Abstract This systematic review aims to provide preclinical evidence of the antimicrobial efficacy of natural endodontic solutions (NES) compared to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine (CHX) against Enterococcus faecalis. The study followed the PRISMA guidelines and had a registered protocol (PROSPERO – CRD42021224022). The inclusion criteria comprised ex vivo studies simulating root canal irrigation to assess the standardized mean difference of colony-forming units (CFUs). Records were systematically identified in PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, SciELO, Web of Science, LILACS, DANS Easy, and BDTD databases in January 2024. The RoBDEMAT tool helped determine the risk of bias. As for the network meta-analysis, CFU data were collected pre- and post-irrigation protocols as an effect measure. Thirty-five studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the qualitative analysis, and seven studies were eligible for the network meta-analysis. The total sample consisted of 1,504 root canals. Among the tested solutions, apple cider vinegar combined with 2.5% NaOCl showed the highest probability of reducing CFUs after root canal irrigation (95%CI: -0.76–0.20), followed by 2% CHX and NaOCl (considering the different concentrations [95%CI: -0.32–0.17]). The bias assessment revealed significant omissions in reporting, particularly regarding sample size calculation, sample randomization, and operator blinding. The obtained evidence demonstrated that, even though NES did not overcome NaOCl, they have antimicrobial potential against Enterococcus faecalis. (NES (NaOCl (CHX faecalis PROSPERO CRD42021224022. CRD42021224022 CRD . CRD42021224022) colonyforming colony forming CFUs. (CFUs) PubMed Scopus EMBASE SciELO Science LILACS Easy 2024 metaanalysis, metaanalysis meta analysis meta-analysis pre postirrigation post measure Thirtyfive Thirty five metaanalysis. analysis. 1504 1 504 1,50 canals 25 2 5 2.5 95%CI 95CI CI 95 (95%CI 0.76–0.20, 076020 0.76–0.20 , 0 76 20 -0.76–0.20) considering [95%CI 0.32–0.17. 032017 0.32–0.17 32 17 -0.32–0.17]) reporting calculation randomization blinding that CRD4202122402 (CFUs 202 150 50 1,5 2. 9 07602 0.76–0.2 7 -0.76–0.20 03201 0.32–0.1 3 -0.32–0.17] CRD420212240 15 1, 0760 0.76–0. -0.76–0.2 0320 0.32–0. -0.32–0.17 CRD42021224 076 0.76–0 -0.76–0. 032 0.32–0 -0.32–0.1 CRD4202122 07 0.76– -0.76–0 03 0.32– -0.32–0. CRD420212 0.76 -0.76– 0.32 -0.32–0 CRD42021 0.7 -0.76 0.3 -0.32– CRD4202 0. -0.7 -0.32 CRD420 -0. -0.3 CRD42 -0 CRD4 -

Resumo O artigo objetiva perquirir a amplitude axiológica da categoria trabalho, dada sua relevância para a compreensão dos processos de resistência social contra o estranhamento do trabalho humano. Investiga o conceito ontológico de trabalho, as circunstâncias histórico-sociais que caracterizam o trabalho sob o modo de produção capitalista, além da importância da reivindicação social por um conteúdo emancipatório para o trabalho humano.

Abstract The paper aims to investigate the axiological amplitude of the category called labour, because of its relevance to understand the processes of social resistance against the estranged labour. It investigates the ontological concept of labour, the historical-social circumstances that characterize labour under the capitalist mode of production, as well as the importance of social claim for an emancipatory content for human labour.

Abstract This in vitro study evaluated the biocompatibility and abrasivity of whitening and conventional toothpastes. Samples of conventional (non-whitening) - Edel White Infant (EWI) - and whitening toothpastes - Edel White Whitening (EWW), Edel White CAREFORTE (EWC), Colgate Total 12 Ò Professional (C), and Oral-B Whitening (OB) - were dissolved in culture medium (0.2 g sample weight per mL). Human gingival fibroblasts (hGF) were placed in contact with different dilutions of culture media that had been previously exposed to these toothpastes. Cytotoxicity was then assessed using the methyl tetrazolium test (MTT) and the cell survival rate was determined. Genotoxicity was assessed by the micronucleus test (MNT) and the number of micronuclei was determined before and after exposure to the toothpaste solutions. The enamel surface roughness was evaluated in specimens of bovine teeth (n = 10 per group) before and after 10,000 brushing cycles, using the investigated toothpastes. The results were statistically analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test and two-way ANOVA (p < 0.05). According to the MTT assay, EWW and OB presented significant cytotoxicity (p < 0.01), but no genotoxic (MNT) effects (p > 0.05). C toothpaste was statistically significantly abrasive to the enamel surface (p < 0.01). The findings of this study may be helpful for individualized selection of commercial toothpastes, as some whitening toothpastes present significant cytotoxicity and conventional toothpaste cause significant surface changes.

