ABSTRACT Prof. Dr. Claudio Gilberto Froehlich’s career is presented here using numbers and actions guided by a genuine way to study biodiversity, especially aquatic ecosystems. An extensive number of publications is accompanied by an investment in human resources training and establishing a vast network of collaborators and friendships. Dr. Peter Zwick mentioned the Southeast Region of Brazil as “Froehlich’s Autonomous Stonefly Republic”, to express the magnitude of Prof. Froehlich’s scientific production on Neotropical Plecoptera. In this special volume in honor of Prof. Froehlich, the numbers of his career support Zwick's affirmation. Thirty-nine students graduated in MSc and/or PhD courses, two books, and 20 book chapters were published, as well as 95 articles on geoplanids, onychophorans, cnidarians, mayflies, coleopterans, caddisflies, and especially stoneflies. Froehlich’s legacy includes different ways to observe nature, from taxonomy to ecology, from flatworms to stoneflies. Prof Dr Froehlichs Froehlich s biodiversity ecosystems friendships Republic, Republic , Republic” Plecoptera Zwicks affirmation Thirtynine Thirty nine andor or courses books 2 published 9 geoplanids onychophorans cnidarians mayflies coleopterans caddisflies stoneflies nature ecology

ABSTRACT The limited knowledge of biodiversity constrains conservation strategies in a wide range of questions. Overcoming and recognizing these knowledge deficits require integrated efforts by current researchers and constitute crucial challenges for the next generations. Prof. Dr. Claudio Froehlich was a pioneer in implementing a research program integrating ecology and taxonomy, especially in aquatic insects, in Brazil. This special issue was conceptualized to honor his prolific scientific career and constitutes a tribute to the pioneering in Brazilian aquatic entomology. A brief biography of Prof. Dr. Claudio Froehlich was presented as well as 13 papers facing the biodiversity knowledge shortfalls from five insect orders (Diptera, Ephemeroptera, Neuroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera), with behavior reports (Eltonian shortfall), 23 new species described (Linnean shortfall), and distribution records for several taxa (Wallacean shortfall). questions generations Prof Dr taxonomy insects Brazil entomology 1 Diptera, Diptera (Diptera Ephemeroptera Neuroptera Plecoptera Trichoptera, Trichoptera , Trichoptera) Eltonian shortfall, shortfall shortfall) 2 Linnean Wallacean shortfall. .

ABSTRACT Gynandromorphism or intersexuality is a rare condition where the individual has male and female features. In this report we described two imagoes of Farrodes xingu Domínguez et al. (1996) from Brazil presenting intersex traits. We considered the arranged sexual characters as antero-posterior and bilateral. One individual has a male head, abdomen full of eggs and the subgenital plate with a malformed outset of penes (antero-posterior), while the other individual has half of the head with a male-like turbinate eye and the other half with a regular female-like one, and with malformed male genitalia (bilateral).

Resumo Leptophlebiidae é a família com maior diversidade de espécies e com maior distribuição no Hemisfério Sul. Existem 95 espécies de Leptophlebiidae registradas no Brasil, mas no estado da Bahia existem apenas 21 espécies. Uma lista e os novos registros de Leptophlebiidae (Ephemeroptera) são apresentados ao Estado da Bahia. Um total de 16 gêneros e 40 espécies de Leptophlebiidae foram identificadas neste trabalho. As espécies Fittkaulus cururuensis, Hylister obliquus, Miroculis (atroari) duckensis e Miroculis (Ommaethus) froehlichi são relatadas pela primeira vez no Estado da Bahia, aumentando o número de espécies de Leptophlebiidae de 21 para 25. Agora, a Bahia é um dos estados com o maior número de registros de espécies de Leptophlebiidae, atrás apenas do estado do Espírito Santo com 26 espécies desta família.

