Abstract Objectives This study aimed to assess the effect of proanthocyanidin, palm oil and vitamin E against erosive and erosive+abrasive challenges in vitro after enamel pellicle formation in situ. Methodology Bovine enamel blocks (n=84) were obtained and divided into the following treatment groups: negative control (NC) - deionized water; positive control (PC) - SnCl2/NaF/AmF-containing solution; palm oil (PO); 2% proanthocyanidin (P2); vitamin E (VitE); 2% proanthocyanidin+palm oil (P2PO); and 2% proanthocyanidin+vitamin E (P2VitE). For 5 days, one half of the sample from each group was subjected to erosion and the other half was subjected to erosion+abrasion. The acquired enamel pellicle (AEP) was pre-formed in situ for 30 minutes. The specimens were then treated in vitro with solutions (500 µl, 30s for each group). Subsequently, the blocks were left in the oral cavity for another hour to obtain the modified AEP. The blocks were immersed in 0.5% citric acid (pH=2.5) for 90s, 4×/day. AEP formation and treatment were carried out before the first and third erosive challenges, and after these challenges, abrasive cycles (15s) were performed on half of the samples. Enamel wear was quantified by profilometry and data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p<0.05). Results All groups showed higher wear when exposed to erosion+abrasion than when exposed to erosion alone (p=0.0001). PO, P2VitE, P2, and P2PO showed enamel wear similar to the PC group, but only PC, PO and P2VitE differed from the NC group. The other groups behaved similarly to NC. Conclusion It was concluded that the combination of proanthocyanidin and vitamin E was effective in reducing wear in the face of in vitro erosive and erosive+abrasive challenges. erosiveabrasive n=84 n84 n 84 (n=84 (NC water (PC SnCl2/NaF/AmFcontaining SnCl2NaFAmFcontaining SnClNaFAmFcontaining SnCl2/NaF/AmF containing SnCl2 NaF AmF SnCl solution (PO) 2 P2 P (P2) VitE (VitE) proanthocyanidinpalm PPO (P2PO) proanthocyanidinvitamin P2VitE. PVitE . (P2VitE) days erosionabrasion abrasion (AEP preformed pre formed 3 minutes 500 (50 µl s group) Subsequently 05 0 0.5 pH=2.5 pH25 pH (pH=2.5 90s 4day day 4 4×/day 15s (15s samples twoway two way Tukeys Tukey p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 (p<0.05) p=0.0001. p00001 p=0.0001 0001 (p=0.0001) n=8 n8 8 (n=8 AmFcontaining NaFAmFcontaining SnCl2NaFAmF SnClNaFAmF (PO (P2 (VitE (P2PO (P2VitE 50 (5 0. pH=2. pH2 (pH=2. p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 p0000 p=0.000 000 (p=0.0001 n= (n= NaFAmF (P ( pH=2 (pH=2 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 p000 p=0.00 00 (p=0.000 (n pH= (pH= p<0 (p<0. p=0.0 (p=0.00 (pH p< (p<0 p=0. (p=0.0 (p< p=0 (p=0. (p p= (p=0 (p=

RESUMEN Objetivo Investigar si la evaluación del desempeño empresarial es una práctica utilizada por los hospitales federales brasileños, y en caso que haya instituciones que utilicen esta herramienta, verificar cuales prácticas son utilizadas e investigar las posibles características que permiten adoptar las mismas. Método El estudio utilizó la investigación descriptiva, siendo ex post facto en cuanto a los efectos en las variables estudiadas, y con relación a los procedimientos técnicos, se utilizaron datos secundarios y recursos de encuesta. Resultados Los resultados muestran que cuatro hospitales utilizan prácticas sobre la evaluación del desempeño empresarial; tres de ellos declararon que utilizan dos tipos de prácticas diferentes y que el 75 % de los hospitales universitarios que tienen al menos una práctica de evaluación del desempeño empresarial, también tienen un plan estratégico con visión, misión e objetivos y planes operativos a largo plazo. Entre los hospitales que no tienen prácticas sobre la evaluación del desempeño empresarial, el 55,6 % afirman tener una planificación estratégica compuesta al menos de misión, visión y objetivos a largo plazo. Sin embargo, declararon que la entidad no tiene planes de adoptar ningún método elencado. Conclusiones Este diagnóstico pretende llamar la atención a la gerencia y a los funcionarios del campo de la salud pública, sobre las posibilidades que ofrecen los sistemas de evaluación del desempeño de las entidades, para promover mejoras administrativas en un escenario interno complejo, así como la continua necesidad de racionalización de los costos hospitalarios, de forma tal que conduzca estas instituciones a alcanzar su misión social.

ABSTRACT Objectives To investigate whether business performance management practices are used by Brazilian federal university hospitals, and if so, to determine which practices are used and explore characteristics that may be related to their adoption. Method Descriptive ex post facto research on the effects of the studied variables in relation to the technical procedures. Secondary data and survey resources were used. Results Four hospitals use practices to assess business performance. Three of them stated that they use two different types of practices and that 75 % of university hospitals with at least one business performance management practice also have a strategic plan that includes vision, mission, objectives and long-term operational plans. Among the hospitals that do not use business performance management practices, 55.6 % claim to have strategic planning composed at least of mission, vision and long-term objectives. However, they stated that the entity has no plans to adopt any method. Conclusions This diagnosis intends to draw the attention of managers and other actors in the field of public health on the possibilities offered by performance evaluation systems to promote administrative improvements in a complex internal scenario with a need for rationalization of hospital costs in order to direct these institutions towards achieving their social mission.

