg CO2eq). Milk production was the predominant deleterious factor for butter. For margarine there were two other distinct occasions, which were the manufacture when soy from the same region is used or the production with soybeans from a distant region deforested by burning.

Resumo A floração de cianobactérias é consequência da eutrofização em ambiente lêntico e é atribuída ao aporte de nutrientes relacionado à ação antrópica, além de condições geográficas e físico-químicas. Parâmetros de qualidade da água da bacia de Alagados, que abastece Ponta Grossa, foram determinados entre 08/2013 e 08/2014 para avaliar seus efeitos na ocorrência de floração. Alguns parâmetros foram encontrados fora dos limites, como pH (9,1), OD (4,2 mg L-1), DBO (39 mg L-1), PT (0,86 mg L-1) e número de células de cianobactérias (372.536 céls mL-1); CONAMA 357/05 classe II e Portaria 2.914/11 do Ministério da Saúde. A piora da qualidade da água da represa durante a floração foi confirmada com uso do Índice de Qualidade de Água. A floração de Cylindrospermopsis sp. demandou uso suplementar de insumos químicos no tratamento de água, como coagulante (19,6%), polímero (21,0%) e carvão ativado (1.889%), com correspondente aumento de custo em 58%. A Análise de Componentes Principais de dados históricos (01/2003 a 08/2014) não discriminou as classes de níveis de cianobactérias (< 2.000, 2.000-20.000, 20.000-50.000 e > 50.000 cél ml-1) baseadas em normas brasileiras, o que foi confirmado pela Análise Hierárquica de Agrupamentos; embora tenha confirmado correlação lógica entre alguns parâmetros (condição climática, índice pluviométrico da bacia, nível da represa e DBO-DQO). As correlações não identificadas podem ser atribuídas à adaptabilidade da Cylindrospermopsis sp. e a complexidade ecológica que demanda maior frequência de amostragem.

Abstract The cyanobacterial bloom is a consequence of eutrophication in a lentic environment. It is attributed to the contribution of nutrients related to anthropic action, as well as geographic and physico-chemical conditions. Water quality parameters of Alagados reservoir, which supplies Ponta Grossa, were determined between 08/2013 and 08/2014 to evaluate their effects on the occurrence of bloom. Some parameters, such as pH (9.1), DO (4.2 mg L-1), BOD (39 mg L-1), TP (0.86 mg L-1) and number of cyanobacterial cells (372,536 cells mL-1), were outside the limits recommended by CONAMA 357/05 for Class II and Decree 2,914/11 of the Ministry of Health. The bloom was predominantly caused by the overdevelopment of Cylindrospermopsis sp. and required additional use of chemical products in the treatment of municipal water supplies, to include coagulant (19.6%), polymer (21.0%) and activated carbon (1,889%), with a corresponding cost increase of 58%. The Water Quality Index confirmed the worsening of reservoir water quality during bloom. The Principal Component Analysis of historical data (01/2003 to 08/2014) did not discriminate the cyanobacteria levels classes (< 2,000, 2,000-20,000, 20,000-50,000 and > 50,000 cells mL-1) based on Brazilian standards, which was confirmed by the Hierarchical Cluster Analysis; although it confirmed a logical correlation between some parameters (climatic condition-reservoir rainfall-reservoir level and BOD-COD). The unidentified correlations can be attributed to the adaptability of Cylindrospermopsis sp. and the ecological complexity that requires higher sampling frequency.

The potential of heterogeneous photocatalysis using TiO2 immobilized in alginate beads was evaluated for the degradation of tartrazine yellow azo dye. The treatment was performed under the action of a high-pressure mercury vapor lamp of 125 W and the degradation performance was investigated with the absorbance supplied by a photocolorimeter. Alginate beads with TiO2 were prepared and the catalyst was quantified by thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and specific area analysis (BET). The immobilization was performed as a very simple and reproductible technique. The bead diameter was approximately 1 mm and its surface presented a homogeneous dispersion of catalytic sites containing about 1-2% (w/w) of TiO2. The TiO2/alginate beads presented low density and can be easier separated than the TiO2 dispersed from the reacting medium, remaining available to be reused in another batch. The dye degradation reached 30% after 120 minutes of irradiation, for the following conditions: alcaline pH (pH=9.0), 3 g of TiO2/alginate beads and 20 mol L-1 dye concentration.

Os sedimentos do rio Belém foram removidos, e a destinação incorreta deles pode provocar impactos ambientais e custos adicionais ao município. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as alternativas de destinação e uso de sedimentos removidos em desassoreamento do rio Belém em área urbana, com base na legislação ambiental brasileira. As avaliações de destinação, ou de uso ou de ambos, foram feitas a partir de uma avaliação química preliminar de contaminantes inorgânicos (Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, Ni, Ag e Zn) e hidrocarbonetos aromáticos policíclicos (HAP) relacionada às atividades produtivas da região de contribuição do rio Belém. A avaliação das possíveis destinações e, ou, do uso do sedimento seguiu as normas e legislações ambientais brasileiras para diferentes matrizes, o que revelou ser complexa. Uma quantidade substancial de sedimentos pode ser usada para fins úteis, como solo, material de recuperação de áreas contaminadas, material de preenchimento de obras civis. Padrões ambientais específicos devem ser elaborados para discriminar usos e, ou, destinações de acordo com o desenvolvimento científico. Um protocolo de gerenciamento foi proposto, de forma a ser utilizado em futuras obras de desassoreamento.

