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Abstract The management of green areas plays a central role in urban sustainability since vegetation cover has important environmental functions in urban areas. Urban green areas are key elements to improve the well-being of their inhabitants; they are not homogeneous but are differentiated into landscapes with coverages related to historical uses. This article documents the landscapes that are part of green areas in the urban zone of the municipality of Morelia and establish their relationship with the number of inhabitants living in urban areas. The methodology used for the identification and mapping of anthropogenic landscapes as units of analysis and differentiation in the study of vegetation is part of the geoecological approach. To differentiate these landscapes, we started by identifying the physical-geographic landscapes of the territory as the natural background on which the urbanization process takes place, modifying the original land cover and giving rise to different uses. The land uses in the territory are differentiated by establishing the typology of housing and infrastructures introduced in the physical-geographic landscapes where the city was established and by the modified natural covers that remain in a given moment. Then, by superimposing the typology of land uses and covers on the differentiation of the physical-geographic landscapes, geoecological units, i.e., spatial-territorial units, are obtained. They facilitate the classification and identification of the anthropogenic ̶ anthroponatural and anthropic ̶ landscapes of the territory. Certainly, the main transformative process of these landscapes has been urbanization. To determine the extension of green areas, the Normalized Vegetation Index was calculated for the study area, which was contrasted with the anthropogenic landscape layer to estimate this surface area per landscape unit. From this, two indicators were established to achieve the proposed objective: the rate of green areas, which shows the percentage of the landscape covered by green areas, and the density of green areas per inhabitant once the population size has been calculated; both indicators are estimated for each class and type of anthropogenic landscape. The results revealed the presence of two classes, 5 subclasses, and 19 types of anthropogenic landscapes, mapped in 437 polygons in the urban area of the municipality, with the predominance of urban anthropic landscapes. From these results, the main function of the landscapes in the territory studied is housing, which covers 70% of the territory. Infrastructure in productive or service facilities in this urban area shows that the primary economic function is related to services; there is low industrial activity, and vegetation and agriculture occupy less than 8% of the area, which will probably be used for urban growth or services. The rate of green areas in the territory of study is low, and the main issue lies in the type of continuous housing landscapes of different densities. Commercial services and technogenic storage landscapes have a low rate of green areas. Separately, the issues with the density of green areas per inhabitant are concentrated in urban landscapes for housing purposes, which are home to 97.79% of the urban population, in particular in continuous housing landscapes of different densities, housing covering large areas, housing colonial-style landscapes (Historic Center), and buildings. In 2020, 87.6% of the urban inhabitants live in landscapes with a density of green areas per inhabitant of less than 10 m2/inhabitant, that is, below the recommended international standards. The methodology used to study the vegetation in the urban area of interest showed the relationship between the types of urban anthropic landscapes and the density of green areas per inhabitant, identifying and differentiating the main issues in the territory studied. The city of Morelia urgently needs a reforestation program based on the differentiation into the anthropogenic landscape units obtained from these indicators. It is imperative to propose innovative projects and technologies in landscapes with a deficit of tree coverage, particularly in the Historic Center landscape.

Abstract: A spatial geo-ecological understanding of nature-society interaction is comprised of a theoretical development of a systemic approach and modeling, automation, and management of geotechnologies. From interrelationships between natural landscapes and anthropogenic infrastructure, delimitation, classification, and mapping of geo-ecological units of landscape are obtained. In the analysis, 30 units of physical-geographical landscapes are delimited, supported on natural components and shaded terrain model. Subsequently, by overlapping matrix proceedings with the type of land use and land cover, 247 geo-ecological units to describe the urban, peri-urban, and rural areas were determined and characterized.

Resumen: La comprensión geoecológica del espacio en la interacción naturaleza-sociedad demanda el desarrollo teórico del enfoque sistémico, la modelación, la automatización y el manejo de las geotecnologías. La interrelación entre los paisajes naturales y los elementos antropogénicos originan unidades geoecológicas en un espacio geográfico. El análisis delimita 30 unidades de paisajes físico-geográficos, a partir de los componentes naturales y del modelo sombreado del terreno. Posteriormente, mediante procedimiento matricial por superposición con la tipología del uso del suelo y la cobertura, fueron obtenidas y caracterizadas 247 unidades geoecológicas para la descripción del espacio urbano, periurbano y rural.

Resumo A necessidade de maior análise do processo de urbanização em todo o mundo, exigem o desenvolvimento teórico-metodológicas e sistêmico dos métodos. A compreensão do espaço geoecologica expressa a inter-relação entre paisagens naturais e antropogénicas fatores. É um procedimento metodológico multi - escalar que integra dois níveis de análise do território; paisagem físico-geográficas e formas sociais de ocupação. A análise das unidades de paisagem de fisico-geograficas, é feito com a construção do modelo sombreado do terreno e o estudo de vários componentes naturais. A caracterização a partir de uma imagem espacial estabelece a interpretacion do uso-cobertura terrestre, obtendo as unidades geoecológicas mediante o procedimento matricial e sua descrição. Para finalizar é realizada uma análise qualitativa com base na avaliação da paisagem na área urbana, peri-urbano e rural, para desenvolver a geoecologica de zoneamento paisagem.

Abstract The need to increase the analysis of the urbanization process in all the world, require the development theoretical-methodological and systemic. The comprehension geo-ecological of space expresses the interrelationship between landscapes natural and factors anthropogenic. The proposal contains a methodological procedure multiscalar which integrates two levels of analysis of the territory; landscape physical-geographical and forms social of occupation. The analysis of the landscape units physical-geographic, is performed with the construction of the model of the terrain shading and the study of various natural components. The characterization of the spatial imaging provides the identification of usage and land cover, establishing the geoecological units through the matrix method and its description. To end a qualitative analysis based on the valuation of the landscape in urban, peri-urban and rural areas is carried out to develop the geo-ecological zoning of the landscape.

Resumen La necesidad de aumentar los análisis del proceso de urbanización en todo el mundo, demanda el desarrollo teórico-metodológico y sistémico de los métodos. La comprensión geoecológica del espacio expresa la interrelación entre paisajes naturales y factores antropogénicos. Se plantea un procedimiento metodológico multiescalar que integra dos niveles de análisis del territorio; paisaje físico-geográfico y formas sociales de ocupación. El análisis de las unidades del paisaje físico-geográficas, se realiza con la construcción del modelo sombreado del terreno y el estudio de varios componentes naturales. Luego se realiza una caracterización a partir de la imagen espacial que establece la identificación del uso-cobertura terrestre, obteniendo las unidades geoecológicas mediante el procedimiento matricial y su descripción. Para finalizar se realiza un análisis cualitativo sobre la base de la valoración del paisaje en área urbana, periurbana y rural, para elaborar la zonificación geoecológica del paisaje.