ABSTRACT This study aimed to prepare Ganoderma-based activated carbons for chemical adsorption and catalyzing N-(phosphonomethyl)iminodiacetic acid to glyphosate. The activated carbons were prepared by applying different activation conditions. These carbon samples were applied to catalyze N-(phosphonomethyl)iminodiacetic acid to glyphosate. The results showed that the black Ganoderma char activated at 800 °C for 90 min using 40% phosphoric acid had the highest methylene blue adsorption capacity and DPPH scavenging activities, but the methylene blue adsorption capacity of the black Ganoderma sample activated at 800 °C for 90 min using 40% acid-base solution was lower than the red AC sample. These carbon samples had high thermal stability. Chemical modifications of these chars with the carbon modifiers at an optimized activation condition increased the Langmuir-specific surface areas of these carbon samples up to 2055.09 m2/g. The carbon sample of black Ganoderma activated using the 40% acid-base solution at 800 °C for 90 min and coupled with the addition of hydrogen peroxide during ultrasonication and microwave-assisted reactions had the highest glyphosate catalyzing rate. The glyphosate yield obtained from the catalyzing at atmospheric pressure was 58.78 ± 0.28%. These Ganoderma-based activated carbons can replace other carbon materials for catalysis applications and as adsorbents in food and pharmaceutical industries. Ganodermabased based Nphosphonomethyliminodiacetic N phosphonomethyl iminodiacetic conditions 80 C 9 40 activities acidbase base stability Langmuirspecific Langmuir specific 205509 2055 09 2055.0 m2g mg m2 g m m2/g microwaveassisted microwave assisted rate 5878 58 78 58.7 028 0 28 0.28% industries 8 4 20550 205 2055. 587 5 7 58. 02 2 0.28 20 0.2 0.

Abstract Introduction: Propofol is a widely used anesthetic and its dose is closely related to aging. Telomere length (TL) is a unique heritable trait, and emerging as a biomarker of aging, health and disease. Telomerase RNA component (TERC) plays an important role in maintaining TL. We proposed a hypothesis that propofol dose in general anesthesia can be predicted by measuring TL before operation, which greatly reduced the risk of anesthesia, especially the elderly. Methods: The association between the propofol dose in anesthesia induction and: TL in the DNA of peripheral blood leukocytes; body weight; sex; difference of the Bispectral Index (BIS) before and after anesthesia induction in patients was evaluated by multivariable linear regression analyses. The mutation at the 5’end or 3’end of TERC was detected. We recruited 100 patients of elective surgery. Results: We found that propofol dose in anesthesia induction was clearly correlated significantly with TL (r = 0.78, p < 0.001), body weight (r = 0.84, p = 0.004), sex (r = 0.83, p= 0.84, p = 0.004), sex (r = 0.83, p = 0.004), and difference of BIS before and after anesthesia induction (r = 0.85, p = 0.029). By comparing the absolute values of standardized regression coefficients (0.58, 0.21, 0.19, and 0.12) of the four variables, it can be seen that TL contributes the most to the propofol dose in anesthesia induction. However, the mutation at the 5’ end or 3’ end of TERC was not found. Conclusions: These findings provide preliminary evidence that the propofol dose in anesthesia induction was clearly correlated with genetically determined TL. TL may be a promising predictor of the propofol dose, which is beneficial to improve the safety of anesthesia and reduce perioperative complications. Introduction aging (TL trait disease (TERC operation elderly Methods leukocytes (BIS analyses 5end 5 3end 3 detected 10 surgery Results r 078 0 78 0.78 0.001, 0001 0.001 , 001 0.001) 084 84 0.84 0.004, 0004 0.004 004 0.004) 083 83 0.83 085 85 0.85 0.029. 0029 0.029 . 029 0.029) 0.58, 058 58 (0.58 021 21 0.21 019 19 0.19 0.12 012 12 variables However Conclusions complications 1 07 7 0.7 000 0.00 00 08 8 0.8 002 0.02 02 0.58 05 (0.5 2 0.2 01 0.1 0. 0.0 0.5 (0. (0 (

