Abstract Background Gastroesophageal reflux is a major complication of post-POEM (peroral endoscopic myotomy, POEM) for esophageal achlasia. Objective: To discuss the effects of three measuring methods for Gastroesophageal Reflux of Post-POEM Achalasia Patients and find out the best method for diagnosing post-POEM gastroesophageal reflux of esophageal achalasia patients by conducting clinical follow-up studies. Methods: Follow-up visits were conducted on the patients with esophageal achalasia who had received POEM treatment in our hospital from 2013 to 2016. Between 2 to 4 weeks post operation, Eckardt score was adopted to evaluate the operation efficacy, the GerdQ score, electronic gastroscopy and 24h esophagus impedance-pH monitoring to investigate the gastroesophageal reflux and the comparison of detection rate among the three different methods on post-POEM gastroesophageal reflux. Results: There were 76 patients with Eckardt scores were 3 or lower than 3 post POEM (76/78, 97.44%), 2 patients with Eckardt scores were 4 or higher than 4 (2/78, 2.56%), the cure rate of the treatment was as high as 97.44%; the Eckardt score post operation decreased more significantly than before operation, P<0.0.5. Conclusion: for post-POEM Achalasia patients, 24h esophagus impedance-pH monitoring is the best way to diagnose post-POEM gastroesophageal reflux.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of and attitudes toward coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among the parents of child dental patients in Shenzhen during the outbreak. A structured questionnaire containing 10 questions was used, and each question had 2 or 3 possible answers. The parents of children (aged 0-14 years) who visited the dental department of our hospital last year were eligible to participate in this study. A total of 148 parents were interviewed by telephone in February 2020 by research staff. A total of 94.59% of the parents said they paid high attention to COVID-19 and explained it to their children; 66.22% thought the dental department environment was more dangerous than other public places; 91.89% believed the dental department had a higher risk of virus infection; and 83.78% said they would take their children to a dental department if the children had a severe toothache. Approximately 81.08% of the parents expressed confidence after we informed them about the preventive measures taken in the dental department to ensure safe treatment for their children. In conclusion, all parents were concerned about COVID-19, and most of them had talked about it with their children often. In addition, a considerable percentage of them would not take their children to the dental department even if they had severe dental pain and thought that the dental environment could be more dangerous than other environments. More information about this topic should be delivered to this population.

Abstract Purpose: To establish a new rat model, the pathogenesis of which is closer to the clinical occurrence of chronic obstructive jaundice with liver fibrosis. Methods: 90 SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. Group A common bile duct ligation, group B common bile duct injection compont and group C injection saline. The serum of three groups was extracted, and the liver function was detected by ELISA. HE staining, Masson staining and immunohistochemistry were used to detect liver pathology. Results: Group B showed a fluctuant development of jaundice, obstructive degree reached a peak at 2 weeks, and decreased from 3 weeks. HA, LA and PCIII were significantly higher than control group. 3 weeks after surgery, liver tissue fibrosis occurred in group B, and a wide range of fiber spacing was formed at 5 weeks. Immunohistochemistry showed that hepatic stellate cells were more active than the control group. Conclusion: Intra-biliary injection of Compont gel is different from the classic obstructive jaundice animal model caused by classic bile duct ligation, which can provide an ideal rat model of chronic obstructive jaundice with liver fibrosis.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the disease burden attributable to unsafe water and poor sanitation and hygiene in China, to identify high-burden groups and to inform improvement measures. METHODS: The disease burden attributable to unsafe water and poor sanitation and hygiene in China was estimated for diseases resulting from exposure to biologically contaminated soil and water (diarrhoeal disease, helminthiases and schistosomiasis) and vector transmission resulting from inadequate management of water resources (malaria, dengue and Japanese encephalitis). The data were obtained from China's national infectious disease reporting system, national helminthiasis surveys and national water and sanitation surveys. The fraction of each health condition attributable to unsafe water and poor sanitation and hygiene in China was estimated from data in the Chinese and international literature. FINDINGS: In 2008, 327 million people in China lacked access to piped drinking water and 535 million lacked access to improved sanitation. The same year, unsafe water and poor sanitation and hygiene accounted for 2.81 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and 62 800 deaths in the country, and 83% of the attributable burden was found in children less than 5 years old. Per capita DALYs increased along an east-west gradient, with the highest burden in inland provinces having the lowest income per capita. CONCLUSION: Despite remarkable progress, China still needs to conduct infrastructural improvement projects targeting provinces that have experienced slower economic development. Improved monitoring, increased regulatory oversight and more government transparency are needed to better estimate the effects of microbiologically and chemically contaminated water and poor sanitation and hygiene on human health.

