Abstract In this work, evaluated the antifungal chemosensitizing effect of the Lippia origanoides essential oil (EO) through the induction of oxidative stress. The EO was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS. To evaluate the antifungal chemosensitizing effect through induction of oxidative stress, cultures of the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae ∆ycf1 were exposed to sub-inhibitory concentrations of the EO, and the expression of genes known, due be overexpressed in response to oxidative and mutagenic stress was analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) method. Carvacrol and thymol were identified as the main components. The EO was effective in preventing or reducing the growth of the microorganisms tested. The gene expression profiles showed that EO promoted changes in the patterns of expression of genes involved in oxidative and mutagenic stress resistance. The combined use of the L. origanoides EO with fluconazole has been tested on Candida yeasts and the strategy resulted in a synergistic enhancement of the antifungal action of the azolic chemical product. Indeed, in association with EO, the fluconazole MICs dropped. Thus, the combinatorial use of L. origanoides EO as a chemosensitizer agent should contribute to enhancing the efficiency of conventional antifungal drugs, reducing their negative side effects. work (EO GCMS. GCMS GC MS. MS GC-MS ycf1 ycf ∆ycf subinhibitory sub inhibitory known realtime real time qRTPCR qRT PCR (qRT-PCR method components resistance L product Indeed dropped Thus drugs effects

Pectis brevipedunculata is native species and widely available in dry and semi-arid ecosystems showing high biotechnological potential. The objective of this study was to evaluate the circadian and seasonal chemical variation of the essential oil (EO) of P. brevipedunculata, as well as its acaricide effect on Rhipicephalus microplus larvae. Aerial parts were collected and submitted to the hydrodistillation process, and the chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). For the assays with R. microplus, the larval immersion test was performed. The main constituents were citral (75% of the EO), followed by α-pinene and limonene. In the seasonality analysis, the highest yields were in the months of April (2.08%) and August (2.05%), while in the study of circadian rhythm, the percentage was 2.0% at 6 p.m. in the rainy season, and 1.2%, dry season at 6 p.m. Concerning acaricidal activity (50% lethal concentration (LC50)), the April (1.17 mg mL-1), March (1.28 mg mL-1), June (1.37 mg mL-1), and October (1.27 mg mL-1) oils obtained were the most active and assays performed with circadian rhythm revealed in the rain season (April) at 6 p.m. and dry season (September) at 12 a.m. LC50 values of 1.75 and 1.75 mg mL-1, respectively. Additionally, this EO is selective to non-target organisms, i.e., ladybeetles and lacewing. semiarid semi arid potential (EO P larvae process GCMS. GCMS GC MS . (GC-MS) R 75% 75 (75 EO, , EO) αpinene α pinene limonene analysis 2.08% 208 2 08 (2.08% 2.05%, 205 2.05% 05 (2.05%) 20 0 2.0 pm p m p.m 1 1.2% 50% 50 (50 LC50, LC (LC50)) 1.17 117 17 (1.1 mL1, mL1 mL 1.28 128 28 (1.2 1.37 137 37 (1.3 1.27 127 27 mL-1 (April September (September am a a.m LC5 175 1.7 1, respectively Additionally nontarget non target organisms ie i e i.e. lacewing (GC-MS 7 (7 2.08 (2.08 2.05 (2.05% 2. 1.2 5 (5 (LC50) 1.1 11 (1. 1.3 13 3 mL- 1. i.e ( (2.0 (2.05 (LC50 (1 (2. (LC5 (2 (LC

Resumo A insuficiência respiratória (IR) não é reconhecida como uma síndrome clínica, com sintomas e sinais característicos, com diferentes estádios de evolução e níveis de gravidade, e com alterações fisiopatológicas dependentes da etiologia, mas apenas como algumas alterações laboratoriais que só se tornam evidentes depois de realizada a gasometria do sangue arterial (GSA). Isto dificulta o seu diagnóstico clínico, sobretudo em fases precoces, impede o seu estudo e compreensão, e não permite que o tratamento adequado seja efetuado no tempo certo, numa elevada percentagem de situações. Além disso dificulta a investigação clínica em diferentes grupos homogéneos de doentes com IR, para melhor compreensão da síndrome e do seu tratamento. A prática clínica demonstra-nos que temos um conhecimento incompleto sobre IR, sobre a sua abordagem diagnóstica e sobre a sua gestão e tratamento. A IR tem influência direta na qualidade de vida e no prognóstico dos doentes e deve ser considerada uma entida-de nosológica, com características clínicas e fisiopatológicas evolutivas próprias, que exigem investigação dedicada visando a sua melhor compreensão e tratamento com o objetivo de alterar o seu curso e melhorar os resultados clínicos.

