Resumen Campo Grande, capital del estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, experimenta desafíos para promover el bienestar colectivo, en un entorno urbano inteligente, como lo proponen los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible. Parte de los desafíos está relacionada con el aumento de la población urbana, combinado con el aumento del número de vehículos. La literatura apunta a Ciudades Inteligentes que, a través de dispositivos tecnológicos y Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC), buscan mitigar los impactos globales de la movilidad urbana y hacerlas ciudades más receptivas. Así, este ensayo teórico pretende reflexionar sobre las herramientas tecnológicas que componen las Ciudades Inteligentes, con miras a reducir los accidentes de tráfico en los centros urbanos. Se trata de una investigación básica y exploratoria, respaldada por una revisión de la literatura. Los resultados mostraron que las Ciudades Inteligentes no solo se traducen en el uso de herramientas TIC, más bien en el uso de herramientas tecnológicas para apoyar la toma de decisiones de los gestores públicos municipales y en la construcción de las ciudades del futuro, haciéndolas más receptivas. Se espera que este estudio pueda promover un debate más amplio, en el ámbito académico y colectivo, entre los agentes que integran el poder público municipal, además de los miembros y partidos interesados en el bienestar colectivo de la sociedad urbana. Grande Sul inteligente Sostenible vehículos TIC , (TIC) receptivas Así urbanos exploratoria futuro amplio municipal (TIC

Resumo Campo Grande, capital do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), vivencia desafios para promover o bem-estar coletivo, num ambiente urbano inteligente, como propõem os Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável. Parte desses desafios está relacionada ao aumento da população urbana, combinado com a elevação do número de veículos. A literatura aponta as Cidades Inteligentes que, por meio dos aparatos tecnológicos e das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TICs), buscam mitigar os impactos negativos derivados da crescente mobilidade urbana e torná-las cidades mais receptivas. Assim, este ensaio teórico objetiva refletir sobre as ferramentas tecnológicas que comportam as Cidades Inteligentes, com vistas à redução dos acidentes de trânsito, nos centros urbanos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa básica e exploratória, amparada por uma revisão bibliográfica. Os resultados apontaram que as Cidades Inteligentes não se traduzem apenas no emprego das ferramentas das TICs, mas sim no emprego de ferramentas tecnológicas de apoio às tomadas de decisões dos gestores públicos municipais e nas construções das cidades do futuro, tornando-as mais receptivas. Espera-se que este estudo possa promover um debate mais amplo, no ambiente acadêmico e coletivo, entre os agentes que integram o poder público municipal, além dos membros e das partes interessadas no bem-estar coletivo da sociedade urbana. Grande MS, MS , (MS) bemestar bem estar inteligente Sustentável veículos TICs (TICs) tornálas torná las receptivas Assim trânsito urbanos Tratase Trata exploratória bibliográfica futuro tornandoas tornando Esperase Espera amplo municipal (MS (TICs

Abstract Campo Grande, the capital of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, experiences challenges to promote collective well-being in an intelligent urban environment, as proposed by the Sustainable Development Goals. Part of the challenges is related to the increase in the urban population combined with the increase in the number of vehicles. The literature points to Smart Cities that, through technological devices and Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), seek to mitigate the global impacts of urban mobility and make them more receptive cities. Thus, this theoretical essay aims to reflect on the technological tools that comprise Smart Cities, with a view to reducing traffic accidents in urban centers. This is basic and exploratory research, supported by a literature review. The results showed that Smart Cities do not only translate into the use of ICT tools but rather the use of technological tools to support decision-making by municipal public managers and in the construction of cities of the future, making them more receptive. This study is expected to promote a broader debate in the academic and collective environment, among agents that make up the municipal public power, in addition to the members and parties examined in the collective well-being of urban society. Grande Sul wellbeing well being environment Goals vehicles ICT, , (ICT) Thus centers research review decisionmaking decision future power society (ICT

