Abstract Hypertensive individuals present alterations in their calcium metabolism that consequently decrease the concentration of this mineral in the bone tissue. Objectives to evaluate the morphological and functional characteristics of the peri-implant bone tissue that was formed during the healing process by the placement implants using two different surface treatments: hydrophilic Acqua™ (ACQ) and rough NeoPoros™ (NEO), in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive rats (Wistar) whether or not treated with losartan. Methodology In total, 96 male rats (48 Wistar and 48 SHR) were divided into eight subgroups: absolute control rough (COA NEO), absolute control hydrophilic (COA ACQ), losartan control rough (COL NEO), losartan control hydrophilic (COL ACQ), SHR absolute rough (SHR NEO), SHR absolute hydrophilic (SHR ACQ), SHR losartan rough (SHRL NEO), and SHR losartan hydrophilic (SHRL ACQ). The rats medicated with losartan received daily doses of the medication. NeoPoros™ and Acqua™ implants were installed in the tibiae of the rats. After 14 and 42 days of the surgery, the fluorochromes calcein and alizarin were injected in the rats. The animals were euthanized 67 days after treatment. The collected samples were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, biomechanics, microcomputerized tomography, and laser confocal scanning microscopy analysis. Results The osteocalcin (OC) and vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF) proteins had moderate expression in the SHRL ACQ subgroup. The same subgroup also had the highest implant removal torque. Regarding microarchitectural characteristics, a greater number of trabeculae was noted in the control animals that were treated with losartan. In the bone mineralization activity, it was observed that the Acqua™ surface triggered higher values of MAR (mineral apposition rate) in the COA, COL, and SHRL groups (p<0.05). Conclusion the two implant surface types showed similar responses regarding the characteristics of the peri-implant bone tissue, even though the ACQ surface seems to improve the early stages of osseointegration. periimplant peri treatments Acqua (ACQ NeoPoros NEO, NEO , (NEO) (Wistar total 9 (4 4 subgroups COA NEO) ACQ, ACQ) COL ACQ. . medication 1 surgery 6 treatment immunohistochemistry biomechanics tomography analysis OC (OC VEGF (VEGF torque activity rate p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 0 05 (p<0.05) osseointegration (NEO ( p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 p<0 (p<0. p< (p<0 (p< (p

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma avaliação comparativa de dois diferentes substitutos ósseos xenogênicos na consolidação óssea de defeitos ósseos de tamanho crítico (Ø = 5 mm) criados em calvária de ratos. Trinta animais foram randomizados em 3 grupos: no grupo controle (n=10), os defeitos foram preenchidos com coágulos sanguíneos; no grupo BO (n=10), os defeitos foram preenchidos com substituto ósseo medular bovino (Bio-Oss®) e no grupo BF (n=10), os defeitos foram preenchidos com substituto ósseo cortical bovino (Bonefill®). Todos os defeitos foram cobertos com membrana absorvível. Cinco animais de cada grupo foram eutanasiados aos 30 e 45 dias de pós-operatório, logo após foram realizadas análises histomorfométricas e imuno-histoquímicas. A histomorfometria foi utilizada para mensurar a porcentagem de neoformação óssea na área total do defeito original enquanto a imunohistoquímica avaliou a expressão de imunomarcadores ósseos para proteína morfogenética óssea 2/4 (BMP2/4), osteocalcina (OCN) e fosfatase ácida resistente ao tartarato (TRAP). Todos os dados foram analisados estatisticamente com nível de significância de 5%. Os resultados demonstraram que o grupo BO apresentou maior formação óssea em comparação ao grupo BF aos 30 dias (P<0,05). No entanto, não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos controle e BO aos 30 dias (P>0,05). As expressões de OCN e BMP2/4 foram maiores no grupo BO aos 45 dias em comparação ao BF aos 30 e 45 dias respectivamente (P<0,05). Concluiu-se que mesmo com a diferença da alta expressão de proteínas relacionadas a formação óssea, ambos os biomateriais não demonstraram diferenças na indução de formação óssea após 45 dias pós-operatório. Ø mm ratos n=10, n10 n n=10 , 10 (n=10) sanguíneos BioOss® BioOss Bio Oss® Oss (Bio-Oss® Bonefill®. Bonefill Bonefill® . (Bonefill®) absorvível 4 pósoperatório, pósoperatório pós operatório, operatório pós-operatório imunohistoquímicas. imunohistoquímicas imuno histoquímicas. histoquímicas imuno-histoquímicas 24 2 2/ BMP2/4, BMP24 BMP BMP2 (BMP2/4) (OCN TRAP. TRAP (TRAP) 5% P<0,05. P005 P P<0,05 0 05 (P<0,05) entanto P>0,05. P>0,05 (P>0,05) BMP2/ Concluiuse Concluiu se pósoperatório. operatório. n1 n=1 1 (n=10 (Bio-Oss (Bonefill® (BMP2/4 (TRAP P00 P<0,0 (P<0,05 P>0,0 (P>0,05 n= (n=1 (Bonefill (BMP2/ P0 P<0, (P<0,0 P>0, (P>0,0 (n= (BMP2 P<0 (P<0, P>0 (P>0, (n (BMP P< (P<0 P> (P>0 (P< (P> (P