Abstract Leptophlebiidae is the family with the most diversity of species and wide distribution in the Southern Hemisphere. There are 95 species of Leptophlebiidae recorded in Brazil, but for the state of Bahia there are only 21 species. A check list and new records of Leptophlebiidae (Ephemeroptera) are presented to the State of Bahia. A total of 16 genera and 40 species of Leptophlebiidae were identified on this study. The species Fittkaulus cururuensis, Hylister obliquus, Miroculis (atroari) duckensis and Miroculis (Ommaethus) froehlichi are reported for the first time to the State of Bahia, increasing the number of Leptophlebiidae species from 21 to 25. Now, the Bahia is one of the states with the largest number of Leptophlebiidae species records, behind only of the state of Espírito Santo which has 26 species of this family.

Abstract Studies on fecundity and embryo size have been frequently used to infer about the reproductive potential, embryogenesis, and the energy investment in embryo production in crustaceans. These parameters are relevant to the knowledge of life-history and diversity of reproductive strategies developed by this group. This study addressed the embryo production by the estuarine shrimp Salmoneus carvachoiAnker, 2007, a poorly known caridean shrimp. We investigated whether there was (1) a correlation between fecundity and carapace length, (2) an increase in embryo volume along the embryonic development, and (3) loss of embryos along development. In addition, we investigated whether the esternite length and height and width of the pleura of the second abdominal somite were good predictors of fecundity. A total of 53 embryo-carrying individuals were collected in December 2016 and February 2017 in a tidal mudflat from the estuary of the Paripe River, Ilha de Itamaracá, Pernambuco, Brazil. The carapace length ranged from 3.23 to 4.64 mm (3.78 ± 0.26 mm). Among those, 25 individuals had embryos in initial stage, 5 in intermediate stage and 15 in final stage. Fecundity ranged from 14 to 67 (33.65 ± 12.51 embryos) and was weakly correlated with carapace length. However, fecundity was strongly correlated with the width of the second sternite and width of the pleura of the second abdominal somite. Embryo volume increased markedly (93%) from the initial to the final stage of development. This increase might be due to water uptake to facilitate the membrane rupture at the onset of larvae hatching. There was significant loss of embryos only between the initial and intermediate stage. Future studies on the embryo production by other species of Salmoneus Holthuis, 1955 are necessary to understand and compare these aspects of reproductive biology.

Os Ephemeroptera constituem um dos mais importantes grupos da entomofauna aquática, ao lado de Plecoptera e Trichoptera (EPT) e muitos Diptera. Ocorrem em ambientes aquáticos continentais lênticos e lóticos, sendo sua maior diversidade encontrada em rios de pequena ordem, com fundo rochoso e acúmulo de folhas, e água oligotrófica a mesotrófica. A última lista de Ephemeroptera para o Estado de São Paulo feita por Hubbard & Pescador (1999) registrou apenas 8 espécies e nenhum pesquisador trabalhando com taxonomia do grupo. Atualmente 53 espécies são registradas para o Estado de São Paulo, distribuídas em 9 famílias: Baetidae (15 spp.), Caenidae (1 sp.), Ephemeridae (1 sp.), Euthyplociidae (2 spp.), Leptohyphidae (12 spp.), Leptophlebiidae (16 spp.), Melanemerellidae (1 sp.), Oligoneuriidae (1 sp.) and Polymitarcyidae (3 spp.), e pelo menos 4 pesquisadores Doutores brasileiros trabalhando diretamente com taxonomia e distribuição de Ephemeroptera.

Ephemeroptera is one of most important groups of aquatic insects besides of Plecoptera and Trichoptera, and various Diptera. They inhabit lotic and lentic environments with high diversity in streams and rivers, with stones and leaves and oligo-mesotrophic water. Last Ephemeroptera checklist for the State of São Paulo (Hubbard & Pescador, 1999) shows 8 species and no researchers working on Ephemeroptera taxonomy. Nowadays there are 53 species recorded for the State of São Paulo, distributed in 9 families: Baetidae (15 spp.), Caenidae (1 sp.), Ephemeridae (1 sp.), Euthyplociidae (2 spp.), Leptohyphidae (12 spp.), Leptophlebiidae (16 spp.), Melanemerellidae (1 sp.), Oligoneuriidae (1sp.) and Polymitarcyidae (3 spp.), and at least four PhD's Brazilian researchers working directly on taxonomy and distribution of Ephemeroptera.