Resumo A presença de sais na solução do solo reduz o potencial osmótico, dificultando a absorção de água pelas raízes. No entanto, as plantas apresentam mecanismos de defesa contra estresses, liberando moléculas sinalizadoras, nas quais o óxido nítrico desempenha um papel importante no estresse abiótico. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de genótipos de Passiflora mucronataLam. pré-condicionados com o doador de óxido nítrico Tadalafil emantidos sob estresse salino. Sementes de nove genótipos de P. mucronata foram avaliadassob quatro concentrações do doador de óxido nítrico Tadalafil: 0,0; 1,5; 2,5; 5,0; 7,5;10,0 e 12,5 mg L-1, aplicadas por imersão das sementes por duas horas, seguidas de lavagem em água corrente e germinação em papel germitest® umedecido com NaCl a -1,2 MPa. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições de25 sementes.O doador de óxido nítrico Tadalafil, nas concentrações de 1,5 e 2,5 mg L-1,aumenta a velocidade de germinação, o comprimento da parte aérea e a massa seca. O pré-condicionamento das sementes com o doador de óxido nítrico Tadalafil, nas concentrações de 5,0;7,5; 10,0 e 12,5 mg L-1, determina a morte das sementes. As sementes dogenótipo G3, pré-condicionadas com Tadalafil, nas concentrações de 1,5 e 2,5 mg L-1, apresentam maiores médias de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, tempo médio degerminação,comprimento da parte aérea, comprimento da raiz e massa seca. Os genótipos apresentaram respostas fenotípicas distintas, proporcionando divergência intraespecífica. osmótico raízes entanto estresses sinalizadoras abiótico Objetivouse Objetivou se mucronataLam précondicionados pré condicionados salino P 0,0 00 0 15 1 5 25 2 5,0 50 7,510,0 75100 7,5 7 10 7,5;10, 125 12 12, L1, L1 L 1, L-1 horas germitest 1,2 -1, MPa casualizado de2 sementesO 2, L1,aumenta L1aumenta Laumenta 1,aumenta aumenta seca précondicionamento condicionamento 5,07,5 5075 5,0;7,5 100 10, G3 G précondicionadas condicionadas degerminaçãocomprimento degerminação distintas intraespecífica 0, 5, 510 7,510, 7510 75 7, 7,5;10 L- -1 1aumenta 07 5,07, 507 5,0;7, 51 7,510 751 7,5;1 - 5,07 5,0;7 7,51 7,5;

Abstract The presence of salts in the soil solution reduces the osmotic potential, hindering water absorption by roots. However, plants have defense mechanisms against stresses, releasing signaling molecules, in which nitric oxide plays an important role in the abiotic stress. This study aimed to assess the physiological quality of seeds from Passiflora mucronata Lam. genotypes pre-conditioned with the nitric oxide donor Tadalafil kept under salt stress. Seeds from nine P. mucronata genotypes evaluated under four nitric oxide donor Tadalafil concentrations : 0.0, 1.5, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 and 12.5 mg L-1, applied by soaking seeds for two hours, followed by washing in running water and germination in germitest® paper moistened with NaCl at -1.2 MPa. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, with four replicates of 25 seeds. The nitric oxide donor Tadalafil, at concentrations of 1.5 and 2.5 mg L-1, increased the germination speed, shoot length, and dry mass. Pre-conditioning of seeds with the nitric oxide donor Tadalafil at concentrations of 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, and 12.5 mg L-1 determined the death of seeds. Seeds from genotype G3, pre-conditioned with Tadalafil at concentrations of 1.5 and 2.5 mg L-1, presented higher germination, germination speed index, mean germination time, shoot length, root length and dry matter values. Genotypes presented distinct phenotypic responses, providing intraspecific divergence. potential roots However stresses molecules stress Lam preconditioned pre conditioned P 00 0 0.0 15 1 5 2 50 5.0 75 7 7.5 100 10 10. 125 12 12. L1, L1 L 1, hours germitest 1.2 -1. MPa design 1. 2. mass Preconditioning Pre conditioning L- G3 G index time values responses divergence 0. 5. 7. -1 -

RESUMO Este artigo discute princípios fundamentais como brincar, colaboração e agência que são base para os workshops online oferecidos pela Global Play Brigade (GPB), uma comunidade internacional de ativistas em diferentes áreas, que se uniram para lutar contra a crise global que ameaçava o mundo de diferentes maneiras devido à pandemia da covid-19. Para exemplificar parte da abordagem teórico-metodológica envolvida no plano, o próprio workshop e seus objetivos, uma das sessões será descrita juntamente com perspectivas alinhadas a Spinoza, Vygotsky, Freire e alguns outros autores para entender como as pessoas podem ser afetadas no intuito de mudança social. É notório que a turbulência atual apresenta muitas facetas, por isso o GPB busca criar espaços nos quais a criatividade e o pensamento crítico possibilitem suporte emocional, desenvolvimento, esperança e ação. brincar GPB, , (GPB) áreas covid19. covid19 covid 19. 19 covid-19 teóricometodológica teórico metodológica plano objetivos Spinoza Vygotsky social facetas emocional desenvolvimento ação (GPB covid1 1 covid-1 covid-

