China has experienced not only high rates of economic growth as well as an unprecedented competitive international insertion since the turn of the century. This process was not guided solely by market forces or influenced by Government intervention in the economy. Although much has been argued that China's "going global" strategy is rooted in state action, and especially its policy of exchange rate depreciation and trade policy incentives for exports and investments abroad, we argue that the major determinant of this strategy, which established the basic conditions for industrial competitiveness, was its industrial policy. The focus of this article is on the changes in China's industrial structure, emphasizing that Chinese industrial policy is a central determinant of its international insertion strategy.

Este artigo resume o papel que as novas tecnologias e as políticas governamentais têm desempenhado na evolução da indústria dos biocombustíveis no Brasil e no Leste Asiático. Ele documenta os fatores que contribuíram para que o Brasil, China, Japão e Coreia do Sul se tornassem produtores e consumidores de biocombustíveis, bem como a extensão em que essa fonte de energia tem sido efetivamente adotada em cada uma dessas economias. Em seguida, avalia a extensão do comércio e da cooperação em biocombustíveis entre os três países do Leste Asiático e o Brasil. Argumenta que o Japão é muito mais avançado em sua cooperação sobre biocombustíveis com o Brasil e que nas demais economias asiáticas existe grande potencial para maior cooperação.

This paper summarizes the role that new technologies and government policies have played in the evolution of the biofuels industry in Brazil and East Asia. It documents the factors that contributed to Brazil, China, Japan, and South Korea becoming producers and consumers of biofuels, as well as the extent to which this energy source has been effectively adopted in each of these economies. For the three East Asian countries, it then assesses the extent to which trade and cooperation on biofuels exists with Brazil. It argues that Japan is much more far advanced in its cooperation with Brazil on biofuels and asserts that there is strong potential to improve cooperation with China and South Korea.

Este trabalho apresenta as perspectivas latino-americanas e asiáticas na emergente indústria dos biocombustiveis. As possibilidades brasileiras de participação na indústria e no comércio internacional de etanol e de biodiesel são discutidas. Uma questão sobre os possíveis parceiros "estratégicos" do Brasil neste setor é levantada: os enormes mercados consumidores de países desenvolvidos ou os emergentes e também famintos consumidores asiáticos de energia?

This paper presents Latin American and Asian perspectives on the biofuels emerging industry. The Brazilian's possibilities of participation on this industry evolution and the involvement on the world trade for ethanol and biodiesel are discussed. Also, an investigation about who will be the main "strategic" partners of Brazil in this sector is made: the huge consumer markets of developed countries or the emerging and also hungry consumers of energy Asian economies?

Origins and development of Chinese Township and Village Enterprises. Township and Village Enterprises (TVEs) performed an important role during China’s rapid economic development. Based on a review of the recent literature on these "engines of growth", this study characterizes TVEs and their contribution to China’s development trajectory. It draws attention to institutions that are key to explaining TVEs, including responsibility contracts and organizational structure. It concludes that the paradigmatic experiences of TVEs have played an important role in terms of employment and export generation which contributed to China’s sustained levels of economic growth and development.

A análise das relações Brasil e Ásia constata a existência de certos esforços para um relacionamento mais consistente e abrangente entre ambos, seja no âmbito político, econômico e acadêmico. Entretanto, a taxa de intercâmbio entre eles ainda permanece muito aquém do desejável. Assim, discute-se perspectivas e possibilidades de crescimento de tal relacionamento entre os dois, como forma de fazer valer as iniciativas já correntes.

The analysis of the relations Brazil-Asia shows the existence of certain efforts towards a relationship more consistent and wider among both, politically, economically and academically. However, the exchange rate among them is still way below the desirable. Therefore, the perspectives and the possibilities of growth of such relationship among Brazil and the Asian region are discussed, as a way of confirming the initiatives already existent.

Características culturais e organizacionais japonesas e o desenvolvimento de formas eficazes de realização do trabalho.

Organizational and cultural Japanese characteristics and the development of more effective job doing.