Abstract The purpose of this study was to provide an evaluation of two different xenogeneic bone substitutes in bone healing of critical-sized bone defects (Ø =5mm) created in rats calvaria. Thirty animals were randomized into 3 groups with one of the following treatments. In the control group (n=10), the defects were filled with blood clots; BO group (n=10), the defects were filled with bovine medullary bone substitute (Bio-Oss®); BF group (n=10), the defects were filled with bovine cortical bone substitute (Bonefill®). All defects were covered with an absorbable membrane. Five animals from each group were euthanized at 30 and 45 days, subsequently histomorphometrical and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. The histomorphometry was used to measure the percentage of new bone formation in the total area of the defect while the immunohistochemistry evaluated the expression of bone immunomarkers for bone morphogenetic protein 2/4 (BMP2/4), osteocalcin (OCN) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). Data was statistically analyzed with a 5% significance level. The results demonstrated that the BO group showed greater bone formation compared to the BF group at 30 days (P<0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the control and BO groups at 30 days (P>0.05). The expression of BMP2/4 and OCN were higher in the BO group at 45 days compared to the BF at 30 and 45 days respectively (P<0.05). In conclusion, even with the higher expression of proteins related to bone formation, there was no difference in new bone formation at 45 days when both anorganic bovine xenogenous grafts were evaluated. criticalsized critical sized Ø =5mm 5mm mm calvaria treatments n=10, n10 n n=10 , 10 (n=10) clots BioOss® BioOss Bio Oss® Oss (Bio-Oss®) Bonefill®. Bonefill Bonefill® . (Bonefill®) membrane 4 performed 24 2 2/ BMP2/4, BMP24 BMP BMP2 (BMP2/4) (OCN tartrateresistant tartrate resistant TRAP. TRAP (TRAP) 5 level P<0.05. P005 P P<0.05 0 05 (P<0.05) However P>0.05. P>0.05 (P>0.05) BMP2/ conclusion n1 n=1 1 (n=10 (Bio-Oss® (Bonefill® (BMP2/4 (TRAP P00 P<0.0 (P<0.05 P>0.0 (P>0.05 n= (n=1 (Bio-Oss (Bonefill (BMP2/ P0 P<0. (P<0.0 P>0. (P>0.0 (n= (BMP2 P<0 (P<0. P>0 (P>0. (n (BMP P< (P<0 P> (P>0 (P< (P> (P