ABSTRACT This paper discusses core principles such as play, collaboration, and agency that support the online workshops offered by the Global Play Brigade (GPB), an international community of activists from different areas, who got together to fight against the global crisis that threatened the world in so many ways due to the covid-19 pandemic. To exemplify part of the theoretical and methodological approach involved in the plan and, the workshop, as well as its goals, one of the sessions will be described along with perspectives aligned to Spinoza, Vygotsky, Freire, and some other authors to promote understanding of how people can be affected towards social change. It is known that there are many facets to the current turmoil, so the GPB seeks to create spaces in which creativity and critical thinking can create possibilities for emotional support, development, hope, and action. play collaboration GPB, , (GPB) areas covid19 covid 19 covid-1 pandemic workshop goals Spinoza Vygotsky Freire change turmoil development hope action (GPB covid1 1 covid-

Resumo Joannesia princeps, popularmente conhecida como cutieira, é uma Euphorbiaceae endêmica do Brasil, cuja madeira é utilizada para diversos fins industriais. As sementes possuem aproximadamente 37% de óleo útil para fins industrias e medicinais, servem de alimento para cutias (Dasyprocta azarae), além de apresentarem destacada importância na sucessão ecológica em áreas degradas. Objetivou-se estudar a germinação, fenologia e a morfometria de frutos, sementes e plântulas de Joannesia princeps. Foram utilizados 1000 frutos de Joannesia princeps colhidos de 40 matrizes de Mata Atlântica do Entorno do Caparaó, que compõem um bosque existente no Horto Municipal da cidade de Alegre - ES, nos quais foram analisados os atributos qualitativos em relação à morfologia. Na análise biométrica, foram analisados: comprimento, diâmetro e espessura. As análises das plântulas foram conduzidas periodicamente no 6°, 7º, 14º, 21º, 28º, 35º e 42º dia após a germinação, utilizando-se quatro repetições de 15 plântulas normais e sadias para as descrições. Observou-se que as raízes mudaram o tom de sua coloração de esbranquiçada para branco-amarelada entre o 14º para o 21º dia após a germinação (DAG), enquanto o hipocótilo, nos estádios iniciais, apresentava coloração avermelhada passando para verde após o 14º DAG. Os demais órgãos não apresentaram mudanças consideráveis, contudo, biometricamente, todos os órgãos apresentaram acréscimo nas suas dimensões, conforme a evolução do desenvolvimento. Os aspectos morfológicos descritos e ilustrados demonstraram-se estáveis e, portanto, informativos para a caracterização e identificação da espécie em processo de germinação e nos primeiros estádios de desenvolvimento.

Abstract Joannesia princeps, popularly known as a cutieira, is a Euphorbiaceae endemic to Brazil and its wood is used for various industrial purposes and the seed has approximately 37% of useful oil for industrial and medicinal purposes, besides presenting outstanding importance in ecological succession in degraded areas, whose seeds serve as food for agoutis. The objective was to study germination, phenology and morphometry of fruits, seeds and seedlings of Joannesia princeps. We used 1,000 fruits of Joannesia princeps harvested from 40 matrices of Atlantic Forest surrounding Caparaó, which make up an existing forest in the Municipal Garden of the city of Alegre, in Espírito Santo state, in which qualitative attributes were analyzed in relation morphology. In the biometric analysis, the following were analyzed: length, diameter and thickness and seedling analyses were conducted periodically on the 6th, 7th, 14th, 21th, 28th, 35th and 42th days after germination (DAG), using four replicates of 15 normal and healthy seedlings for descriptions. It was observed that the roots have changed their color of whitish for yellowish-white between the 14th and 21st DAG, while the hypocotyl, in the initial presented reddish color passing to green after the 14th DAG. The other organs did not present considerable changes, however, biometrically, all organs showed an increase in their dimensions, according to the evolution of development. The morphological features described and illustrated were stable, and therefore, informative for the characterization and identification of the species in the germination process and in the first stages of development.