Abstract At present, respiratory failure (RF) is commonly defined as a laboratory abnormality, evident only after performing arterial blood gas analysis (ABG), instead of being recognized as a clinical syndrome with characteristic symptoms and signs, different stages and severity levels, and with aetiology dependent physiopathological features. This often complicates its clinical diagnosis, especially in early stages, hampers its study and understanding and prevents appropriate treatment to be given in due time, in numerous situations. Further-more, it hinders clinical research for a better understanding of the syndrome and its treatment, in different homogeneous groups of patients with RF. Clinical practice demonstrates that we have an incomplete knowledge of RF, its diagnostic approach, management and treatment. RF directly impacts patient’s quality of life and prognosis. It should be considered a nosologic entity, with unique clinical, physiopathological and dynamic characteristics, that demands a dedicated investigation aiming to be better understood and treated with the goal of changing its course and improve clinical outcomes.

Encyclia cordigera is native from Central America tropical region, and Encyclia randii occurs at Brazilian Amazon environment domains. Floral concentrates from both Encyclia species were extracted, analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and identified compounds belong to terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, and fatty acid derivatives classes. Primary constituents of the E. cordigera floral scent were β-ionol (45.4%), terpinen-4-ol (12.4%), benzyl benzoate (5.6%), and indole (5.0%). (2E,6Z)-Farnesol (24.9%), heptanal (11.8%), (E)-nerolidol (9.4%), nonanal (6.4%), p-vinyl-guaiacol (6.0%), and phenylethyl benzoate (5.3%) have predominated in the floral scent of E. randii. From the olfactory standpoint, E. cordigera scent was previously characterized as a blend of ionone-floral and aromatic-floral notes. Very likely, E. randii scent presents the woody fragrance due to sesquiterpenes (2E,6Z)-farnesol and (E)-nerolidol and the fruity note from the aldehydes heptanal and nonanal. Floral perfume plays a fundamental role in attracting pollinating insects, whose symbiosis contributes to the appearance of chemical variations in orchid species.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo fazer uso da Modelagem de Equações Estruturais – MEE, para avaliar a qualidade do modelo empregado pela Universidade Estadual do Ceará (UECE), no processo de seleção de seus vestibulandos, o qual é baseado na Teoria Clássica dos Testes (TCT), assim como propor ajuste a esse modelo pelo uso da Análise Fatorial de Segunda Ordem e da Análise de Regressão, via MEE. Utilizou-se um banco de dados composto dos resultados das provas de 11.060 candidatos ao vestibular de 2018.1, cujo tratamento se deu por meio do software IBM SPSS Amos (2013, v.22), obtendo-se os seguintes indicadores de qualidade: CFI ( Comparative Fit Index ) = 0,925; GFI ( Goodness-of-fit Index ) = 0,965; TLI ( Tucker Lewis Index ) = 0,922, e RMSEA ( Root Mean Square Error of Aproximation ) = 0,019. Juntos, esses indicadores demonstraram que o modelo é robusto e bastante consistente, apresentando um R 2 (Coeficiente de Correlação de Pearson ) = 0,965, indicando que a proporção das covariâncias observadas entre as variáveis manifestas e explicada pelo modelo ajustado é bastante significativa. Todas as variáveis do modelo ajustado apresentaram elevados coeficientes de regressão com valores entre 0,87 e 0,99, permitindo uma boa discriminação entre as notas dos vestibulandos, principalmente aqueles com o mesmo número de questões respondidas corretamente.