Sediments were removed from the Belem River, and their uncertain destination may cause environmental damage and additional costs to the municipality. The aim of this study was to simulate the possibility of using an alternative allocation of the sediments based on Brazilian environmental law. The evaluation of destination and/or use was made from a preliminary chemical evaluation of inorganic contaminants (Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, Ni, Ag, and Zn) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) related to productive activities in the region. Assessment of possible allocations and/or use of the sediment were based on consultation of Brazilian environmental standards and laws for different matrices, which proved to be complex. This study revealed that a substantial amount of sediment can be used for useful purposes such as soil, material for recovery of contaminated areas, and fill material for civil works projects. Specific environmental standards must be prepared to discriminate uses and/or allocations according to the evolution of technical and scientific bases. A management protocol was proposed for use in future dredging projects, which may also be used in other municipalities.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de dois pré-tratamentos (pt) na desidratação osmo-convectiva: Pré-tratamento químico a 20°C por 5min em solução de ácido cítrico, bissulfito de sódio e carbonato de cálcio a 0,1% cada (pt-ABC) e por branqueamento a 80°C por 5min (pt-B), bem como a combinação pt-ABC seguido de pt-B (amostra:solução = 1:10 w/w). O pt-ABC provocou aumento de massa (13% em média) entretanto o pt-B perda (-34% em média). A desidratação osmótica a 20°C por 60min em solução de NaCl a 10% reduziu a massa de fatias não pré-tratadas em 43%. Esse nível de redução de massa não pode ser atingido com o uso do pt-ABC, mas melhorou para 49% para fatias submetidas ao pt-B. Os pré-tratamentos reduziram o tempo de secagem (70°C e com circulação de ar de 18m³ h-1) de 150min para 60min para atingir o nível de atividade de água do produto seco igual ou menor a do produto comercial. As fatias submetidas ao pt-ABC ou do controle apresentaram boa capacidade de reidratação. As fatias que foram submetidas aos dois pré-tratamentos apresentaram coloração mais clara e menos enrugadas após secagem, aparência similar foi observada às do pt-ABC. O pt-ABC pode ser usado para se obter fatias de champignon seco com aspecto visual e capacidade de reidratação adequados para o desenvolvimento de novos produtos para consumo direto ou que necessite reidratação.

The objective of this paper was assessments the effect of pre-treatment (pt) in osmo-convective dehydration: Chemical pretreatment at 20°C for 5min with 0.1% solution of citric acid, sodium bisulfite and calcium carbonate (pt-ABC) and bleaching at 80°C for 5min (pt-B), as well the combination pt-ABC followed by pt-B (sample:solution = 1:10 w/w). The pt-ABC provoked mass increase (13% on average), while pt-B caused loss (-34% on average). Osmotic dehydration at 20°C for 60 min with 10% NaCl reduced mass of slices not pretreated at 43%. This level of mass reduction was not achieved for the pt-ABC, but it was improved for 49% to slices subjected to pt-B. Pretreatments reduced drying time (70°C and air circulation 18m³ h-1) from 150min to 60min to achieve the desired a w. Water activity of dried product was equal to or less than the commercial product. Slices subjected to pt-ABC or from control group had good rehydration capacity. Slices subjected to combined pt and dried showed lighter color and were less wrinkled. pt-ABC allowed very similar results. The pt-ABC must be used to obtain slices of dry champignon with visual aspect and rehydration capacity suitable for the development of new products for direct consumption or require rehydration.

A composição química de três espécies de Chlorophyta foi determinada. Ulva lactuca se desenvolve em Guaraqueçaba e Ulva fasciata na Ilha do Mel, enquanto que Ulvaria oxysperma se desenvolve nos dois ecossistemas. Umidade (16-20%), cinzas (17-31%, base seca), proteínas (6-10%bs), lipídeos (0,5-3.2%bs), fibras (3-12%bs) e carboidratos (46-72%bs) para U.oxysperma correspondeu a 192-270 kcal.100g-1 (base úmida). U.lactuca (15-18%bs) e U.fasciata (13-16%bs) mostraram teores levemente maiores para a proteína, mas com conteúdos energéticos similares (250-272 e 225-239 kcal.100g-1), respectivamente. As folhas in natura de U.lactuca e de U.fasciata eram mais rígidas do que as de U.oxysperma. Outras algas nativas apresentaram teores de proteínas maiores. Ulvaria sp pode ser cultivada sobre redes, sem apresentar competição com outras algas ou ação significativa de predadores. Ulvaria sp cultivada apresentou composição química similar ao da Ulvaria sp crescida sobre substratos naturais. É essencial escolher um local protegido da ação destrutiva da maré.

Chemical composition of three species of Chlorophyta, Ulva lactuca, Ulva fasciata and Ulvaria oxysperma, was determined. Ulvaria oxysperma showed humidity (16-20%), ash (17-31% dry-base), proteins (6-10%db), lipids (0.5-3.2%db), fibers (3-12%db) and carbohydrates (46-72%db) which corresponded to 192-270 kcal.100g-1 (wet-base). U lactuca (15-18%db) and U fasciata (13-16%db) revealed grades slightly higher for proteins, but with similar energetic contents (250-272 and 225-239 kcal.100g-1), respectively. Natural blades of U lactuca and of U fasciata were more rigid than blades of U oxysperma. Other native algae showed higher protein levels. Ulvaria sp could be cultivated on the cotton-nylon net without having significance competition from other algae or predators degradation. On the other hand, it was essential choose a place without destructive tide action. Cultivated Ulvaria sp showed similar chemical composition as that grown on natural substrates.