Resumen Objetivo. Investigar la seguridad y la eficacia de la discectomía endoscópica percutánea (DEP) y de la discectomía fenestrada (DF) en el tratamiento de la hernia de disco lumbar. Método. Se analizaron retrospectivamente los datos clínicos completos de 87 pacientes con hernia de disco lumbar. De acuerdo con el tratamiento prescrito, los pacientes fueron divididos en grupo control (DF, n = 39) y grupo de estudio (DEP, n = 48). Se compararon las condiciones básicas de funcionamiento de los dos grupos y se evaluaron los resultados de la cirugía, la incidencia de complicaciones y la calidad de vida al año de la operación. Resultados. Ambos grupos completaron la operación. En el grupo de estudio, las puntuaciones en la escala visual análoga y ODI disminuyeron significativamente, mientras que las puntuaciones JOA aumentaron significativamente. La tasa de éxito de la operación en el grupo de estudio fue significativamente mayor que en el grupo control, y la incidencia de complicaciones fue significativamente menor que en el grupo control. No hubo diferencia significativa en la calidad de vida entre los dos grupos (p > 0.05). Conclusiones. La tasa de éxito del tratamiento con DEP fue mayor, y el tiempo de recuperación fue más rápido y más seguro que con la DF.

Abstract Background. The aim of the study was to explore the safety and efficacy of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) and fenestration discectomy (FD) in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Material and methods. The complete clinical data from 87 patients with LDH from our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into a control group (n = 39, treated with FD) and a research group (n = 48, treated with PTED) according to the prescribed treatments. The basic operation conditions were compared across the two groups. Surgical outcomes were assessed. The incidences of complications and the life quality of patients were evaluated 1 year after surgery. Results. The patients in both groups completed the operation. The visual analog scale and Oswestry Disability Index score of patients in the research group was significantly lower while the Orthopaedic Association Score was significantly higher after surgery. The success rate of the operation in the research group which was significantly higher and the rate of complications was significantly lower. No statistical differences in the quality of life were observed between the patients (p > 0.05). Conclusions. PTED and FD are effective in the treatment of LDH. However, our study showed that PTED has a higher rate of treatment success, faster recovery times and is safer than FD.

RESUMO Introdução As características peculiares da patinação de velocidade em pista curta devem ser integradas na psicologia das competições; considera-se que os atletas de elite engajados nesta modalidade especial devem ter boa condição psíquica. Objetivo Investigar o poder explosivo das patinadoras de patinação de velocidade em pista curta. Métodos 10 atletas-chave da equipe nacional de patinação de velocidade em pista curta foram selecionadas, o poder explosivo foi testado por teste T, teste hexagonal e teste de sensibilidade pro. A análise dos dados foi realizada utilizando um teste t de amostra independente, as diferenças nos resultados dos indicadores de teste relacionados entre os grupos foram analisadas, e foi utilizada a análise de medidas repetidas de variação. Resultados Durante a fase de pontapé explosivo, a velocidade da extensão do joelho aumentou linearmente de 210°/S para 600°/S, e a velocidade da extensão do quadril aumentou linearmente de 200°/S para 400°/S. Conclusão O desenvolvimento da força do grupo muscular e do poder explosivo durante o treinamento muitas vezes apresenta diferenças no grau de contração, o que está relacionado com a disposição dos métodos de treinamento. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction The peculiar characteristics of short track speed skating should be integrated into the psychology of competitions; it is considered that elite athletes engaged in this particular sport should have a healthy psychic condition. Objective Investigate the explosive power of female speed skaters in short track speed skating. Methods 10 key athletes from the national short track speed skating team were selected, and explosive power was tested by T-test, hexagonal test, and pro sensitivity test. Data analysis was performed using an independent sample t-test, differences in the results of related test indicators between groups were analyzed, and repeated measures analysis of variance was used. Results During the explosive kick phase, knee extension speed increased linearly from 210°/S to 600°/S, and hip extension speed increased linearly from 200°/S to 400°/S. Conclusion The development of muscle group strength and explosive power during training often shows differences in the degree of contraction, which is related to the arrangement of training methods. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción Las características peculiares del patinaje de velocidad en pista corta deben integrarse en la psicología de las competiciones; se considera que los atletas de élite que se dedican a esta modalidad especial deben tener una buena condición psíquica. Objetivo Investigar la potencia explosiva de las patinadoras de velocidad en pista corta. Métodos Se seleccionaron 10 atletas clave del equipo nacional de patinaje de velocidad en pista corta, se probó la potencia explosiva mediante la prueba T, la prueba hexagonal y la prueba de sensibilidad pro. El análisis de los datos se realizó mediante una prueba t de muestras independientes, se analizaron las diferencias en los resultados de los indicadores de las pruebas relacionadas entre los grupos y se utilizó el análisis de varianza de medidas repetidas. Resultados Durante la fase de patada explosiva, la velocidad de extensión de la rodilla aumentó linealmente de 210°/S a 600°/S, y la velocidad de extensión de la cadera aumentó linealmente de 200°/S a 400°/S. Conclusión El desarrollo de la fuerza y la potencia explosiva de los grupos musculares durante el entrenamiento suele mostrar diferencias en el grado de contracción, lo que está relacionado con la disposición de los métodos de entrenamiento. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

RESUMO Introdução Embora o tempo de desenvolvimento da patinação em pista curta na China seja relativamente curto, com os esforços conjuntos de muitos atletas e treinadores, o nível técnico especial pode ser comparável com o dos países europeus e americanos. Objetivo Verificar os impactos do treinamento de coordenação física sobre a velocidade na patinação de velocidade em pista curta. Métodos Atletas da equipe de patinação provincial foram aleatoriamente selecionados e distribuídos em grupos controle e experimental para aplicar o método de treinamento na coordenação física de patinação de velocidade em pista curta. Resultados A taxa média de gordura corporal dos patinadores no grupo controle foi 15,24%, a taxa média de gordura corporal no grupo de controle foi 15,20%, e o valor de T do grupo experimental e do grupo de controle foi 1,00, P = 0,374 < 0,05. Conclusão Por serem equipamentos especiais, o dispositivo de treinamento de resistência à curva e o paraquedas de resistência ao ar desempenharam um papel importante na melhoria da aptidão física especial dos patinadores chineses de velocidade em pista curta. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction Although the development time of short-track speed skating in China is relatively short, with the joint efforts of many athletes and coaches, the special technical level can be comparable with that of European and American countries. Objective Verify the impacts of physical coordination training on speed in short track speed skating. Methods Athletes from the provincial skating team were randomly selected and distributed into control and experimental groups to apply the training method on physical coordination in short track speed skating. Results The average body fat rate of the skaters in the control group was 15.24%, the average body fat rate in the control group was 15.20%, and the T value of the experimental group and control group was 1.00, P = 0.374 < 0.05. Conclusion Because they are special equipment, the turn resistance training device and the air resistance parachute played an important role in improving the special fitness of Chinese short track speed skaters. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción Aunque el tiempo de desarrollo del patinaje de velocidad en pista corta en China es relativamente corto, con el esfuerzo conjunto de muchos atletas y entrenadores, el nivel técnico especial puede ser comparable al de los países europeos y americanos. Objetivo Verificar los impactos del entrenamiento de la coordinación física sobre la velocidad en el patinaje de velocidad en pista corta. Métodos Se seleccionaron aleatoriamente atletas del equipo provincial de patinaje y se distribuyeron en grupos de control y experimentales para aplicar el método de entrenamiento de la coordinación física en el patinaje de velocidad en pista corta. Resultados El índice medio de grasa corporal de los patinadores del grupo de control fue del 15,24%, el índice medio de grasa corporal del grupo de control fue del 15,20%, y el valor T del grupo experimental y del grupo de control fue de 1,00, P = 0,374 < 0,05. Conclusión Debido a que son equipos especiales, el dispositivo de entrenamiento de resistencia en curva y el paracaídas de resistencia al aire desempeñaron un papel importante en la mejora de la aptitud física especial de los patinadores de velocidad de pista corta chinos. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Abstract Objective Abnormal complement activation is associated with periodontitis. W54011 is a novel non-peptide C5aR antagonist (C5aRA) that exhibits favorable anti-inflammatory effects in various inflammatory models. However, whether W54011 inhibits periodontitis has not yet been fully elucidated. To address this, we have investigated the probable anti-inflammatory mechanism of W54011 in LPS-treated inflammation in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Methodology HGFs were isolated from healthy gingival tissue samples using the tissue block method and were identified with immunofluorescence staining. The CCK8 assay and reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) were used to select the optimal induction conditions for Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and C5aRA (according to supplementary data S1, S2 and S3). The levels of inflammatory cytokines, C5aR, and the activation of NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways were determined by RT-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting. Results Immunofluorescence results showed that vimentin and FSP-1 were positive in HGFs and Keratin was negative in HGFs. Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that C5aRA inhibited LPS-stimulated nuclear translocation of p-p65. RT-qPCR and Western blotting showed that C5aRA reduced the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, C5aR, p-p65, p-IκBα, p-JNK, p-c-JUN, and TLR4 in LPS-induced HGFs. Conclusion These findings suggested that C5aRA attenuated the release of inflammatory cytokines in LPS-induced HGFs by blocking the activation of the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. W W5401 nonpeptide non peptide CaR C aR CaRA aRA (C5aRA antiinflammatory anti models However elucidated this LPStreated LPS treated . (HGFs) CCK transcriptionPCR transcription RTPCR RT (RT-PCR (LPS according S1 S S3. S3 S3) NFκB/MAPK NFκBMAPK NF κB/MAPK κB RTquantitative quantitative RTqPCR qPCR (RT-qPCR FSP1 FSP 1 FSP- LPSstimulated stimulated pp65. pp65 pp p p65. p65 p-p65 IL1β, IL1β ILβ IL 1β, 1β β IL-1β IL6, IL6 6, 6 IL-6 TNFα, TNFα TNF α, α TNF-α pp65, p65, pIκBα, pIκBα IκBα, IκBα p-IκBα pJNK, pJNK JNK, JNK p-JNK pcJUN, pcJUN c JUN, JUN p-c-JUN TLR LPSinduced induced NFκB W540 (HGFs κBMAPK pp6 p6 p-p6 IL- W54 p-p W5