Abstract The objective of this study is to make use of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in evaluating the model employed by the State University of Ceará (Uece) in the selection process of prospective students, which is based on the Classical Test Theory (CCT), as well as to propose adjustments to this model through the use of Second Order Factor Analysis and Regression Analysis, via MME. The data set used is comprised of results of 11,060 admission exams from the year 2018.1. AMOS/SPSS-v.22 software was used to process the data, obtaining the following quality indicators: CFI (Comparative Fit Index) = 0.925; GFI (Goodness-of-fit Index) = 0.965; TLI (Tucker Lewis Index) = 0.922, and RMSEA (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation) = 0.019. Together, these indicators demonstrate that the model is robust and highly consistent, presenting a R2 (Pearson Correlation Coefficient) = 0.965, indicating that the proportion of covariates, observed among the manifest variables and explained by the adjusted model, is very significant. All the variables of the adjusted model present elevated regression coefficients with values between 0.874 e 0.996, allowing for good discrimination between applicant scores, especially for those with the same number of correct question responses.

Resumen Este estudio tuvo como objetivo hacer uso del Modelo de Ecuación Estructural - MEE, para evaluar la calidad del modelo utilizado por la Universidad Estatal de Ceará (Uece), en el proceso de selección de sus exámenes de ingreso, el cual se basa en la Teoría Clásica de Pruebas (TCT), además de proponer el ajuste a este modelo mediante el uso de Análisis Factorial de Segundo Orden y Análisis de Regresión, vía MEE. Se utilizó una base de datos compuesta por los resultados de las pruebas de 11.060 candidatos a la prueba de ingreso 2018, la cual fue procesada utilizando el software AMOS/SPSS-v.22, obteniendo los siguientes indicadores de calidad: CFI (Comparative Fit Index) = 0,925; GFI (Goodness-of-fit Index) = 0,965; TLI (Tucker Lewis Index) = 0,922 y RMSEA (Root Mean Square Error of Aproximation) = 0,019. Juntos, estos indicadores demostraron que el modelo es robusto y bastante consistente, presentando un R2 (Coeficiente de Correlación de Pearson) = 0.965 indicando que la proporción de covarianza observada entre las variables manifestadas y explicada por el modelo ajustado es bastante significativa. Todas las variables del modelo ajustado mostraron altos coeficientes de regresión con valores entre 0,87 y 0,99, lo que permitió una buena discriminación entre las calificaciones de los estudiantes, especialmente aquellos con el mismo número de preguntas respondidas correctamente.

Resumo Introdução: A ventilação não invasiva (VNI) é uma opção válida, ainda que não consensual, no tratamento de doentes com falência respiratória aguda. O presente artigo tem o objetivo de identificar fatores preditores de resposta à VNI neste grupo de doentes. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo longitudinal que incluiu todos os doentes admitidos numa unidade de cuidados intensivos nos anos 2016 e 2017, nos quais a VNI foi utilizada no decurso de falência respiratória aguda de novo (PaO2/FiO2 < 200). Foram incluídos doentes com pneumonia adquirida na comunidade (PAC) e síndrome da dificuldade respiratória aguda (SDRA) e comparados doentes com resposta à VNI com os não respondedores. Resultados: Entre 2016 e 2017, 83 doentes com falência respiratória aguda de novo foram tratados com VNI. Destes, 50 (60%) foram tratados com sucesso. A causa mais comum de falência respiratória foi a PAC, que registou valores de resposta à VNI de 70%. Doentes respondedores à terapêutica de ventilação não invasiva apresentaram scores de gravidade (APACHE 2; SAPS 2; SOFA) inferiores à admissão (17,5; 37,5; 6 vs 22; 48; 9, p=0,014, p<0,01 e p<0,01, respetivamente). Os não respondedores apresentaram valores significativamente inferiores de pH arterial (7,35 vs 7,42, p<0,01), rácio PaO2/FiO2 (118 vs 145, p=0,03), e valores significativamente superiores de lactato sérico (2,2 vs 1,46, p<0,01) assim como maior necessidade de suporte vasopressor (51,5% vs 30%, p=0,04). No que diz respeito a dados gasimétricos após início de VNI, o rácio PaO2/FiO2 registou um aumento superior e estatisticamente significativo no grupo de doentes com resposta à VNI (+53, p<0,01 vs +14, p=0,09). Conclusão: A VNI foi eficaz como estratégia ventilatória em 60% dos doentes com falência respiratória aguda. Os doentes que aparentam ter maior probabilidade de resposta à introdução da VNI são: doentes com PAC, com ou sem SDRA moderado (em detrimento do SDRA severo), doentes sem acidemia respiratória e doentes sem hiperlactacidemia e/ou necessidade de suporte vasopressor. A melhoria do ratio PaO2/FiO2 após as primeiras duas horas de VNI parece ser um bom preditor de sucesso.

