ABSTRACT: Fungal diseases in Brazilian regions with tropical and subtropical climates reduce the production potential of corn crops. The use of fungicides is one of the strategies to maintain productivity. This study evaluated the agronomic performance and grain quality of corn hybrids associated with the preventive use of fungicides in subtropical environments. Six experiments were conducted in Santa Maria-RS, São Vicente do Sul-RS, and FredericoWestphalen-RS during two sowing seasons. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with a split-plot arrangement, in which the main plot consisted of two levels of the fungicide factor (with and without) and the sub-plot consisted of six levels of corn hybrids (AG9025, AS1730, P3016, MG300, DKB230, and FEROZ). A total of 216 experimental plots were evaluated for grain productivity, and eight plants per plot were evaluated for other traits, totaling 1,728 evaluated plants. Therefore, environmental conditions influence the interaction between the factors of fungicide use and hybrid cultivar positioning, with no significant interaction in years with a water deficit. Early sowings in subtropical environments indicate better agronomic performance and a lower percentage of moldy grains regardless of the cultivation location, contributing to grain quality. ABSTRACT crops productivity MariaRS, MariaRS Maria RS, RS Maria-RS SulRS, SulRS Sul Sul-RS FredericoWestphalenRS FredericoWestphalen seasons splitplot split arrangement without subplot sub AG9025, AG9025 AG (AG9025 AS1730 AS P3016 P MG300 MG DKB230 DKB FEROZ. FEROZ . FEROZ) 21 traits 1728 1 728 1,72 Therefore positioning deficit location AG902 (AG902 AS173 P301 MG30 DKB23 2 172 72 1,7 AG90 (AG90 AS17 P30 MG3 DKB2 17 7 1, AG9 (AG9 AS1 P3 (AG

RESUMO: No Brasil, em regiões de clima tropical e subtropical, as doenças fúngicas reduzem o potencial produtivo da cultura do milho. Uma das estratégias utilizadas para manutenção do potencial produtivo é o uso de fungicidas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho agronômico e qualidade de grãos de hibridos de milho, associado ao uso preventivo de fungicida em ambientes subtropicais. Foram conduzidos seis experimentos, em Santa Maria - RS, São Vicente do Sul - RS e Frederico Westphalen - RS em duas épocas de semeadura. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso com parcelas subdivididas, onde a parcela principal foi formada pelos dois níveis do fator fungicida (com e sem) e a subparcela pelos seis níveis do fator híbridos de milho (AG9025, AS1730, P3016, MG300, DKB230 e FEROZ). Foram avaliados 216 parcelas experimentais para a variável produtividade de grãos e oito plantas por parcela para os demais caracteres, totalizando 1.728 plantas avaliadas. Portanto, as condições ambientais interferem na interação entre os fatores uso de fungicidas e posicionamento de cultivares híbridas, não ocorrendo interação significativa entre os fatores em ano com a presença de déficit hídrico. Independentemente do local de cultivo, semeaduras precoces em ambiente subtropical, indicam melhor desempenho agronômico e menor percentual de grãos deteriorados contribuindo com a qualidade dos grãos. RESUMO Brasil subtropical subtropicais experimentos semeadura subdivididas sem AG9025, AG9025 AG (AG9025 AS1730 AS P3016 P MG300 MG DKB DKB23 FEROZ. FEROZ . FEROZ) 21 caracteres 1728 1 728 1.72 avaliadas Portanto híbridas hídrico cultivo AG902 (AG902 AS173 P301 MG30 DKB2 2 172 72 1.7 AG90 (AG90 AS17 P30 MG3 17 7 1. AG9 (AG9 AS1 P3 (AG