Resumo Introdução a demanda do cuidador em atender as necessidades de indivíduos com transtorno do espectro autista (TEA), pode influenciar na sua qualidade de vida. Objetivo o objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar a sobrecarga de cuidadores de indivíduos com TEA com indivíduos neurotípicos (N) e avaliar a correlação do impacto da saúde bucal com a sobrecarga desses cuidadores. Material e método os participantes foram divididos em dois grupos: Grupo TEA (TEA; n=35) e Grupo Neurotípico (N; n=35). Foi aplicado aos cuidadores um questionário de características sociodemográficas. A sobrecarga dos cuidadores foi medida pelo questionário Burden Interview (BI). Foi analisado o índice de placa visível (IPV) das crianças. Os dados foram submetidos a análise estatística (α=5%). Resultado no grupo TEA a maioria dos participantes eram parcialmente dependentes, sendo a maioria dependentes na higienização bucal. No grupo N a maioria eram independentes e autossuficientes na higienização bucal. Metade dos cuidadores do grupo TEA apresentaram sobrecargas leve à moderada (54,3%). No grupo N constatou-se que a maioria enquadrava-se em nenhuma sobrecarga (65,7%). Na análise comparativa dos dados do questionário BI foram observadas diferenças significantes entre os grupos nas questões (p<0,001) que são diretamente relacionadas com os cuidados com os filhos. Com relação ao IPV das crianças do grupo TEA e N comparadas ao nível de sobrecarga, observou-se que não houve diferenças significativas entre os grupos. Conclusão os cuidadores do grupo TEA apresentam maior sobrecarga quando comparados ao grupo N e não houve correlação entre a sobrecarga e o grau de higiene bucal. TEA, , (TEA) vida (N (TEA n=35 n35 n 35 n=35. . sociodemográficas BI. (BI) (IPV α=5%. α5 α α=5% 5 (α=5%) 54,3%. 543 54,3% 54 3 (54,3%) constatouse constatou se enquadravase enquadrava 65,7%. 657 65,7% 65 7 (65,7%) p<0,001 p0001 p 0 001 (p<0,001 filhos observouse observou n=3 n3 (BI α=5 (α=5% 54,3 (54,3% 65,7 6 (65,7% p<0,00 p000 00 (p<0,00 n= α= (α=5 54, (54,3 65, (65,7 p<0,0 p00 (p<0,0 (α= (54, (65, p<0, p0 (p<0, (α (54 (65 p<0 (p<0 (5 (6 p< (p< ( (p

Abstract Introduction the caregiver's demand to meet the needs of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can influence their quality of life. Objective the objective of the present study was to compare the burden on caregivers of individuals with ASD with individuals neurotypical (N) and to evaluate the correlation of the impact of oral health with the burden on these caregivers. Material and method participants were divided into two groups: ASD Group (ASD; n=35) and Neurotypical Group (N; n=35). A sociodemographic characteristics questionnaire was administered to caregivers. Caregiver burden was measured using the Burden Interview (BI) questionnaire. The visible plaque index (VPI) of children was analyzed. The data were submitted to statistical analysis (α=5%). Result in the group ASD, the majority of participants were partially dependent, with the majority being dependent on oral hygiene. In group N, the majority were independent and self-sufficient in oral hygiene. Half of the caregivers in the group ASD felt mild to moderate burden (54.3%), while in group N it was found that more than half of them had no burden (65.7%). In the comparative analysis of data from the BI questionnaire, significant differences were observed between the groups in questions (p <0.001), which are directly related to childcare. Regarding the VPI of children in the group ASD and N groups compared to the level of burden, it was observed that there were no significant differences between the groups. Conclusion ASD caregivers have a greater burden when compared to N caregivers and the degree of burden did not influence the oral hygiene of the child with ASD. caregiver s (ASD life (N n=35 n35 n 35 n=35. . (BI (VPI analyzed α=5%. α5 α α=5% 5 (α=5%) selfsufficient self sufficient 54.3%, 543 54.3% , 54 3 (54.3%) 65.7%. 657 65.7% 65 7 (65.7%) p <0.001, 0001 <0.001 0 001 <0.001) childcare n=3 n3 α=5 (α=5% 54.3 (54.3% 65.7 6 (65.7% 000 <0.00 00 n= α= (α=5 54. (54.3 65. (65.7 <0.0 (α= (54. (65. <0. (α (54 (65 <0 (5 (6 < (

Resumo Introdução o nascimento de uma criança com deficiência intelectual exige dos pais a definição de suas funções em relação aos cuidados com a criança. Objetivo investigar o quanto as práticas de cuidados parentais, características sociodemográficas, comportamentais e o conhecimento familiar podem ter impacto na saúde bucal de crianças com deficiência intelectual na faixa etária de zero a seis anos de idade. Material e método foi avaliado o nível de ajuda cedida à criança na prática de higiene bucal de acordo com a escala de independência funcional adaptada. A Escala de Crenças Parentais e Práticas de Cuidado avaliou os cuidados primários e a estimulação oferecida à criança. Foram analisados a presença de placa dentária e o índice ceo-d. O nível de significância foi de 5%. Resultado a porcentagem relativa de placa dentária foi de 11,4%. O índice ceo-d foi de 2. A prevalência de dentes com extração indicada é maior em crianças que recebem ajuda total para higienização, quando comparadas as que recebem ajuda máxima, moderada ou supervisão. Níveis mais elevados de placa dentária e dentes cariados foram encontrados nas crianças cujos pais avaliaram a saúde dental como ruim, a higiene como deficiente e quando acreditavam que os filhos podem sentir desconforto em razão de seu estado de saúde bucal. Baixa frequência de estimulação resultou em maior índice de placa e número de dentes cariados. Conclusão a frequência de estimulação dos cuidados parentais influenciou na porcentagem do índice de placa e no número de dentes cariados nas crianças com deficiência intelectual.