Resumo Este estudo foi realizado para investigar o perfil microbiano e os níveis de endotoxina de lesões endoperiodontais de origem periodontal. Amostras periodontais e endodônticas foram obtidas de bolsas periodontais e canais radiculares necróticos de 10 dentes com lesões endoperiodontais. A investigação de 40 espécies bacterianas diferentes foram determinadas em cada amostra endodôntica e periodontal usando o método de hibridização de DNA-DNA (checkerboard) e o ensaio cinético cromogênico LAL foi usado para quantificação de endotoxinas. O teste exato de Fisher correlacionou as espécies bacterianas com a microbiota endodôntica ou periodontal. Os níveis de endotoxina (EU/mL) encontrados nas amostras do canal radicular e na bolsa periodontal foram comparados pelo teste de Wilcoxon (p<0,05). Bactérias e unidades de LPS foram encontradas em 100% das amostras endodônticas e periodontais. As espécies E. faecium, P. acnes, G. morbillorum, C. sputigena e L. buccalis foram fortemente correlacionadas com a microbiota endodôntica e P. nigrescens com a microbiota periodontal. P. intermedia, P. endodontalis e V. parvula foram mais prevalentes em ambas microbiotas endodôntica e periodontal. Os níveis de endotoxina na bolsa periodontal (89600 EU/mL) foram significativamente maiores do que no canal radicular (2310 EU/mL). Concluiu-se que a microbiota presente nos tecidos periodontal e endodôntico é semelhante, com maior prevalência de espécies do complexo laranja e maior nível de endotoxina nas bolsas periodontais.

Abstract This study was carried out to investigate the microbial profile and endotoxin levels of endodontic-periodontal lesions of periodontal origin. Periodontal and endodontic samples were taken from periodontal pockets and necrotic root canals of 10 teeth with endodontic-periodontal lesions. Evidencing of 40 different bacterial species were determined in each endodontic and periodontal sample using the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization method and Kinetic chromogenic LAL assay was used for quantification of endotoxins. Fisher’s exact test correlated the bacterial species with the endodontic or periodontal microbiota. The endotoxin levels (EU/mL) found in samples of the root canal and periodontal pocket were compared by the Wilcoxon test (p<0.05). Bacteria and LPS units were found in 100% of the endodontic and periodontal samples. The species E. faecium, P. acnes, G. morbillorum, C. sputigena and L. buccalis were strongly correlated with the endodontic microbiota and P. nigrescens with the periodontal microbiota. P. intermedia, P. endodontalis and V. parvula were more prevalent in both endodontic and periodontal microbiots. The endotoxin levels in the periodontal pocket (89600 EU/mL) were significantly higher than in the root canal (2310 EU/mL). It was concluded that the microbiota present in the periodontal and endodontic tissues is similar, with a higher prevalence of species of the orange complex and a higher level of endotoxin in the periodontal pockets.

Resumo O presente estudo objetivou comparar a eficácia do QMiX e do EDTA 17% associado à irrigação ultrassônica passiva (PUI) ou agitação manual (MA) na redução de E. faecalis, E. coli e LPS de canais radiculares. Quarenta dentes humanos unirradiculares foram divididos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos (n = 10), de acordo com o protocolo final de irrigação: EDTA+MA, QMiX+MA, EDTA+PUI, QMiX+PUI. Coletas das amostras foram obtidas a partir do conteúdo do canal radicular imediatamente antes do preparo (inicial-S1), após a instrumentação (S2), após o protocolo final de irrigação (S3) e 7 dias após a instrumentação e irrigação final (S4). A eficácia antimicrobiana e o conteúdo de endotoxina foram analisados por procedimento de cultura (UFC/mL) e ensaio LAL (EU/mL), respectivamente. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis e Friedman (α = 5%). QMiX+MA e QMiX+PUI reduziram 100% das bactérias E. coli e E. faecalis e também preveniram a recolonização de E. faecalis em S4. O EDTA reduziu significativamente E. coli, mas não foi eficaz na redução de E. faecalis. Todos os protocolos reduziram EU/mL quando comparados com S1, no entanto, no S4 houve uma redução significativa de EU/mL apenas nos grupos QMiX+MA e QMiX+PUI em relação a S3 e S2, respectivamente. A irrigação final com QMiX associada a MA ou PUI apresentou eficácia antibacteriana superior em relação ao EDTA, eliminando 100% das cepas de E. coli e E. faecalis. Além disso, QMiX+PUI reduziu 97,61% do conteúdo inicial de LPS.