ABSTRACT The use of corn hybrids adapted to the soil and climate conditions of the cultivation region under adequate optimum plant density is a determining factor for the maximization of grain yield. In this sense, the objective was to evaluate the productivity of corn hybrids under two sowing densities during the 2020/21 crop season in the medium-high Uruguay region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The corn hybrids AS1555 PRO3, B2401 PWU, B2418 VYHR, B2612 PWU, BG7061 YHR, DKB235 PRO3, NS45 VIP3, NS73 VIP3, NS80 VIP3, P2501, P3016 VYHR, P3565 PWU and 30F53 VYHR were submitted to densities of 66,667 and 88,889 plants ha-1, in a randomized block design with ten replications. Corn hybrids showed superior grain yield when subjected to the density of 88,889 plants ha-1 in the medium-high Uruguay region of Rio Grande do Sul, surpassing in most cases the state and national average yield of harvest 2020/21. Most of the corn hybrids used present potential for cultivation at higher sowing density than their respective recommendations. Considering the superior productivity of hybrids NS80 VIP3, B2401 PWU and NS73 VIP3, their cultivation under conditions similar to those of the study is recommended. sense 202021 2020 21 2020/2 mediumhigh medium high Sul AS AS155 PRO3 PRO B B240 B241 B261 BG BG706 YHR DKB DKB23 NS NS4 VIP3 VIP NS7 NS8 P2501 P P301 P356 F 30F5 66667 66 667 66,66 88889 88 889 88,88 ha1, ha1 ha 1, 1 replications ha- recommendations recommended 20202 202 2 2020/ AS15 B24 B26 BG70 DKB2 P250 P30 P35 30F 6666 6 66,6 8888 8 88,8 20 AS1 B2 BG7 P25 P3 666 66, 888 88, P2

ABSTRACT: This research evaluated the agronomic performance through mixed models, and determined the genetic divergence between black oat genotypes. The experiment was carried out at Federal University of Santa Maria, Frederico Westphalen/RS. Fourteen black oat genotypes were evaluated, being 11 lines developed by Breeding Program of University, and three commercial cultivars (IAPAR 61, UPFA 21 - Moreninha and, IPR Cabocla). We evaluated quantitative traits associated to plant height, cycle, dry mass yield and seeds yield; and 19 qualitative traits, being these morphological descriptors. The results showed that lines UFSMFW 2-05 and UFSMFW 2-07 stand out with characteristics such as early cycle, higher dry mass and grain yield. Divergence analysis revealed the formation of three distinct groups, indicating the presence of variability. These results suggested the potential for the development of new cultivars of black oat, presenting early cycle and good grain yield. ABSTRACT models Maria WestphalenRS Westphalen RS Westphalen/RS 1 IAPAR 61 2 Cabocla. Cabocla . Cabocla) height descriptors 205 05 2-0 207 07 groups variability 6 20 0 2-

RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho agronômico por meio de modelos mistos e determinar a divergência genética entre genótipos de aveia preta. O experimento foi conduzido na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, campus de Frederico Westphalen/RS. Catorze genótipos de aveia preta foram avaliados, sendo 11 linhagens desenvolvidas pelo Programa de Melhoramento da Universidade e três cultivares comercias (IAPAR 61, UPFA 21 - Moreninha e IPR Cabocla). Foram avaliadas características agronômicas quantitativas relacionadas ao porte, ciclo e produtividade de massa seca e de sementes; e 19 características qualitativas, sendo estes descritores morfológicos. Os resultados mostraram que as linhagens UFSMFW 2-05 e UFSMFW 2-07 se destacam com características como ciclo precoce, elevada produtividade de massa seca e de sementes. A análise de divergência revelou a formação de três grupos distintos, indicando presença de variabilidade. Os resultados demonstram o potencial de desenvolvimento de novas cultivares de aveia preta, apresentando precocidade e boa produtividade de sementes. RESUMO Maria WestphalenRS Westphalen RS Westphalen/RS avaliados 1 IAPAR 61 2 Cabocla. Cabocla . Cabocla) porte sementes qualitativas morfológicos 205 05 2-0 207 07 precoce distintos variabilidade 6 20 0 2-