OBJETIVO: Calcular la carga de morbilidad atribuible a la insalubridad del agua y a las deficiencias en el saneamiento e higiene en China con el fin de identificar los grupos de carga más elevada y de informar acerca de medidas de mejora. MÉTODOS: Se calculó la carga de morbilidad atribuible a la insalubridad del agua y a las deficiencias en el saneamiento e higiene en China para aquellas enfermedades provocadas por la exposición a suelos y aguas biológicamente contaminados (diarrea, helmintiasis y esquistosomiasis) y a la transmisión vectorial ocasionada por una gestión inadecuada de los recursos hídricos (malaria, dengue y encefalitis japonesa). Los datos se recopilaron a partir del sistema de notificación nacional sobre enfermedades infecciosas de China, las encuestas nacionales sobre helmintiasis y las encuestas nacionales sobre agua y saneamiento. A partir de los datos procedentes de la documentación china e internacional, se calculó la proporción de cada enfermedad atribuible a la insalubridad del agua y a las deficiencias en el saneamiento e higiene en China. RESULTADOS: En el año 2008, 327 millones de chinos no tenían acceso a agua potable canalizada y 535 millones no disponían de acceso a un saneamiento adecuado. En ese mismo año, la insalubridad del agua y las deficiencias en el saneamiento y la higiene se tradujeron en 2,81 millones de años de vida ajustados en función de la discapacidad (AVAD) y 62 800 muertes en el país. Además, el 83% de la carga atribuible se registró en niños con una edad inferior a los 5 años. Los AVAD per cápita fueron en aumento siguiendo un gradiente este-oeste y se observó la mayor carga en las provincias del interior, que contaban con los menores ingresos per cápita. CONCLUSIÓN: A pesar de los considerables esfuerzos realizados, China sigue necesitando iniciar proyectos de mejora de las infraestructuras, centrándose en aquellas provincias que han registrado un desarrollo económico más lento. Son necesarios un control mayor, un aumento de la supervisión normativa y una mayor transparencia gubernamental para calcular mejor los efectos que tienen en la salud humana las aguas contaminadas química y microbiológicamente y las deficiencias en el saneamiento y la higiene.

OBJECTIF: Estimer la charge de morbidité imputable à l'eau insalubre ainsi qu'à un niveau sanitaire et hygiénique déficients en Chine afin d'identifier les groupes à impact élevé et de proposer des mesures d'amélioration. MÉTHODES: La charge de morbidité attribuable à l'eau insalubre et à un système d'assainissement et d'hygiène déficients en Chine a été estimée pour les maladies résultant de l'exposition aux terres et eaux biologiquement contaminées (diarrhées, helminthiases et schistosomiase), ainsi que pour la transmission vectorielle résultant d'une gestion inadéquate des ressources en eau (paludisme, dengue et encéphalite japonaise). Les données ont été obtenues grâce au registre national chinois de déclaration des maladies infectieuses, aux études nationales sur les helminthiases et aux études nationales sur l'eau et l'assainissement. Le pourcentage de chaque affection imputable aux eaux insalubres et aux carences en assainissement et hygiène en Chine a été estimé sur la base des données de publications scientifiques chinoises et internationales. RÉSULTATS: En 2008, 327 millions de personnes en Chine n'avaient pas accès à une eau courante potable, et 535 millions de personnes ne disposaient pas de sanitaires performants. La même année, l'eau insalubre et les conditions sanitaires et hygiéniques médiocres représentaient 2,81 millions d'années de vie de maladie (DALY) et 62 800 décès dans le pays, 83% des cas concernant des enfants âgés de moins de 5 ans. Le «DALY» par habitant était croissant selon un axe est-ouest, la charge de morbidité la plus importante étant marquée dans les provinces intérieures avec le plus faible taux de revenu par habitant. CONCLUSION: Malgré des progrès remarquables, la Chine a encore besoin de mener des projets d'amélioration de son infrastructure, ciblant les provinces qui ont connu un développement économique plus lent. Une amélioration du suivi, l'augmentation de la surveillance obligatoire et une plus grande transparence du gouvernement sont nécessaires pour mieux estimer les effets des contaminations microbiologiques et chimiques des eaux ainsi que des mauvaises conditions sanitaires et hygiéniques sur la santé humaine.