Abstract The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of QMiX and 17% EDTA associated to passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) or manual agitation (MA) on the reduction of E. faecalis, E. coli and LPS from root canals. Forty single rooted human teeth were randomly divided into four groups (n=10), according to the final irrigation protocol: EDTA+MA, QMiX+MA, EDTA+PUI, QMiX+PUI. Sample collections were obtained from the root canal content immediately before preparation (baseline-S1), after instrumentation (S2), after final irrigation protocol (S3) and 7 days after instrumentation and final irrigation (S4). The antimicrobial effectivity and on endotoxin content were analyzed by culture procedure (CFU/mL) and LAL assay (EU/mL), respectively. The results were statistically analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman test (α=5%). QMiX+MA and QMiX+PUI reduced 100% of E. coli and E. faecalis bacteria and also prevented E. faecalisregrowth at S4. EDTA significantly reduced E. coli, but it was not effective in reducing E. faecalis. All protocols reduced EU/mL when compared to S1, however at S4 there was a significant reduction of EU/mL only in the QMiX+MA and QMiX+PUI groups in relation to S3 and S2, respectively. Final irrigation with QMiX associated with MA or PUI had superior antibacterial efficacy compared to EDTA, eliminating 100% of E. coli and E. faecalis strains. In addition, QMiX+PUI reduced 97.61% of the initial content of LPS.

Resumo Objetivo: avaliar o efeito de curto prazo de dois protocolos de desafio erosivo, in vitro, na resistência adesiva de braquetes ortodônticos metálicos em esmalte bovino. Métodos: Sessenta incisivos bovinos foram selecionados e divididos aleatoriamente em seis grupos: SA7 (saliva artificial - 7 dias, Grupo Controle); CC7 (Coca-Cola® - 7 dias); SL7 (suco de limão - 7 dias); SA30 (saliva artificial - 30 dias, Grupo Controle); CC30 (Coca-Cola® - 30 dias); SL30 (suco de limão - 30 dias). Foi realizado o teste de microdureza antes do desafio erosivo, para verificar a padronização das amostras. A imersão foi realizada quatro vezes ao dia, por cinco minutos, durante 7 ou 30 dias. Finalizadas as imersões, os braquetes foram colados e, após 48 horas, foi avaliada a resistência ao cisalhamento. O Índice de Adesivo Remanescente (IAR) também foi avaliado. Para análise dos dados, foram utilizados os testes ANOVA dois fatores, seguido do post-hoc de Tukey e teste t de Student para amostras pareadas, e o teste não-paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis (α?#8197;= 5%). Resultados: a média e o desvio-padrão do teste de microdureza das amostras totais foi igual a 281,89 ± 44,51 KHN. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa na resistência ao cisalhamento para o fator tempo (7 ou 30 dias; F5,54= 0,105; p= 0,901). Contudo, houve diferença estatisticamente significativa para o fator solução (F5,54=6,671; p= 0,003). Essas diferenças ocorreram entre as soluções de Saliva x Coca-Cola® (p= 0,003) e Coca-Cola® x suco de limão (p= 0,029). Ao avaliar o Índice de Adesivo Remanescente, não foi possível verificar diferença significativa entre os grupos. Conclusões: o tempo de imersão utilizado nos protocolos de erosão não afetou a resistência de união dos braquetes aos dentes. A Coca-Cola® induziu valores de resistência ao cisalhamento significativamente mais altos do que o suco de limão e a saliva artificial. No entanto, os efeitos em curto prazo de 7 e 30 dias, nesse estudo in vitro, não podem ser extrapolados para os estudos in vivo. Estudos clínicos devem ser conduzidos, fundamentando os resultados laboratoriais.