This paper discusses core principles such as play, collaboration, and agency that support the online workshops offered by the Global Play Brigade (GPB), an international community of activists from different areas, who got together to fight against the global crisis that threatened the world in so many ways due to the covid-19 pandemic. To exemplify part of the theoretical and methodological approach involved in the plan and, the workshop, as well as its goals and one of the sessions, will be described along with perspectives aligned to Spinoza, Vygotsky, Freire, and some other authors to promote understanding of how people can be affected towards social change. It is known that there are many facets to the current turmoil, so the GPB seeks to create spaces in which creativity and critical thinking can create possibilities for emotional support, development, hope, and action.

Este artículo aborda principios fundamentales como el juego, la colaboración y la agencia que son la base de los talleres en línea ofrecidos por Global Play Brigade (GPB), una comunidad internacional de activistas en diferentes áreas, que se unieron para luchar contra la crisis global que amenazaba la mundo de diferentes maneras debido a la pandemia de covid-19. Para ejemplificar parte del enfoque teórico-metodológico involucrado en el plan, el taller en sí y sus objetivos, se describirá una de las sesiones junto con perspectivas alineadas con Spinoza, Vygotsky, Freire y algunos otros autores para comprender cómo las personas pueden verse afectadas en para cambiar Social. Es claro que la convulsión actual tiene muchas facetas, por lo que GPB busca generar espacios en los que la creatividad y el pensamiento crítico posibiliten el apoyo emocional, el desarrollo, la esperanza y la acción.

Este artigo discute princípios fundamentais como brincar, colaboração e agência que são base para os workshops online oferecidos pela Global Play Brigade (GPB), uma comunidade internacional de ativistas em diferentes áreas, que se uniram para lutar contra a crise global que ameaçava o mundo de diferentes maneiras devido à pandemia da covid-19. Para exemplificar parte da abordagem teórico-metodológica envolvida no plano, o próprio workshop e seus objetivos, uma das sessões será descrita juntamente com perspectivas alinhadas a Spinoza, Vygotsky, Freire e alguns outros autores para entender como as pessoas podem ser afetadas no intuito de mudança social. É notório que a turbulência atual apresenta muitas facetas, por isso o GPB busca criar espaços nos quais a criatividade e o pensamento crítico possibilitem suporte emocional, desenvolvimento, esperança e ação.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer um protocolo eficiente para a organogênese in vitro de Dalbergia nigra. Para isso, plântulas com 30 dias de idade foram seccionadas em seus nós cotiledonares e segmentos nodais. Esses materiais foram cultivados em meio com diferentes combinações das citocininas 6-benzilaminopurina e tidiazuron. Após 60 dias em sala de crescimento mantida a 27°C e submetida a fotoperíodo de 16 horas, foram analisadas as características de crescimento. Explantes dos nós cotiledonares apresentam maior potencial morfogenético, independentemente da adição de citocininas. Nós cotiledonares em meio suplementado com 2.22 µmol L-1 de BAP são a melhor combinação para a propagação in vitro de D. nigra.

Abstract The objective of this work was to establish an efficient protocol for the in vitro organogenesis of Dalbergia nigra. For this purpose, 30-day-old seedlings were sectioned at their cotyledonary nodes and nodal segments. These materials were cultivated in a medium with different combinations of the 6-benzylaminopurine and thidiazuron cytokinins. After 60 days in a growth chamber set at 27°C and a 16-hour photoperiod, growth characteristics were analyzed. Explants from the cotyledonary nodes show a greater morphogenetic potential, regardless of the addition of cytokinins. Cotyledonary nodes in the medium supplemented with 2.22 µmol L-1 BAP show the best combination for the in vitro propagation of D. nigra.