Abstract Introduction: Non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) is a valid, albeit non-consensual option for the treatment of patients with Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF). The following article has the main goal of identifying predictors of therapeutic response to NIV. Methods: Retrospective longitudinal study which included patients in an Intensive Care Unit in 2016 and 2017, in whom NIV was started once they developed de novo ARF (PaO2/FiO2 < 200). We included patients with community acquired pneumonia (CAP) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and compared NIV-responders to non-responders. Results: Between 2016 and 2017, 83 patients with de novo ARF were treated with NIV. Of those, 50 (60%) were treated successfully. The most common cause of ARF was CAP, which was successfully managed with NIV in 70% of cases. NIV-responders presented lower severity scores (APACHE 2; SAPS 2; SOFA) at admission (17.5; 37.5; 6 vs 22; 48; 9, p=0.014, p=<0.01 and p<0.01, respectively). Non-responders presented significantly lower arterial pH values at admission (7.35 vs 7.42, p<0.01), PaO2/FiO2 ratio (118 vs 145, p=0.03), higher seric lactate (2.2 vs 1.46, p<0.01) as well as need for vasopressor support (51.5% vs 30%, p=0.04). The change in the PaO2/FiO2 ratio within 2 hours of treatment was wider in the group of NIV-responders, unlike non-responders (+53, p<0.01 vs +14, p=0.09). Conclusion: NIV was an effective respiratory support strategy in 60% of patients with de novo ARF. Patients who seem to have a higher probability of NIV success are: patients with CAP; with or without moderate ARDS, rather than severe; with no respiratory acidaemia; patients with no lactacidemia or patients with no need for vasopressor therapy. The ability of NIV to significantly alter the PaO2/FiO2 ratio after 2 hours of technique seems to be a good success predictor.

O texto aborda o Sistema Nacional de Avaliação do Ensino Superior - SINAES, instituído pela Lei 10. 861, de 2004, orientado por meio de indicadores de qualidade sendo, o Índice Geral dos Cursos - IGC, resultante do CPC - Conceito Preliminar de Curso, referente a graduação, e pelo Conceito Capes, indicador da qualidade dos cursos de pós-graduação stricto sensu. Pretendeu-se analisar, de forma quantitativa e qualitativa se o IGC ao considerar as realidades distintas dessas duas estruturas, graduação e pós-graduação, de formação acadêmica em um só indicador, não desvirtua mais ainda essa medida, quando pretende representar o quanto de qualidade possui uma IES? Responder essa questão se constitui o propósito desse artigo, ou seja, investigar a representatividade do IGC como efetivo conceito da qualidade das IES, analisando-se, em separado, como se comportam as medidas da graduação e da pós-graduação expressas no modelo matemático desse indicador. Como ponto de corte, decidiu-se trabalhar somente com os cursos ofertados pelas universidades federais. Portanto, nesse estudo, ao chamarmos atenção para a composição do cálculo do IGC, incorporando dados de mestrado e doutorado para indicar a qualidade dos cursos de graduação das universidades queremos lançar um olhar crítico sobre se tal composição espelha, de fato, a qualidade dos cursos de graduação.

The text covers the Sistema Nacional de Avaliação do Ensino Superior - SINAES, instituted by Law 10,861, of 2004, guided by means of quality indicators: the Índice Geral dos Cursos - IGC, resulting from CPC - Conceito Preliminar de Curso, referring to graduation, and by the Capes Concept, an indicator of the quality of postgraduate courses. We analyzed, in a quantitative and qualitative way, if the IGC, when considering the distinct realities of the of academic formation, undergraduate and postgraduate, in a single indicator, does not further distort this measure, when used with the intention to represent how much quality an IES (Instituto de Ensino Superior) has? Answering this question constitutes the purpose of this article, that is, to investigate the representativeness of the IGC as an effective concept of the quality of the IES, analyzing, separately, how the results for graduate and postgraduate students behave as expressed in the mathematical model of that indicator. As a cut-off point, we decided to work only with the courses offered by the federal universities. Therefore, in this study, when we studying the IGC calculation, which incorporates master and doctorate data to indicate the quality of undergraduate courses at universities, we want to take a critical look at whether such measure actually reflects the quality of the courses of graduation.