Abstract Objective: To assess the short-term effect of two in vitro erosive challenge protocols on the bond strength of metal orthodontic brackets on bovine enamel. Methods: Sixty bovine incisors were selected and randomly divided into six groups: AS7 (artificial saliva - 7 days, Control Group); CC7 (Coca-Cola™ - 7 days); LJ7 (lime juice - 7 days); AS30 (artificial saliva - 30 days, Control Group); CC30 (Coca-Cola™ - 30 days); LJ30 (lime juice - 30 days). Microhardness testing was performed prior to the erosive challenge to verify the standardization of samples. Immersion was performed 4x/day for five minutes, for either 7 or 30 days. After immersions were concluded, the brackets were bonded and shear bond strength was assessed after 48 hours. The Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) was also assessed. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s post-hoc and Student’s t test for paired samples, and the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test (α = 5%). Results: The mean and standard deviation of microhardness testing of total samples were 281.89 ± 44.51 KHN. There was no statistically significant difference in shear bond strength for the time factor (7 or 30 days; F5.54= 0.105; p = 0.901). However, there was a statistically significant difference for the solution factor (F5.54= 6.671; p = 0.003). These differences occurred among solutions of Saliva x Coca-Cola™ (p = 0.003) and Coca-Cola™ x Lime Juice (p= 0.029). The assessment of the Adhesive Remnant Index showed no significant difference between groups. Conclusions: The immersion time used in the erosion protocols did not affect the bond strength of brackets to teeth. Coca-Cola™ induced significantly higher shear bond strength values than lime juice and artificial saliva. However, the short term effects of 7/30 days in this in vitro study may not be extrapolated for in vivo ones. Clinical studies should be conducted, substantiating the laboratory results.

OBJECTIVES: This research evaluated detail registration in peri-implant bone using two different cone beam computer tomography systems and a digital periapical radiograph. METHODS: Three different image acquisition protocols were established for each cone beam computer tomography apparatus, and three clinical situations were simulated in an ex vivo fresh pig mandible: buccal bone defect, peri-implant bone defect, and bone contact. Data were subjected to two analyses: quantitative and qualitative. The quantitative analyses involved a comparison of real specimen measures using a digital caliper in three regions of the preserved buccal bone – A, B and E (control group) – to cone beam computer tomography images obtained with different protocols (kp1, kp2, kp3, ip1, ip2, and ip3). In the qualitative analyses, the ability to register peri-implant details via tomography and digital periapical radiography was verified, as indicated by twelve evaluators. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α=0.05). RESULTS: The quantitative assessment showed means statistically equal to those of the control group under the following conditions: buccal bone defect B and E with kp1 and ip1, peri-implant bone defect E with kp2 and kp3, and bone contact A with kp1, kp2, kp3, and ip2. Qualitatively, only bone contacts were significantly different among the assessments, and the p3 results differed from the p1 and p2 results. The other results were statistically equivalent. CONCLUSIONS: The registration of peri-implant details was influenced by the image acquisition protocol, although metal artifacts were produced in all situations. The evaluators preferred the Kodak 9000 3D cone beam computer tomography in most cases. The evaluators identified buccal bone defects better with cone beam computer tomography and identified peri-implant bone defects better with digital periapical radiography.

This study assessed the perception of caregivers on oral health of institutionalized impaired elderly, and the care provided for them in oral hygiene and prosthetic rehabilitation. A descriptive observational study was developed with caregivers of 32 institutionalized impaired elderly, in the state of Sergipe, Brazil. Data collection was performed by interviewing the caregivers, researching records of the Institution, and by clinical examination of the oral cavity of the elderly during a period between the months of March and May, 2013. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics of absolute frequency (n) and relative frequency (%). All of the elderly presented partial (50 %) or total (50 %) tooth losses, and only 28.1 % wore removable denture. The prosthetic devices and remaining teeth of the elderly were cleaned with only toothbrush and toothpaste (100 %), with different daily frequencies among caregivers and no dentist instruction. The majority of caregivers was satisfied with the oral hygiene of the elderly (75 %) and the oral hygiene method (96.9 %) used, and showed no interest in learning new methods (81.3 %). The caregivers have an inadequate perception on oral health of the elderly population investigated, and oral hygiene care provided to the elderly is precarious.