Abstract The objective of this work was to identify the most adapted and stable genotypes for dry mass and seed yield using the genotype plus environment interaction (GGE) biplot technique. The experiment was conducted in the municipality of Frederico Westphalen, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021, using five lines and two cultivars of black oat, in a randomized complete block experimental design, with three replicates. The adaptability and stability of the genotypes, as well as their behavior in the environments, were evaluated using the GGE biplot. The seed yield of black oat genotypes is highly influenced by the environmental conditions over the four studied cultivation years. The UFSMFW 2-07 genotype stands out, but shows instability. The UFSMFW 2-07 and 'UPFA 21-Moreninha' genotypes show adaptability in specific years. Mega environments are formed for the dry mass trait in 2018 and 2021 and seed yield in 2018, 2020, and 2021, whereas, 2019 is considered the year for genotype discrimination. (GGE technique Westphalen Sul Brazil 2020 design replicates years 207 2 07 2-0 out instability UPFA 21Moreninha Moreninha 21 21-Moreninha 201 202 whereas discrimination 20 0 2-

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar os genótipos mais adaptados e estáveis para massa seca e produtividade de sementes, com uso da técnica genótipo + interação genótipo-ambinete (GGE) biplot. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Frederico Westphalen, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, em 2018, 2019, 2020 e 2021, tendo-se utilizado cinco linhagens e duas cultivares de aveia-preta, em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições. A adaptabilidade e a estabilidade dos genótipos, bem como seu comportamento nos ambientes, foram avaliados pelo GGE biplot. A produtividade de sementes de genótipos de aveia-preta é altamente influenciada pelas condições ambientais ao longo dos quatro anos de cultivo estudados. O genótipo UFSMFW 2-07 destaca-se, mas apresenta instabilidade. Já os genótipos UFSMFW 2-07 e 'UPFA 21-Moreninha' apresentam adaptabilidade para produção de massa seca em anos específicos. São formados mega-ambientes para o traço massa seca em 2008 e 2021 e para produtividade de sementes em 2018, 2020 e 2021, enquanto 2019 é considerado o ano para discriminação de genótipos. genótipoambinete ambinete (GGE biplot Westphalen Sul Brasil 2018 202 tendose tendo se aveiapreta, aveiapreta aveia preta, preta acaso repetições ambientes estudados 207 2 07 2-0 destacase, destacase destaca se, destaca-se instabilidade UPFA 21Moreninha Moreninha 21 21-Moreninha específicos megaambientes mega 200 201 20 0 2-

Abstract The objective of this work was to select black oat genotypes using the MGIDI for simultaneous selection, comparing it with the Smith-Hazel index. The experiment was carried out in Frederico Westphalen/RS and Pato Branco/PR, in a randomized block design, with three replications, with 9 genotypes tested. Days from emergence to flowering and maturation; cutting and plant height; number of tillers; panicle length; tiller, plant, panicle, panicle seed mass, green and dry; and seed yield were obtained. MGIDI selected the genotypes UFSMFW 2-01 and UFSMFW 2-04 for Frederico Westphalen and UFSMFW 2-07 and UFSMFW 2-04 for Pato Branco, which varied compared to the Smith-Hazel index in both environments. MGIDI was efficient in selecting the best black oat genotypes, showing desirable selection gains for most traits. SmithHazel Smith Hazel WestphalenRS RS BrancoPR Branco PR Branco/PR design replications tested maturation height tillers length tiller mass dry obtained 201 2 01 2-0 204 04 207 07 environments traits 20 0 2-

ABSTRACT The agronomic traits have complex quantitative inheritance, wheat breeding has a highly cost and time expending to achieve advanced lines, and new cultivars. The objective of this work was to estimate the phenotypic (rp), genotypic (rg) and environmental (re) correlation coefficients and the genetic parameters, as well as to estimate the selection gains between agronomic traits in wheat using multivariate analysis. F6 generation was carried out in a randomized block experimental design, with fifteen wheat genotypes arranged in three replications. The traits measured were days of emergence to flowering, plant height, number of tillers, spike length, number of spikelets, kernel weight and thousand kernel weight. Correlation coefficients, variance components, genetic parameters, selection gain, Euclidiana’s distance, relative contribution of traits and canonical variables were estimated. Selection based on number of tillers, kernel weight and thousand kernel weight may result in expressive selection gains. The number of fertile tillers per plant showed a significant and positive intermediate association with kernel weight and positive correlation with number of spikelets. The cycle showed greater contribution to the genetic divergence among genotypes studied. Distinct groups highlighted the genetic variability among genotypes.