Resumo Objetivo As diferenças entre crianças na atividade física moderada a vigorosa não são aleatórias. Este estudo investiga a relevância das características em níveis individuais e escolares para explicar essas diferenças. Métodos Foram amostradas 307 crianças (154 meninas) entre 5 e 10 anos, de 19 escolas portuguesas. A estatura e o peso foram medidos e o índice de massa corporal foi calculado. O tempo gasto em atividade física moderada a vigorosa foi medido por acelerometria. A coordenação motora grossa foi avaliada com a bateria do Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder e o status socioeconômico foi obtido através do sistema de apoio social da escola. As características da escola foram obtidas através de uma auditoria escolar objetiva. Uma análise multinível foi utilizada como implantada no Stata 15. Resultados As escolas explicaram 18,2% da variância total da atividade física moderada a vigorosa, com o restante atribuído às diferentes características das crianças. Os meninos foram mais ativos (β = 29,59 ± 11,52, p < 0,05) e o fato de ter níveis mais altos de coordenação motora grossa (β = 0,11 ± 0,04, p < 0,05) foi positivamente associado com a atividade física moderada a vigorosa diária. Os mais velhos (β = -5,00 ± 1,57, p < 0,05) e com maior status socioeconômico (β = -7,89 ± 3,12, p < 0,05) foram negativamente relacionados com a atividade física moderada a vigorosa. Com base nos correlatos a nível escolar, apenas a dimensão da área recreativa foi significativamente associada aos níveis de atividade física moderada a vigorosa. As crianças das escolas com área recreativa média (40 m2 a 69 m2) e grande (≥ 70 m2) foram menos ativas do que as crianças com áreas recreativas com menores dimensões (10 m2 a 39 m2). Conclusões A variação na atividade física moderada a vigorosa de escolares é explicada principalmente por suas características individuais; as características da escola também desempenham um papel, mas em menor grau. Futuros programas de intervenção para mudar esse comportamento devem ser mais personalizados, enfatizar principalmente as características em nível individual.

Abstract Objective: Children's differences in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels are not at random. This study investigates the relevance of individual- and school-level characteristics in explaining these differences. Methods: In total, 307 children (154 girls) aged 5-10 years, from 19 Portuguese schools, were sampled. Height and weight were measured, and body mass index was calculated. Time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was measured by accelerometry. Gross motor coordination was assessed with the KörperkoordinationsTest für Kinder battery and socio-economic status was obtained via the school social support system. School characteristics were obtained with an objective school audit. A multilevel analysis was used as implemented in Stata 15. Results: Schools explained 18.2% of the total variance in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, with the remainder being ascribed to children's distinct characteristics. Boys were more active (β = 29.59 ± 11.52, p < 0.05), and having higher gross motor coordination levels (β = 0.11 ± 0.04, p < 0.05) was positively associated with daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, whereas being older (β = −5.00 ± 1.57, p < 0.05) and having higher socio-economic status (β = −7.89 ± 3.12, p < 0.05) were negatively related with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. From the school-level correlates, only playground dimension was significantly associated with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels. Children from schools with medium (40 m2 to 69 m2) and large playground dimensions (≥70 m2) were less active than children with smaller playground dimensions (10 m2 to 39 m2). Conclusions: Variation in school children's moderate-to-vigorous physical activity is mostly explained by their individual characteristics; school characteristics also play a role but to a smaller degree. Future intervention programs to change this behavior should be more personalized, emphasizing mostly individual-level characteristics.