Abstract Introduction the birth of a child with an intellectual disability requires the definition of the parents' roles in relation to the care of the child. Objective evaluate how much parental care practices, sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics and family knowledge can have an impact on the oral health of children with intellectual disabilities in the age group from zero to six years of age. Material and method the level of help given to the child in the practice of oral hygiene was evaluated according to the adapted functional independence scale. The Parental Beliefs and Care Practices Scale assessed primary care and stimulation offered to the child. The presence of dental plaque and the decay-missing-filled teeth (DMFT) index were analyzed. The significance level was 5%. Result the relative percentage of dental plaque was 11.4%. The DMFT was 2. The prevalence of teeth with indicated extraction is higher in children who receive full assistance for cleaning, when compared to those who receive maximum, moderate help or supervision. Higher levels of dental plaque and decayed teeth were found in children whose parents rated their dental health as poor, hygiene as deficient, and when they believed their children might feel discomfort due to their oral health. Low stimulation frequency resulted in a higher plaque index and number of decayed teeth. Conclusion the frequency of parental care stimulation influenced the percentage of plaque index and the number of decayed teeth in children with intellectual disabilities.

Abstract Hypertension is one of the main causes of premature death in the world; also, it is associated with several bone alterations. Preclinical studies have demonstrated delayed alveolar bone healing in hypertensive rats. However, losartan has been favorable for consolidation of bone grafts and reduction in active periodontitis. Therefore, losartan is suggested to be effective in bone formation stages, as well as in the synthesis of matrix proteins and mineralization. Objectives: To evaluate the alveolar bone dynamics in hypertensive rats treated with losartan by laser confocal microscopy and histological analysis. Methodology: Thirty-two rats, 16 spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and 16 Wistar albinus rats, treated or not with losartan (30 mg/kg/day) were used. Calcein fluorochrome at 21 days and alizarin red fluorochrome at 49 days were injected in rats (both 20 mg/kg). The animals were submitted to euthanasia 67 days after treatment, and then the right maxilla was removed for laser confocal microscopy analysis and the left maxilla for histological analysis. Results: This study showed a greater calcium marking in normotensive animals treated with losartan in relation to the other groups. Laser confocal microscopy parameters showed higher values of bone volume formed, mineralized surface, active surface of mineralization and bone formation rate in normotensive animals treated with losartan. However, a smaller mineralized surface was observed in all hypertensive animals. Conclusion: Losartan can improve bone mineralization parameters under normal physiological conditions, but the same anabolic effect does not occur under hypertension.

Abstract Alveolar bone healing after upper incisor extraction in rats is a classical model of preclinical studies. The underlying morphometric, cellular and molecular mechanism, however, remains imprecise in a unique study. Objectives The aim of this study was therefore to characterize the alveolar bone healing after upper incisor extraction in rats by micro computed tomographic (Micro-CT), immunohistochemical and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. Material and Methods Thirty animals (Rattus norvegicus, Albinus Wistar) were divided into three groups after upper incisors extraction at 7, 14, and 28 days. Micro-CT was evaluated based on the morphometric parameters. Subsequently, the histological analyses and immunostaining of osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear kappa B ligand (RANKL) and tartrate resistant acid phosphate (TRAP) was performed. In addition, RT-PCR analyses of OPG, RANKL, the runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osteocalcin (OC), osteopontin (OPN), osterix (OST) and receptor activator of nuclear kappa B (RANK) were performed to determine the expression of these proteins in the alveolar bone healing. Results Micro-CT: The morphometric parameters of bone volume and trabecular thickness progressively increased over time. Consequently, a gradual decrease in trabecular separation, trabecular space and total bone porosity was observed. Immunohistochemical: There were no differences statistically significant between the positive labeling for OPG, RANKL and TRAP in the different periods. RT-PCR: At 28 days, there was a significant increase in OPG expression, while RANKL expression and the RANKL/OPG ratio both decreased over time. Conclusion Micro-CT showed the newly formed bone had favorable morphometric characteristics of quality and quantity. Beyond the RUNX2, OC, OPN, OST, and RANK proteins expressed in the alveolar bone healing, OPG and RANKL activity showed to be essential for activation of basic multicellular units during the alveolar bone healing.