ABSTRACT The Atlantic Forest is a biome that has suffered anthropic actions, such as the extraction of hardwood, which can lead to the extinction of endemic species of great economic and ecological value, such as Dalbergia nigra. In this perspective, large-scale multiplication studies are necessary to contribute to the conservation of this species. The objective of this work was to establish a protocol for the in vitro production of axenic seedlings of D. nigra. Four experiments were performed: I. Immersion times in NaOCl. II. Disinfecting agents in seed germination of D. nigra. III. NaOCl toxicity in seeds of the model species Lactuca sativa L. IV. Culture media and glutamine in the germination and initial growth of D. nigra. All experiments were arranged in a completely randomized design. For a better disinfestation and less harmful effects to the seedlings, it is recommended that the seeds be treated with 70% alcohol (1 min) and NaOCl (14 min). NaOCl has a high phytotoxic, cytotoxic, and genotoxic effect, and its mechanism of action in the L. sativa cell cycle is clastogenic and aneugenic, suggesting the formation of abnormal seedlings in D. nigra. The WPM medium and its supplementation with glutamine (0.75 mg.L-1) are recommended.

ABSTRACT Melanoxylon brauna is propagated by seeds, however, low yield, pest attack and short viability are problems in seedling production. In vitro cultivation is an alternative for large-scale seedling production, but studies with this species are scarce. The aim of the work was to analyze the in vitro morphogenesis of braúna. Explants after induction of growth regulators. Three experiments were performed: I. In vitro bud proliferation of juvenile explants at different BAP concentrations. Was analyzed the number and length of shoots (mm); bud explants-1 (%); calogenesis (%) and direct and indirect organogenesis budding-1 (%). II. In vitro rhizogenesis of shoots with different types and auxin concentrations. III. In vitro rhizogenesis of under temporary immersion of shoots at different IBA concentrations. It was analyzed in experiment I and II: calogenesis (%); rhizogenesis (%); number, length (mm) and root dry mass (mg) the shoots. The nodal segment with two axillary buds was the most responsive explant regardless of the use of BAP. The stem apex with the use of BAP (2.5-3.5 mg.L-1) was the most responsive in the proliferation of shoots. Tested concentrations of auxins IBA, NAA and 2,4-D were not sufficient for in vitro rhizogenesis. The average of the maximum technical efficiencies of the variables used to analyze rhizogenic process suggests the treatment of the shoots base by temporary immersion in the IBA at an approximate concentration of 2,500 mg.L-1 and planting on the vermiculite substrate.

ABSTRACT The development of tissue cultured-based protocols applied to braúna, an endangeres species, would be though highly desirable. However, contamination-free explants are determinant for the success of this technique, which might be vulnerable to the toxicity of disinfectants. Here, we aimed at establishing an efficient protocol for in vitro production of axenic seedlings of braúna and to evaluate the toxicity of disinfectant agents in the Lactuca sativa model species. Experiments I and II: Seeds were treated with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and fungicide captan, with and without residue, by different immersion times, respectively. The following were analyzed: contamination; germination and normal and abnormal seedlings. Experiment III: Lettuce seeds placed in Petri dishes were exposed to 2.5 mL captan at 0.5; 1; 2; 4 and 8%; 0.01% glyphosate and distilled water. The germination, length of seedlings, cell cycle, nuclear and chromosomal alterations of the cells of the root meristem were assesed. The isolated use of NaOCl was not efficient in the disinfestation of braúna seeds. However, the immersion of the seeds in captan, for 10 minutes with its residue, led to higher germination and vigor indexes; however, resulted in the formation of abnormal seedlings. This compound exhibited toxicity in the lettuce model seeds because affected the germination and the whole development of the seedlings, showing clastogenic and aneugenic action in the meristematic cell cycle.

Resumo Enterolobium maximum Ducke é uma Fabaceae (Mimosoideae), arbórea, de crescimento rápido, com comportamento excelente para reflorestamento e recomposição de áreas degradadas. Objetivou-se com este trabalho estudar a biometria, a absorção de água e a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de Enterolobium maximum. Foram analisados: comprimento, largura, espessura, massa de sementes, umidade inicial, massa de 1000 sementes e número de sementes por quilograma. O estudo da embebição foi realizado com sementes intactas e escarificadas, utilizando-se três métodos de embebição: água (sementes submersas em água destilada), sobre papel e rolo de papel. A determinação do volume das sementes durante a embebição foi feita utilizando-se rolo de papel e três tipos de água: comum (água de abastecimento), destilada e deionizada. As sementes apresentam homogeneidade nas características físicas e biométricas, com média de 19,0 mm de comprimento, 11,5 mm de largura, 6,43 mm espessura e 1,05 g de massa. Não há grande variação para o tamanho e peso das sementes. Sementes recém-colhidas apresentam dormência primária imposta pela impermeabilidade do tegumento. As sementes escarificadas e embebidas pelo método do rolo de papel apresentam germinação após 72 horas, caracterizada pela protrusão da raiz primária e identificação da fase III da germinação.

