ABSTRACT The use of tank mixtures has long been a practice in the phytosanitary management of agricultural crops. However, when different molecules are mixed in a tank, interactions may occur that reduce the efficiency of the products and cause a loss of selectivity in the crops. The aim of this study was to evaluate selectivity in maize, with a tank mixture of different phytosanitary products recommended for use with the crop. The following products were used: herbicides - Sanson®, Soberan®, Callisto®, Zapp Pro®; fungicides - Priori Xtra®, Nativo®, Tebufort®, Aproach Prima®; insecticides - Connect®, Lorsban® 480 BR, Karate Zeon®; and nutrition - Kellus Manganese®, Kellus Blindex®. The experimental units consisted of 5-litre pots, containing two plants per pot, with the products applied at phenological stage V6. Assessments were made of phytotoxicity, transient chlorophyll a fluorescence, chlorophyll content and shoot dry weight. The data obtained in the experiment were submitted to ANOVA (p ≤ 0.05), and when significant, to the Scott-Knott test (p ≤ 0.05). The maize crop suffered phytotoxicity of up to 30%, with the plants recovering from 28 DAA. The phytotoxicity was caused by mixing the different products in the spraying solution, mainly due to the synergism caused by the mixture of the herbicides nicosulfuron and tembotrione with the insecticide chlorpyrifos and the fertiliser Kellus Manganese®, which aggravated the incompatibility of some treatments. The results of this study defined which phytosanitary products recommended for use with maize should not be mixed in the same spraying solution due to the possibility of damaging the crop. crops However used Sanson Sanson® Soberan Soberan® Callisto Callisto® Pro® Pro Xtra Xtra® Nativo Nativo® Tebufort Tebufort® Prima® Prima Connect Connect® Lorsban 48 BR Zeon® Zeon Manganese Manganese® Blindex Blindex® 5litre litre 5 pots pot V6 V fluorescence weight p 0.05, 005 0.05 , 0 05 0.05) significant ScottKnott Scott Knott 0.05. . 30 30% 2 DAA treatments 4 00 0.0 3 0.

Abstract This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of four weed control strategies in forest setting stands linked by a set of Atlantic Forest tree species. Four treatments were employed: mechanical – manual hoeing and mowing; chemical – glyphosate herbicide application in the total area; chemical – cultural – herbicide spraying and herbaceous legume intercropping; chemical-mechanical – herbicide planting in rows and mowing in the interrows. Diameter, crown area and soil cover percentage of the eight tree species were assessed at 18 months. Herbicide spraying in total area promoted the greatest reduction in weed populations, as well as superior growth in height, diameter, crown area and soil cover of the tree species. More interventions were necessary in the treatment of mechanical weed control that has also shown the least growth of the tree species. The chemical method was the most effective in weed control and promoted the greatest growth of the tree species.

A presença de plantas daninhas em plantios de eucalipto, especialmente nos dois primeiros anos, pode acarretar grandes prejuízos à produtividade, pois reduz a eficiência de aproveitamento dos recursos de crescimento pela cultura. Assim, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar os efeitos da interferência de plantas daninhas sobre o crescimento inicial de dois clones de Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis e a concentração foliar de nutrientes na cultura e nas plantas daninhas. O experimento foi instalado em esquema fatorial 2 x 5 + 7, sendo dois clones de híbridos de Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis, identificados como CNB001 e CNB016, em competição com cinco plantas daninhas Urochloa decumbens (capim-braquiária), Ipomoea nil (corda-de-viola), Commelina diffusa (trapoeraba), Spermacoce latifolia (erva-quente) e Panicum maximum (capim-colonião). Adicionalmente, foram cultivados os dois clones de eucalipto e as cinco plantas daninhas em monocultivo como padrão de comparação, no delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados eucalipto através da altura de plantas, o diâmetro do coleto, o número de ramos, a área foliar, a matéria seca e, o teor foliar de nutrientes do eucalipto, bem como o teor de nutrientes nas folhas das plantas daninhas. O clone CNB001 apresentou crescimento inicial superior ao clone CNB016, no entanto, livre da interferência de plantas daninhas, verificaram-se teores foliares semelhantes para a maioria dos nutrientes em ambos os genótipos. O clone CNB016 mostrou maior sensibilidade à interferência negativa das plantas daninhas que o clone CNB001, sendo seu crescimento inicial mais afetado por Ipomoea nil e a concentração de nutrientes reduzida pelas espécies Panicum maximum, Urochloa decumbens e Commelina diffusa. Panicum maximum apresentou maior interferência com o clone CNB001, enquanto Ipomoea nil pouco influenciou o crescimento e o teor de nutrientes deste híbrido. As plantas daninhas apresentaram elevada capacidade de extrair nutrientes do solo, mesmo em convivência com os clones de Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis. A interferência imposta à cultura é dependente da espécie infestante e do genótipo de eucalipto.