Este estudio analizó la percepción de cuidadores sobre la salud oral de ancianos discapacitados asilados y los cuidados entregados en la higienización oral y frente a la rehabilitación protética. Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo, por medio de entrevistas con los respectivos cuidadores de los 32 ancianos seleccionados, institucionalizados en el Estado de Sergipe, Brasil. Todos los ancianos presentaban pérdidas dentales parciales (un 50 %) o totales (un 50 %) y solo el 28,1 % hacía uso de prótesis dentaria removible. Los aparatos protéticos y dientes remanecientes de los ancianos se higienizaban solo con cepillo y crema dental (un 100 %), con frecuencias diarias divergentes entre los cuidadores, sin la orientación de un dentista. La mayoría de los cuidadores se mostró satisfechos con la salud oral del anciano (un 75 %) y (un 96,9 %) con el método de higiene oral que utilizaban, y no expresaron interés en conocer nuevos métodos (un 81,3 %). Se concluyó que los cuidadores tienen una percepción inadecuada sobre la salud oral de la población de ancianos investigada y que los cuidados de higiene oral entregados a los ancianos son precarios.

INTRODUÇÃO: Medicamentos endodônticos apresentam componentes tóxicos que provocam algum grau de reação inflamatória.OBJETIVO: Este estudo avaliou o efeito da laserterapia na resposta inflamatória causada por medicações intracanais, em tecido subcutâneo de ratos, por meio da análise quantitativa de mastócitos.MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Tubos de polietileno contendo as medicações foram implantados no dorso de 60 ratos, distribuídos em seis grupos: HS (pasta de hidróxido de cálcio P.A.); HL (pasta de hidróxido de cálcio P.A. e laserterapia); HPS (pasta de hidróxido de cálcio P.A. com paramonoclorofenol canforado); HPL (pasta de hidróxido de cálcio P.A. com paramonoclorofenol canforado e laserterapia); IS (iodofórmio e soro fisiológico) e IL (iodofórmio, soro fisiológico e laserterapia). Os animais foram eutanasiados oito e quinze dias após a cirurgia, as peças cirúrgicas foram removidas, processadas para inclusão em parafina e os cortes histológicos corados em Azul de Toluidina 0.2%, para quantificação dos mastócitos. A análise de variância (ANOVA) e o teste de Tukey post hoc foram aplicados para determinar diferenças significativas entre os grupos quanto ao número de mastócitos (p<0.05).RESULTADO: Nos grupos HL, HPL e IL houve uma diminuição de mastócitos em ambos os períodos experimentais em relação aos grupos HS, HPS e IS, porém não se observou diferença estatística significativa entre o grupo HPS e o HPL aos oito dias.CONCLUSÃO: A laserterapia foi eficaz em modular a intensidade da resposta inflamatória induzida pelos medicamentos endodônticos a partir da redução significativa na quantidade de mastócitos.

INTRODUCTION: Endodontic medications contain toxic components that cause varying degrees of inflammation.OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the effect of laser therapy on the inflammatory response induced by intracanal medications implanted into the subcutaneous tissue of rats using a quantitative analysis of mast cells.MATERIAL AND METHOD: Polyethylene tubes containing the medications were implanted in the dorsum of 60 rats divided into six groups, including HS (P.A. calcium hydroxide paste), HL (P.A. calcium hydroxide paste and laser therapy), HPS (P.A. calcium hydroxide paste with camphorated paramonochlorophenol), HPL (P.A. calcium hydroxide paste with camphorated paramonochlorophenol and laser therapy), IS (iodoform with saline) and IL (iodoform with saline and laser therapy). The animals were euthanized eight or fifteen days after surgery, and samples were removed and embedded in paraffin. Histological sections were stained with 0.2% toluidine blue for the quantification of mast cells. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post-hoc test were applied to determine significant differences in the number of mast cells between groups (p<0.05).RESULT: There was a decrease in mast cells for the HL, HPL and IL groups when compared with the HS, HPS and IS groups at both time points. There was no statistically significant difference between the HPS and HPL groups at the eight-day time point.CONCLUSION: Laser therapy was effective at modulating the inflammatory response induced by endodontic medications by significantly reducing the number of mast cells.