Abstract Enterolobium maximum Ducke is a Fabaceae (Mimosoideae), arboreous, fast-growing, with excellent behavior for reforestation and restoration of degraded areas. The objective of this work was to study the biometry, water absorption and physiological quality of seeds of Enterolobium maximum. Length, width, thickness, mass, initial moisture, seed mass of 1000 seeds and number of seeds per kg were evaluated. The study of soaking was conducted with intact and scarified seeds, using three methods of soaking water (seeds submerged in distilled water), on paper and roll paper. The determination of the volume of seeds during imbibition was made using paper roll and three types of water: common (water supply), distilled and deionized water. The seeds exhibited homogeneity in physical features and biometrics, with an average of 19.0 mm, 11.5 mm wide, 6.43 mm thickness and 1.05 g of dough; There is great variation to the size and weight of seeds. Freshly harvested seed presents dormancy of seed coat impermeability imposed primary. The scarified seed and soaked by the method of paper roll present germination after 72 hours, characterized by the protrusion of the primary root and phase III identification of germination.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a biometria de frutos e sementes e a diversidade de genótipos de sapucaia (Lecythis pisonis). Frutos de 12 genótipos de sapucaia foram coletados de plantas na região norte do Estado do Espírito Santo e leste do Estado de Minas Gerais. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, e as médias dos diferentes genótipos foram comparadas pelo teste de agrupamento de Scott-Knott. A diversidade fenotípica foi analisada por meio da distância de Mahalanobis, e o agrupamento, pelo método de otimização de Tocher e por dispersão gráfica a partir das variáveis canônicas. A contribuição relativa das características para diversidade foi avaliada pelo método de Singh. Os genótipos de sapucaia divergiram quanto às características morfológicas de frutos e sementes. O genótipo 1 produziu o maior número de sementes por fruto, e os genótipos 2 e 7 produziram sementes de maiores dimensões. Esses genótipos foram separados em grupos distintos, o que é indício de sua combinação para uso em programas de melhoramento.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the biometry of fruit and seed, and the diversity of paradise nut (Lecythis pisonis) genotypes. Fruit of 12 paradise nut genotypes were collected from plants in the northern region of the state of Espírito Santo and in the eastern region of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Data were subjected to the analysis of variance, and means of the different genotypes were compared by Scott-Knott’s mean clustering test. The phenotypic diversity was analyzed using Mahalanobis’ generalized distance, and clustering, by Tocher’s optimization method and the graphical dispersion of canonical variables. The relative contribution of the characters to diversity was assessed by Singh’s method. The paradise nut genotypes differed regarding the morphological characteristics of fruit and seed. Genotype 1 produced the largest number of seed per fruit, and genotypes 2 and 7 produced the largest seed. These genotypes were clustered into different groups, which is indicative of their potential combination for use in genetic breeding programs.

Abstract: Somatic embryogenesis from explants from hermaphrodite papaya mother plants is an alternative for the production of true-to-type plants without the need for sexing. This study aimed to analyze hormonal and osmotic inducers in different somatic embryogenesis stages in the commercial hermaphrodite hybrid papaya UENF/Caliman 01. Leaf disks from in vitro shoots originated from ex vitro hermaphrodite plants were cultured in induction medium supplemented with different concentrations of 2,4-D (6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 μM) and 4-CPA (19, 22, 25, 28, and 31 μM). After 90 days, the formation of somatic embryos was verified. The 2,4-D induced the formation of light brown calli with low frequency (20%) of somatic embryogenesis. However, 4-CPA (25 μM) induced 96% of embryogenic calli, which were transferred to maturation medium (MM) and cultured for 30 days. The MM contained ABA (0.5 μM) and AC (15 g L-1) and produced 36.6 somatic embryos callus-1, mainly on cotyledonary stage. Cotyledonary embryos were transferred to germination medium supplemented with gibberellic acid (GA3) (0.0, 1.44, 2.88, and 4.32 µM), and the conversion into plantlets was enhanced with GA3 at 2.88 µM.

