RESUMO A realização de inventários em regiões onde existem poucos registros de coleta de anfíbios é uma ferramenta fundamental para a conservação. O presente estudo teve como objetivo conhecer a composição dos anfíbios anuros de brejos e lagoas de São Roque do Canaã, município localizado na região central do estado do Espírito Santo. O trabalho foi realizado no período entre junho de 2013 e maio de 2014. As coletas foram conduzidas em duas áreas, sendo uma visita por mês em cada área, ambas formadas por brejos e lagoas localizadas em áreas abertas, onde predominam vegetação remanescente da Mata Atlântica envolta por pastagens para criação de gado e culturas de café. As 24 amostragens foram realizadas por dois coletores e aconteceram das 17h00min às 24h00min, resultando em aproximadamente 336 horas de esforço amostral. As espécies foram inventariadas através de busca visual ativa e censo auditivo. Foram registradas 22 espécies, distribuídas em 5 famílias, sendo Hylidae a família mais representativa (N = 16), seguidas por Leptodactylidae (N = 2) e Bufonidae (N = 2), Pipidae (N = 1) e Cycloramphidae (N = 1). Os meses com maior concentração de espécies em atividade de vocalização foram novembro (n = 15) e dezembro (n = 16) de 2013, e janeiro de 2014 (n = 15), enquanto que os meses com menor concentração foram junho (n = 5) e julho (n = 4) de 2013. Nenhuma espécie registrada está incluída na lista de anfíbios ameaçados do Espírito Santo. As espécies encontradas são típicas de áreas abertas, e suportam bem ambientes degradados. O estudo contribui para um melhor conhecimento da anurofauna do município de São Roque do Canaã, visto que não há dados publicados sobre a herpetofauna da região.

ABSTRACT The realization of inventories in regions where there are few records of amphibian collection is a fundamental tool for conservation. We studied the composition of amphibian species in swamps and lagoons of São Roque do Canaã, a municipality located in the central region of the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. The study was conducted between June 2013 and May 2014, with samplings made twice a month. Fieldwork was concentrated at two sites (one visit per month each), both formed by swamps and ponds temporary and are the main matrix type in the landscape, located in open areas where pastures for cattle and coffee crops predominate. Fieldwork was carried out by two collectors from 17:00 to 24h00min, totaling 24 expeditions, resulting in approximately 336 hours of sampling effort. The species were inventoried through active visual search and auditory census. Twenty two species distributed in 5 families were recorded. Hylidae was the most represented family (N = 16), followed by Leptodactylidae (N = 2), Bufonidae (N = 2), Pipidae (N = 1) and Cycloramphidae (N = 1). The months with the highest number of species in calling activity were November (n = 15) and December (n = 16), 2013, and January 2014 (n = 15), while the months with lower number of species were April, June (n = 5) and July (n = 4), 2013. No species recorded is included in the list of threatened amphibians of the Espírito Santo. The species found are typical of open areas and support well degraded environments. This study is the first step to a better understanding of anurofauna of São Roque do Canaã, since there is absolutely nothing published on amphibians in the region.

Akodon cursor occurs in dense rainforest from northern (8º S) to southern (26º S) states along the Atlantic coast of Brazil. Previous karyological and molecular data revealed two major clades, one including northern (8-15º S) and the other southern (19-26º S) populations. The center of geographic distribution (15-20º S), which included the state of Espírito Santo, was identified as a potential vicariance region. Since river barriers are among the most discussed models in the study of Neotropical diversification, we examined whether the Rio Doce (19º S) plays an important role in shaping the population genetic divergence of A. cursor by including samples from Espírito Santo in the analysis. Our results showed that the northern-southern division region in Atlantic forest was no coincidence with the presence of the Rio Doce by refuting the hypothesis that this river is an effective barrier to gene flow between populations. Instead, we found evidence that isolation by geographical distance shaped the phylogeographical structure in the southern lineage. However, there is uncertainty about effectiveness of the processes involved and further studies based on wider sampling are needed.