The presence of weeds in eucalypt plantations, especially in the first two years, can result in losses of productivity because it reduces the efficiency of growth resource use by the crop. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of weed interference in two Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis clones on initial growth and nutrient foliar concentration in the crop and weeds. The experiment was conducted in a factorial 2 x 5 +7 in which it used two clones of Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis, identified as CNB001 and CNB016, competing with five weeds Urochloa decumbens, Ipomoea nil, Commelina diffusa, Spermacoce latifolia and Panicum maximum. Also the two eucalypt clones and the five weeds were grown in monoculture as a standard for comparison. It was used a completely randomized design with four replications. The eucalypt initial growth was evaluated by plant height, stem diameter, branches number, leaf area, dry matter and nutrient content in the leaves of eucalyptus. Nutrient concentration in leaves weed also was evaluated. The CNB001 clone showed initial growth upper at the clone CNB016. Free of weed interference both clones presented similar foliar contents for most nutrients. Clone CNB016 was more sensitive to competition with weeds than clone CNB001, being its initial growth most harmed by Ipomoea nil and concentration of nutrients reduced by Panicum maximum, Urochloa decumbens and Commelina diffusa. Panicum maximum showed greater interference with clone CNB001 while Ipomoea nil showed low negative influence in growth and nutrient concentration of crop. The weeds have high ability to extract nutrients from the soil in competition with Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis clones. The interference imposed on the culture is dependent on weed species and eucalypt genotype.

A extensão de uso de herbicidas já registrados para outras culturas, como o flumioxazin, se faz importante do ponto de vista do manejo integrado de plantas daninhas em plantios de eucalipto. Objetivou-se avaliar a eficácia de controle de plantas daninhas e a fitotoxicidade do flumioxazin aplicado isoladamente ou em mistura no tanque com isoxaflutole e sulfentrazone. Foi realizada a aplicação desses herbicidas sobre plantas de eucalipto, utilizando pulverizador costal de precisão. Foram realizadas avaliações de porcentagem visual de intoxicação, altura e diâmetro das plantas de eucalipto, e percentagem de massa seca e controle de plantas daninhas. Conclui-se que o flumioxazin é seletivo ao eucalipto até a dose de 125 g. ha-1, embora possa acusar algum tipo de injuria que é plenamente recuperável com o desenvolvimento das plantas. Sua eficácia de controle de plantas daninhas em pré-emergência foi melhor quando em mistura no tanque com isoxaflutole e sulfentrazone.

Flumioxazin is a registered herbicide for agricultural crops what is an important fact concerning integrated management for weeds in eucalyptus plantations. This study evaluated the efficiency of weed control and the phytotoxicity in eucalyptus plants caused by the herbicide flumioxazin applied alone or in tank mixture with sulfentrazone and isoxaflutole. The aim was to extend the use of this herbicide in eucalyptus. The herbicide was applied to eucalyptus plants using precision backpack sprayer. It was evaluated, visually, the intoxication percentage and measured height and diameter of eucalyptus trees, the control plants and dry mass of weeds. It was concluded that flumioxazin is selective to the eucalyptus at the 125 g.ha-1 dosage, and its efficiency in controlling weeds pre-emergence was better when mixed in the tank with isoxaflutole and sulfentrazone.