RESUMEN Introducción: En el contexto del COVID-19, muchas actividades físicas se han restringido al ámbito doméstico, incluidos los deportes comunitarios tradicionales. La situación de las lesiones corporales y las estrategias de prevención durante este período urgen investigaciones y adaptaciones para un abordaje preventivo. Objetivo: Explorar el escenario actual ideando medios de prevención para las lesiones deportivas causadas en el entorno doméstico. Métodos: Un total de 60 personas fueron seleccionadas como voluntarios experimentales para el análisis de las lesiones deportivas domiciliarias, 30 en el grupo experimental y 30 en el grupo control, se estudiaron los casos y se plantearon hipótesis corroborando para un sistema preventivo de las lesiones deportivas domiciliarias catalogadas, así como la mitigación de sus intercurrencias. Resultados: En el grupo experimental, la amplitud de flexión aumentó de 74,55±5,30 a 95,19±6,54; la amplitud de extensión aumentó de −3,88±3,29 a 1,57±2,17; el índice de marcha evolucionó de 22,61±7,00 a 28,53±5,74; el índice de actividad en escaleras aumentó de 18,70±6,79 a 18,70±6,79. Los mismos datos medidos en el grupo de control no mostraron cambios significativos. Conclusión: La prevención de las lesiones deportivas durante la pandemia actual comienza en el cuidado del sistema inmunológico, también se describió el cuidado del entorno del hogar, así como la validación de un tratamiento eficaz para la rehabilitación de las lesiones deportivas en el hogar de manera oportuna. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento. Introducción COVID19, COVID19 COVID 19, 19 COVID-19 doméstico tradicionales Objetivo Métodos 6 3 catalogadas intercurrencias Resultados 7455530 74 55 5 74,55±5,3 95,19±6,54 9519654 95 54 388329 88 29 −3,88±3,2 1,57±2,17 157217 1 57 2 17 2261700 22 61 7 00 22,61±7,0 28,53±5,74 2853574 28 53 1870679 18 70 79 18,70±6,7 significativos Conclusión inmunológico oportuna II COVID1 COVID-1 745553 74,55±5, 95,19±6,5 951965 9 38832 8 −3,88±3, 1,57±2,1 15721 226170 0 22,61±7, 28,53±5,7 285357 187067 18,70±6, COVID- 74555 74,55±5 95,19±6, 95196 3883 −3,88±3 1,57±2, 1572 22617 22,61±7 28,53±5, 28535 18706 18,70±6 7455 74,55± 95,19±6 9519 388 −3,88± 1,57±2 157 2261 22,61± 28,53±5 2853 1870 18,70± 745 74,55 95,19± 951 38 −3,88 1,57± 15 226 22,61 28,53± 285 187 18,70 74,5 95,19 −3,8 1,57 22,6 28,53 18,7 74, 95,1 −3, 1,5 22, 28,5 18, 95, −3 1, 28, −

RESUMO Introdução: No contexto da COVID-19, muitas atividades físicas restringiram-se ao ambiente doméstico, incluindo os esportes tradicionalmente comunitários. A situação das lesões corporais e as estratégias de prevenção durante este período urgem investigações e adaptações para uma abordagem preventiva. Objetivo: Explorar o cenário atual elaborando meios de prevenção para as lesões esportivas ocasionadas em ambiente domiciliar. Métodos: Um total de 60 pessoas foram selecionadas como voluntários experimentais para análise de lesão esportiva domiciliar, 30 no grupo experimental e 30 no grupo de controle, estudou-se os casos e foram levantadas hipóteses corroborando para um sistema preventivo das lesões esportivas domiciliares catalogadas, bem como a atenuação de suas intercorrências. Resultados: No grupo experimental, a amplitude de flexão aumentou de 74,55±5,30 para 95,19±6,54; a amplitude de extensão aumentou de −3,88±3,29 para 1,57±2,17; o índice de caminhada evoluiu de 22,61±7,00 para 28,53±5,74; o índice de atividade em escadas aumentou de 18,70±6,79 para 18,70±6,79. Os mesmos dados aferidos no grupo controle não apresentaram alterações significativas. Conclusão: A prevenção de lesões esportivas durante a pandemia atual inicia-se no cuidado do sistema imunológico, cuidados com o ambiente doméstico também foram descritos, bem como a validação de tratamento eficaz para a reabilitação das lesões esportivas domésticas em tempo hábil. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento. Introdução COVID19, COVID19 COVID 19, 19 COVID-19 restringiramse restringiram se comunitários preventiva Objetivo domiciliar Métodos 6 3 estudouse estudou catalogadas intercorrências Resultados 7455530 74 55 5 74,55±5,3 95,19±6,54 9519654 95 54 388329 88 29 −3,88±3,2 1,57±2,17 157217 1 57 2 17 2261700 22 61 7 00 22,61±7,0 28,53±5,74 2853574 28 53 1870679 18 70 79 18,70±6,7 significativas Conclusão iniciase inicia imunológico descritos hábil II COVID1 COVID-1 745553 74,55±5, 95,19±6,5 951965 9 38832 8 −3,88±3, 1,57±2,1 15721 226170 0 22,61±7, 28,53±5,7 285357 187067 18,70±6, COVID- 74555 74,55±5 95,19±6, 95196 3883 −3,88±3 1,57±2, 1572 22617 22,61±7 28,53±5, 28535 18706 18,70±6 7455 74,55± 95,19±6 9519 388 −3,88± 1,57±2 157 2261 22,61± 28,53±5 2853 1870 18,70± 745 74,55 95,19± 951 38 −3,88 1,57± 15 226 22,61 28,53± 285 187 18,70 74,5 95,19 −3,8 1,57 22,6 28,53 18,7 74, 95,1 −3, 1,5 22, 28,5 18, 95, −3 1, 28, −