Resumo Muitos estudos objetivaram desenvolver biomateriais terapêuticos alternativos para o reparo ósseo. O objetivo desta revisão sistemática foi avaliar o efeito da estatina carreada por fosfato de cálcio na formação e regeneração de tecido ósseo em modelos animais quando comparado com outros biomateriais ou coágulo. Esta revisão sistemática seguiu as recomendações do Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, PRISMA guidelines, e o Preclinical Systematic Review & Meta-analysis Facility (SyRF). O protocolo desta revisão sistemática foi registrado no PROSPERO (CRD42018091112) e no CAMARADES. Além disso, o guia ARRIVE foi utilizado com o objetivo de aumentar a qualidade e transparência do estudo. Uma pesquisa eletrônica foi realizada através do MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, e biblioteca do PROSPERO. Os autores utilizaram uma estratégia de busca específica para cada base de dados, e uma busca foi conduzida na literatura cinza e nas referências dos artigos selecionados. Os critérios de elegibilidade foram estudos em animais, os quais avaliaram o repara do ósseo tratado com fosfato de cálcio como carreador de estatina. O processo de seleção obteve 8 estudos dos 657 encontrados. Todos os estudos concluíram que a aplicação local da sinvastatina carreada pelo fosfato de cálcio é biocompatível, melhora o reparo ósseo e induz uma formação óssea significantemente maior que coágulo ou fosfato de cálcio sozinho. Em conclusão, os estudos pré-clínicos pertinentes evidenciaram a biocompatibilidade do fosfato de cálcio e sua eficácia na entrega do SIM para melhorar o reparo de defeitos ósseos. Assim, estudos clínicos são encorajados a investigar o impacto do SIM associado ao enxerto ósseo de fosfato de cálcio na reparação de defeito ósseo em humanos.

Abstract Several studies have aimed to develop alternative therapeutic biomaterials for bone repair. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate how statins carried by calcium phosphate affect the formation and regeneration of bone tissue in animal models when compared to other biomaterials or spontaneous healing. This systematic review followed the recommendations of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, the PRISMA guidelines, and the Preclinical Systematic Review & Meta-analysis Facility (SyRF). The protocol of this systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42018091112) and in CAMARADES. In addition, ARRIVE checklists were followed in order to increase the quality and transparency of the search. An electronic search was performed using the MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, and PROSPERO library databases. The authors used a specific search strategy for each database, and they also conducted a search in the grey literature and cross-references. The eligibility criteria were animal studies, which evaluated bone repair treated with calcium phosphate as a simvastatin carrier. The selection process yielded 8 studies from the 657 retrieved. All manuscripts concluded that locally applied simvastatin carried by calcium phosphate is biocompatible, enhanced bone repair and induced statistically greater bone formation than cloth or calcium phosphate alone. In conclusion, the pertinent pre-clinical studies evidenced the calcium phosphate biocompatibility and its effectiveness in delivering SIM to improve the repair of bone defects. So, clinical trials are encouraged to investigate the impact of SIM associated with calcium phosphate bone graft in repairing bone defect in humans.

Abstract INTRODUCTION Triatomine bugs are hematophagous insects that are extremely important in public health because they are natural vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease. In this study, we aimed to assess the occurrence of triatomine species and the natural T. cruzi infection in the Guaribas Valley territory, an endemic region for Chagas disease in northeastern Brazil. METHODS Insects were actively captured from July 2017 to October 2019 in the intra- and peridomiciles of 16 municipalities of the Guaribas Valley territory, in the southeast area of Piauí state. Triatomine species were identified following a taxonomic key, and natural infection was investigated through insects’ fresh feces exams. RESULTS A total of 430 triatomines were collected, including 211 nymphs and 219 adults. Of all collected specimens, 39 (9.1%) were from the intradomiciles and 391 (90.9%) from peridomiciles. Nine species, including two subspecies, could be identified: Triatoma brasiliensis brasiliensis, T. brasiliensis macromelasoma, T. pseudomaculata, T. sordida, T. juazeirensis, T. melanocephala, Panstrongylus lutzi, Rhodnius domesticus, R. nasutus, and R. robustus. T. brasiliensis were the most frequently collected bugs, representing 72% of all the identified insects. None of the examined invertebrates presented flagellate forms of T. cruzi. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of T. b. macromelasoma and T. juazeirensis in the Guaribas Valley territory. The persistence of triatomine species in the domiciles in an endemic area for Chagas disease emphasizes the relevance of entomological surveillance and vector control measures in the studied area.