Abstract UFSMFW 2202 is an early black oat cultivar with high dry matter and grain yield potential. When used in rotation systems, the early cycle has the immediate advantage of allowing anticipated sowing of subsequent crop. Initially, the cultivar is recommended for the North and Northwest of Rio Grande do Sul. 220 potential systems crop Initially Sul 22 2

Abstract The black oat cultivar UFSMFW 2101, recommended for Northwest of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, is very early and can produce high dry matter and grain yields. In rotation systems, an immediate advantage is the very early cycle, with the possibility of anticipated sowing of the subsequent crop. 2101 Sul yields systems cycle crop 210 21 2

RESUMO Modelos mistos e análises multivariadas são ferramentas poderosas para selecionar genótipos superiores em programas de melhoramento de plantas. O método BLUP (best linear unbiased prediction) tem sido usado para predizer valores genéticos, eliminando efeitos ambientais. Além disso, o método FAI-BLUP (ideotype-design index) é importante para o melhoramento genético de plantas, devido à seleção de múltiplas características. Objetivou-se determinar o potencial genético de gerações avançadas de trigo, utilizando-se REML/BLUP em combinação com técnicas multivariadas, para a seleção de genótipos superiores. O experimento foi constituído de onze genótipos de trigo (Triticum aestivum L.). O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, com três repetições. Foram avaliadas as variáveis altura da planta, altura de inserção da espiga, número de afilhos, número de espiguetas, largura do grão, peso hectolitro e peso de grãos por planta. Os parâmetros genéticos foram estimados utilizando-se a metodologia REML/BLUP, e o índice FAI-BLUP foi calculado por meio dos valores genéticos preditos. Os genótipos UFSMFW 1-02, UFSMFW 1-05 e UFSMFW 1-04 apresentam potencial de incremento para produtividade de grãos. Os ganhos de seleção para número de afilhos (14,63 %) e massa de grãos por planta (22,35 %) são potencias para a seleção de genótipos superiores.

ABSTRACT Mixed models and multivariate analysis are powerful tools for selecting superior genotypes in plant breeding programs. The BLUP (best linear unbiased prediction) method has been used to predict genetic values without environmental effects. Furthermore, the FAI-BLUP (ideotype-design index) procedure is especially valuable for plant breeding because of multiple-trait selection. This study aimed to determine the genetic potential of advanced wheat generations using REML/BLUP in combination with multivariate techniques for the selection of superior genotypes. The experiment consisted of eleven wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with three replications. Plant height, spike insertion height, number of tillers, number of spikelets, kernel width, hectoliter weight and kernel weight per plant were determined. The genetic parameters were estimated using the REML/BLUP methodology, and the FAI-BLUP index was calculated using predicted genetic values. The genotypes UFSMFW 1-02, UFSMFW 1-05 and UFSMFW 1-04 show potential to increase the grain yield. The selection gains for number of tillers (14.63 %) and kernel weight per plant (22.35 %) indicate the potential to select superior genotypes.

ABSTRACT This work aimed to estimate the variance components and genetic parameters, the selection gain, and the cause and effect relationships among traits in order to identify important traits for direct and indirect selection of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines. Three strategies were used to obtain selection gains: direct and indirect selection, an index based on “ranks,” and the Smith and Hazel index. In the 2017 crop season in Brazil, 420 wheat lines from the F5 generation were conducted in families with intercalary controls. High heritability of spike weight, number of kernels, and total kernel weight resulted in the best direct selection gains. The selection of plants with a high number of tillers resulted in grain yield improvement. The use of selection indexes is important in advanced wheat lines; they promote genetic gains distributed among agronomic traits.