ABSTRACT Objectives To investigate whether business performance management practices are used by Brazilian federal university hospitals, and if so, to determine which practices are used and explore characteristics that may be related to their adoption. Method Descriptive ex post facto research on the effects of the studied variables in relation to the technical procedures. Secondary data and survey resources were used. Results Four hospitals use practices to assess business performance. Three of them stated that they use two different types of practices and that 75 % of university hospitals with at least one business performance management practice also have a strategic plan that includes vision, mission, objectives and long-term operational plans. Among the hospitals that do not use business performance management practices, 55.6 % claim to have strategic planning composed at least of mission, vision and long-term objectives. However, they stated that the entity has no plans to adopt any method. Conclusions This diagnosis intends to draw the attention of managers and other actors in the field of public health on the possibilities offered by performance evaluation systems to promote administrative improvements in a complex internal scenario with a need for rationalization of hospital costs in order to direct these institutions towards achieving their social mission.

RESUMEN Objetivo Investigar si la evaluación del desempeño empresarial es una práctica utilizada por los hospitales federales brasileños, y en caso que haya instituciones que utilicen esta herramienta, verificar cuales prácticas son utilizadas e investigar las posibles características que permiten adoptar las mismas. Método El estudio utilizó la investigación descriptiva, siendo ex post facto en cuanto a los efectos en las variables estudiadas, y con relación a los procedimientos técnicos, se utilizaron datos secundarios y recursos de encuesta. Resultados Los resultados muestran que cuatro hospitales utilizan prácticas sobre la evaluación del desempeño empresarial; tres de ellos declararon que utilizan dos tipos de prácticas diferentes y que el 75 % de los hospitales universitarios que tienen al menos una práctica de evaluación del desempeño empresarial, también tienen un plan estratégico con visión, misión e objetivos y planes operativos a largo plazo. Entre los hospitales que no tienen prácticas sobre la evaluación del desempeño empresarial, el 55,6 % afirman tener una planificación estratégica compuesta al menos de misión, visión y objetivos a largo plazo. Sin embargo, declararon que la entidad no tiene planes de adoptar ningún método elencado. Conclusiones Este diagnóstico pretende llamar la atención a la gerencia y a los funcionarios del campo de la salud pública, sobre las posibilidades que ofrecen los sistemas de evaluación del desempeño de las entidades, para promover mejoras administrativas en un escenario interno complejo, así como la continua necesidad de racionalización de los costos hospitalarios, de forma tal que conduzca estas instituciones a alcanzar su misión social.

A toxicidade dos defensivos agrícolas para peixes é um importante fator de risco a ser avaliado. Até o presente, muitos aspectos da toxicidade dos principais defensivos agrícolas para jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) ainda não foram investigados. No presente estudo, a toxicidade aguda e a concentração letal (CL50) de quatro herbicidas, dois fungicidas e dois inseticidas foram determinadas para alevinos de jundiás. Todos os experimentos foram conduzidos em triplicatas, utilizando-se um sistema de bioensaio estático e pesticidas comercializados localmente. Os dados foram analisados usando-se o método de Trimmed Spearman-Karber disponível na Agência de Proteção Ambiental (EUA). A CL50-96hr e os limites inferiores e superiores, com 95% de confiança, respectivamente, para os seguintes produtos, foram: glifosato (7,3mg/L; 6,5 - 8,3), atrazina (10,2mg L-1; 9,1-11,5), atrazina+simazina (10,5mg L-1; 8,9-12,4), mesotrione (532,0mg L-1; 476,5-594), tebuconazol (5,3mg L-1; 4,9-5,7), metilparation (4,8mg L-1; 4,3-5,3), estrobilurina e triazol (9,9mg L-1; 8,7-11,2). O diflubenzuron também foi testado, mas não causou mortalidade nos alevinos até a concentração de 1g/L. A toxicidade dos produtos testados ficou acima das concentrações utilizadas para aplicação nas lavouras e, exceto nos casos de aplicação acidental ou despejo inadequado dos recipientes, esses produtos não poderiam causar morte de jundiás. No entanto, os dados obtidos nesses experimentos serão úteis para estudar o efeito, a longo prazo (intoxicação crônica), desses produtos, nos parâmetros hematológicos, bioquímicos, hormonais e imunológicos do jundiá e de espécies similares presentes no Sul do Brasil.

Toxicity risks of agricultural pesticides to fishes are pivotal. Currently, many questions remain unsolved regarding to the toxicity of commonly used pesticides to silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen), a South American catfish. The present studies have been designed to investigate the acute toxicity and the lethal concentration (LC50) of four herbicides, two fungicides and two insecticides to silver catfish fingerlings. All experiments were carried out in triplicates, in a static bioassay system, using commercially available pesticides. The data was analyzed through the Trimmed Spearman-Karber method available from the Environmental Protection Agency. The 96hLC50 and 95% lower and upper confidence limits, respectively, for the following pesticides were determined: glyphosate (7.3mg L-1; 6.5-8.3), atrazine (10.2mg L-1; 9.1-11.5), atrazine+simazine (10.5mg L-1; 8.9-12.4), mesotrione (532.0mg L-1; 476.5-594), tebuconazole (5.3mg L-1; 4.9-5.7), methylparathion (4.8mg L-1; 4.3-5.3), strobulurin and triazol (9.9mg L-1; 8.7-11.2). Diflubenzuron was also tested and caused no fish mortality up to 1g L-1. The toxic concentration of these pesticides to silver catfish fingerlings fell above the concentration used for application in the field and, except following accidental application or misplacing of empty recipients, it should not cause fish mortality. Nonetheless, the data obtained will be useful to study the long-term effect of these products on the hematological, biochemical, hormonal and immunological parameters of silver catfish and related fish species in South Brazil.