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of osmoregulators and carbohydrates on the maturation and germination of somatic embryos of papaya ‘Golden THB’. Cotyledon explants from papaya seedlings germinated in vitro on basal MS medium were cultured on somatic embryogenesis induction medium (IM) containing MS salts, myo-inositol, sucrose, agar and p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid. After 50 days, embryogenic calli were transferred onto maturation media (MM) for 45 additional days. For experiment 1, a MS-based medium supplemented with abscisic acid, activated charcoal and concentrations of PEG 6000 (0; 40; 50; 60 and 70 g L-1) was used, whereas for experiment 2 malt extract concentrations (0; 0.1; 0.2; 0.3 and 0.4 g L-1) were assessed. The normal cotyledonary somatic embryos produced in experiment 2 were transferred to the germination medium (GM). The GM consisted of full-strength MS medium, sucrose, agar and was supplemented with myo-inositol at varying concentrations (0; 0.275; 0.55 and 0.825 mM). The PEG concentrations tested impaired the maturation of ‘Golden THB’ papaya somatic embryos. The MM, supplemented with malt extract at 0.153 g L-1, promoted the greatest development of normal somatic embryos (18.28 SE calli-1), that is, two cotyledonary leaves produced 36.56 SE calli-1. The supplementation with 0.45 mM myo-inositol provided the highest germination percentage (47.42%) and conversion to emblings.

Resumo Este artigo analisa indicadores de saúde dos municípios da região de São José do Rio Preto e a demanda da população segundo os gestores diante do processo de expansão da cana de açúcar. Dez municípios da região que possuem usinas de cana de açúcar e outros 10 municípios com o mesmo número de habitantes, mas sem usinas, foram selecionados. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas e em bancos de dados do Ministério da Saúde. Observou-se que, independentemente da presença de usinas sucroalcooleiras, houve melhora nos indicadores de saúde. Entretanto, para os gestores entrevistados, independentemente da presença ou ausência de usinas, a presença de migrantes para o corte da cana piorou os indicadores de saúde. Assim, constatou-se que a presença de usinas nos municípios não interferiu nos indicadores de saúde, mas os gestores consideram que a qualidade da saúde do município teve queda.

Abstract This article analyzes health indicators in the municipalities of the São José do Rio Preto region (state of São Paulo, Brazil) and the demand of the population according to the managers regarding the sugar cane expansion process. Ten municipalities in the region that have sugar cane mills and 10 other municipalities with the same number of inhabitants, but without the presence of plants, were selected. Data were collected through interviews and Ministry of Health databases. It was observed that, regardless of the presence of sugar and alcohol plants, there was an improvement in health indicators. However, to the interviewed managers, despite there being plants or not, the presence of migrants to cut sugarcane worsened health indicators. Therefore, it was observed that the presence of plants in the municipalities did not interfere in health indicators, but managers perceived a drop in health quality in the municipality.

Resumo Este artigo analisa indicadores de saúde dos municípios da região de São José do Rio Preto e a demanda da população segundo os gestores diante do processo de expansão da cana de açúcar. Dez municípios da região que possuem usinas de cana de açúcar e outros 10 municípios com o mesmo número de habitantes, mas sem usinas, foram selecionados. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas e em bancos de dados do Ministério da Saúde. Observou-se que, independentemente da presença de usinas sucroalcooleiras, houve melhora nos indicadores de saúde. Entretanto, para os gestores entrevistados, independentemente da presença ou ausência de usinas, a presença de migrantes para o corte da cana piorou os indicadores de saúde. Assim, constatou-se que a presença de usinas nos municípios não interferiu nos indicadores de saúde, mas os gestores consideram que a qualidade da saúde do município teve queda.

Abstract This article analyzes health indicators in the municipalities of the São José do Rio Preto region (state of São Paulo, Brazil) and the demand of the population according to the managers regarding the sugar cane expansion process. Ten municipalities in the region that have sugar cane mills and 10 other municipalities with the same number of inhabitants, but without the presence of plants, were selected. Data were collected through interviews and Ministry of Health databases. It was observed that, regardless of the presence of sugar and alcohol plants, there was an improvement in health indicators. However, to the interviewed managers, despite there being plants or not, the presence of migrants to cut sugarcane worsened health indicators. Therefore, it was observed that the presence of plants in the municipalities did not interfere in health indicators, but managers perceived a drop in health quality in the municipality.