ABSTRACT The aims of this study were to characterize black oat populations by estimating between- and within-populations variance components and genetic parameters, as well as to distinguish the populations using multivariable statistics. The experiment was carried out in randomized blocks design with three repetitions, with 14 black oat populations collected in several municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul state. Agronomic important traits were assessed at physiological maturation stage. Variance components and genetic parameters were estimated considering within-block information. In addition, Mahalanobis distance, relative contribution of traits, and canonical variables were used to distinguish the populations. Selection based on panicle length, number of grains per panicle, panicle weight and panicle grain weight may result in higher selection gains. Panicle grain weight presents a greater contribution to genetic divergence between studied populations. The formation of distinct groups indicated the presence of genetic variability among black oat populations in the northwestern of the Rio Grande do Sul state. Directed crosses between individual plants of populations from (i) Alto Alegre and Salvador das Missões, Chapada, or Santa Rosa or (ii) between plants of populations from Salvador das Missões and Campos Borges or Santa Rosa can generate segregating populations with great genetic variability. The predominance of between-phenotypic variance and a within-genetic variance indicate prospects for success in selection gain and possible selection of a new cultivar with fewer efforts compared to a cross-based method. This is supported by the high values of within-population heritability.

Abstract CD 1705 is a cultivar indicated for the wheat-producing regions 1, 2 and 3 of the states of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and Paraná. It is appropriate for biscuit manufacturing, has good plant health and high production potential (mean yield of 4308 kg ha-1).

Abstract CD 1303 is a cultivar indicated for the wheat-producing regions 1, 2 and 3 of the states of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and Paraná. It has an early cycle, a short stature and high productive potential (mean of 4311 kg ha-1).

RESUMO A seleção de genótipos resistentes a doenças é uma meta prioritária dos programas de melhoramento genético de trigo (Triticum aestivum L.). Mas, devido não existir genótipos resistentes à todas as doenças e a forte influência do ambiente no nível de resistência dos genótipos, o uso de fungicidas é necessário no cultivo do trigo. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o ganho em produtividade e a eficiência da seleção de genótipos de trigo devido à aplicação de fungicida em ensaios realizados em diferentes locais e anos de cultivo. Foram utilizados dados de produtividade de grãos de 816 genótipos de trigo avaliados em 248 ensaios de competição, em oito locais, nas safras agrícolas de 2004 a 2012. O ganho com a aplicação de fungicida para um dado genótipo foi estimado pela diferença entre a produtividade das parcelas que receberam fungicida e o tratamento controle. Os maiores ganhos com a aplicação de fungicida foram observados em locais que apresentam menores temperaturas médias e maiores indíces pluviométricos, tais como Campo Mourão, Castro, Não-Me-Toque e Guarapuava. Já os menores ganhos com a aplicação de fungicidas ocorreram em Dourados e Palotina, ambientes que geralmente impõem estresses hídricos a cultura e que possuem temperaturas médias mais elevadas. O efeito de anos de cultivo resultou em incrementos de produtividade devido a aplicação de fungicida que variaram de 16,9 a 60,7%. A seleção e a avaliação da resposta à aplicação de fungicida em trigo deve ser ambiente-específica, buscando maximizar o aproveitamento da interação genótipo x ambiente.

ABSTRACT Selection of disease resistant genotypes is the main goal of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding programs. However, because of the lack of genotypes resistant to all diseases and the strong influence of the environment on the level of resistance of the genotypes, the use of fungicides is necessary in the cultivation of wheat. The objective of this study was to compare the gain in yield and the selection efficiency of wheat genotypes due to the fungicide application in trials carried out in different sites and years. This study used grain yield data from 816 wheat genotypes evaluated in 248 advanced trials at eight sites during the years from 2004 to 2012. The gain resulting from fungicide application for a given genotype was estimated by the difference between yield of plots on which fungicide was applied and control treatment. The greatest gains with fungicide application were observed in sites with lower average temperatures and higher rainfall indices, such as Campo Mourão, Castro, Não-Me-Toque and Guarapuava. On the other hand, the lowest gains with fungicide application occurred in Dourados and Palotina, environments where crops in general suffer water stress and present higher average temperatures. The year effect resulted in yield increases due to fungicide application ranging from 16.9 to 60.7%. The selection and evaluation of the response to the application of fungicide in wheat should be environment-specific to maximize the use of genotype x environment interaction.

Abstract CD 1104 is a cultivar indicated for the wheat-producing regions 1, 2, 3, 4 (irrigated) and 4 (rainfed) of the states of RS, SC, PR, SP, MS, MG, DF, GO, and MT. Its suitability for the industrial segment of strong flours and yield potential (mean of 4.427 kg ha-1) are high.