A pancreatite crónica (PC) é uma doença complexa que deve ser tratada por equipas multidisciplinares experientes de gastrenterologistas, radiologistas, cirurgiões e nutricionistas. O tratamento médico inclui modificação do estilo de vida, nutrição, correção das insuficiências pancreáticas endócrina e exócrina e controle da dor. Até 60% dos doentes podem necessitar de algum tipo de terapêutica endoscópica ou cirúrgica. No entanto, independentemente da modalidade, elas serão ineficazes, se não se alcançar cessação tabágica e etílica. A cirurgia desempenha um papel importante no tratamento dos doentes com dor crónica intratável ou lesões pancreáticas suspeitas. Outras complicações como obstrução biliar, gastroduodenal, ou drenagem de pseudocistos podem ser tratadas endoscopicamente. As recomendações sobre PC foram desenvolvidas pelo Clube Português do Pâncreas (CPP), com base numa revisão da literatura para responder a questões predefinidas, posteriormente discutidos e aprovados por todos os membros do CPP. As recomendações encontram-se separadas em duas partes: “etiologia da pancreatite crónica, história natural e diagnóstico” e “tratamento médico, endoscópico e cirúrgico da pancreatite crónica.” Este resumo corresponde à parte II.

Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a complex disease that should be treated by experienced teams of gastroenterologists, radiologists, surgeons, and nutritionists in a multidisciplinary environment. Medical treatment includes lifestyle modification, nutrition, exocrine and endocrine pancreatic insufficiency correction, and pain management. Up to 60% of patients will ultimately require some type of endoscopic or surgical intervention for treatment. However, regardless of the modality, they are often ineffective unless smoking and alcohol cessation is achieved. Surgery retains a major role in the treatment of CP patients with intractable chronic pain or suspected pancreatic mass. For other complications like biliary or gastroduodenal obstruction, pseudocyst drainage can be performed endoscopically. The recommendations for CP were developed by Clube Português do Pâncreas (CPP), based on literature review to answer predefined topics, subsequently discussed and approved by all members of CPP. Recommendations are separated in two parts: “chronic pancreatitis etiology, natural history, and diagnosis,” and “chronic pancreatitis medical, endoscopic, and surgical treatment.” This abstract pertains to part II.

In this study, P. divaricatum (Piperaceae) plants were subcultured by cuttings and cell tissue in order to carry out a comparison of the volatile profile, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity. Propagation by cuttings used vermiculite substrate and Murashige-Skoog (MS) medium in the absence of growth regulators and rooting started at 15 days of growth providing a higher number of plants after 90 days. In vitro propagation was performed using shoot apices as explants in MS media supplemented with 0.5 mg mL-1 BA (6-benzyladenine). Volatile profiles analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) showed as main compounds methyl eugenol, E-β-ocimene, and β-elemene in the in vivo and in vitro cultures. Phenolic contents determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method had no significant difference at the end of 90 days of growth displaying a good linear correlation with antioxidant activity and phenylpropanoids amounts (r > 0.7). However, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging was higher for in vitro plants grown in comparison to in vivo plants cultured.

A pancreatite crónica (PC) é uma doença heterogénea, com diferentes etiologias, muitas vezes, com um longo período entre o início de sintomatologia e a apresentação clínica clássica. A clínica depende do estadio da doença, sendo que nos estadios iniciais, predominam episódios recorrentes de pancreatite aguda; com a progressão da doença, os episódios agudos tornam-se menos frequentes, e a dor adota padrões diferentes, podendo inclusive desaparecer; a insuficiência funcional desenvolve-se 10 a 15 anos após o início, assumindo-se então, a apresentação clássica com dor, insuficiência pancreática exócrina e endócrina. O diagnóstico pode ser desafiador nos estadios iniciais da doença, já que a apresentação inicial é geralmente mal definida e se sobrepõe a outros patologias gastrointestinais. A TAC e CPRM devem ser os primeiros métodos de imagem em doentes com suspeita de PC. Se os resultados forem normais ou ambíguos, a próxima opção deve ser a ecoendoscopia. A CPRE é uma técnica principalmente terapêutica, sendo que para fins de diagnóstico, deve ser reservada para quando todas os outros exames de imagem/testes de função pancreática forem inconclusivos. Testes indiretos de função pancreática devem ser usados para quantificação do grau de insuficiência pancreática em doentes com PC já estabelecida. As recomendações sobre PC foram desenvolvidas pelo Clube Português do Pâncreas (CPP), com base numa revisão da literatura para responder a questões predefinidas, posteriormente discutidos e aprovados por todos os membros do CPP. As recomendações encontram-se separadas em duas partes: “etiologia da pancreatite crónica, história natural e diagnóstico” e “tratamento médico, endoscópico e cirúrgico da pancreatite crónica.” Este resumo corresponde à parte I.

Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a heterogeneous disease, with different causes and often a long delay between onset and full classic presentation. Clinical presentation depends on the stage of the disease. In earlier stages, recurrent episodes of acute pancreatitis are the major signs dominating clinical presentation. As the inflammatory process goes on, less acute episodes occur, and pain adopts different aspects or may even disappear. After 10-15 years from onset, functional insufficiency occurs. Then, a classic presentation with pain and pancreatic exocrine and endocrine insufficiency appears. Diagnosis remains challenging in the early stages of the disease, as its initial presentation is usually ill-defined and overlaps with other digestive disorders. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography should be the first choice in patients with suspected CP. If the results are normal or equivocal but still there is a high suspicion of CP, the next option should be endoscopic ultrasound. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is mainly a therapeutic technique, and for the diagnostic purpose should only be used when all other imaging modalities and pancreatic function tests have been exhausted. Indirect tests are used to quantify the degree of insufficiency in already-established late CP. Recommendations on CP were developed by Clube Português do Pâncreas (CPP), based on literature review to answer predefined topics, subsequently discussed and approved by all members of CPP. Recommendations are separated in two parts: “chronic pancreatitis etiology, natural history, and diagnosis,” and “chronic pancreatitis medical, endoscopic, and surgical treatment.” This abstract pertains to part I.

ABSTRACT Objective This study investigated the familial aggregation and heritability of markers of metabolic risk, physical activity, and physical fitness in nuclear families from Muzambinho (Minas Gerais, Brazil). Subjects and methods The study included members of 139 families, comprising 97 fathers (aged 40 ± 7 years), 129 mothers (35 ± 6 years), 136 sons (12 ± 4 years), and 121 daughters (12 ± 5 years). Evaluated markers included (A) body mass index, waist circumference, glycemia, and cholesterolemia, as metabolic risk markers; (B) total weekly volume of physical activity, as a physical activity marker; and (C) relative muscle strength, as a physical fitness marker. Correlations between family members and heritability (h2) were estimated using the software S.A.G.E. Results Significant familial correlations were obtained between parents-offspring for glycemia and cholesterolemia (both ρ = 0.21, p < 0.05) and relative muscle strength (ρ = 0.23, p < 0.05), and between siblings for waist circumference, glycemia, total weekly volume of physical activity, and relative muscle strength (ρ variation 0.25 to 0.36, p < 0.05). Heritability values were significant for almost all variables (h2 variations: 20% to 57% for metabolic risk markers, 22% for the total weekly volume of physical activity, and 50% for relative muscle strength), except for waist circumference (h2 = 15%, p = 0.059). Conclusion The presence of significant correlations between family members and/or significant heritability strengthens the possible genetic and/or common familial environment influence on metabolic risk markers, total weekly volume of physical activity, and relative muscle strength.

Ocimum gratissimum oil is used for various medicinal, food and cosmetic applications due to its high chemical variability. Local businesses have considered the economic exploitation of this plant. A specimen sampled at São Luís, MA, Brazil, with thymol and derivatives oil, was subjected to seasonal and circadian study, and to antifungal and antioxidant assays. It was possible to observe that the weather conditions showed a direct influence on the oil yield and variation of its constituents, mainly oxygenated monoterpenes and monoterpene hydrocarbons, with the predominance of thymol, γ-terpinene, and p-cymene. Principal component analysis (PCA) was able to justify the oil chemical variability of the seasonal (70%) and circadian (86%) study. Oil displayed inhibition for the fungus Corynespora cassiicola at a concentration above 0.3 µL mL-1, and it showed a more significant activity by comparison to thymol. Using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical assay, the oil antioxidant activity was about 75% of thymol.