ABSTRACT Introduction: In the context of COVID-19, many physical activities have been restricted to the home environment, including traditional community sports. The situation of bodily injuries and prevention strategies during this period urges investigation and adaptation for a preventive approach. Objective: Explore the current scenario by devising means of prevention for sports injuries caused in the home environment. Methods: A total of 60 people were selected as experimental volunteers for home sports injury analysis, 30 in the experimental group and 30 in the control group, the cases were studied, and hypotheses were raised corroborating a preventive system of the cataloged home sports injuries, as well as the mitigation of their intercurrences. Results: In the experimental group, the flexion amplitude increased from 74.55±5.30 to 95.19±6.54; the extension amplitude increased from −3.88±3.29 to 1.57±2.17; the walking index evolved from 22.61±7.00 to 28.53±5.74; the stair activity index increased from 18.70±6.79 to 18.70±6.79. The same data measured in the control group showed no significant changes. Conclusion: Prevention of sports injuries during the current pandemic begins with the care of the immune system; care of the home environment was also described, as well as validation of effective treatment for timely rehabilitation of home sports injuries. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes. Introduction COVID19, COVID19 COVID 19, 19 COVID-19 approach Objective Methods 6 analysis 3 studied intercurrences Results 7455530 74 55 5 74.55±5.3 95.19±6.54 9519654 95 54 388329 88 29 −3.88±3.2 1.57±2.17 157217 1 57 2 17 2261700 22 61 7 00 22.61±7.0 28.53±5.74 2853574 28 53 1870679 18 70 79 18.70±6.7 changes Conclusion described II outcomes COVID1 COVID-1 745553 74.55±5. 95.19±6.5 951965 9 38832 8 −3.88±3. 1.57±2.1 15721 226170 0 22.61±7. 28.53±5.7 285357 187067 18.70±6. COVID- 74555 74.55±5 95.19±6. 95196 3883 −3.88±3 1.57±2. 1572 22617 22.61±7 28.53±5. 28535 18706 18.70±6 7455 74.55± 95.19±6 9519 388 −3.88± 1.57±2 157 2261 22.61± 28.53±5 2853 1870 18.70± 745 74.55 95.19± 951 38 −3.88 1.57± 15 226 22.61 28.53± 285 187 18.70 74.5 95.19 −3.8 1.57 22.6 28.53 18.7 74. 95.1 −3. 1.5 22. 28.5 18. 95. −3 1. 28. −

Objective: To gather current evidence on the impact of antipsychotics on long-term mortality in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: We systematically searched for articles in Embase, PubMed, and PsycINFO reporting the long-term mortality (follow-up > 1 year) of patients with schizophrenia who were using any antipsychotics. We then conducted multiple meta-analyses to determine differences in long-term mortality between different types of antipsychotics. Results: We identified 45 articles that provided unadjusted long-term mortality rates, including 46,171 deaths during 2,394,911 person-years. The pooled mortality rate was 9.9 (95%CI = 7.4-12.7) per 1,000 person-years. The unadjusted crude mortality rate of antipsychotic drug users was lower than that of non-users (risk ratio [RR] = 0.546, 95%CI = 0.480-0.621), first-generation antipsychotics caused higher all-cause mortality than second-generation antipsychotics (RR = 1.485, 95%CI = 1.361-1.620), and polypharmacy had better effects than monotherapy on long-term mortality (RR = 0.796, 95%CI = 0.689-0.921). As for the causes of death, heart disease and cardiovascular disease ranked highest among cause-specific mortality (5.6 per 1,000 person-years). Conclusion: Since antipsychotics had a beneficial effect on long-term mortality in schizophrenia, greater precaution should be taken with patients who do not take them. However, since disease severity, comorbidities, and other confounding factors cannot be fully controlled, further research and verification are needed.

Abstract Fresh beef was treated with 3 g/L sodium lactate (Group SL) and the fresh beef without treatment was sampled as negative control (Group C). Based on the comprehensive analyses of pH, color and glycolytic rate, sodium lactate usage exhibited a better pH and color stability, which is conducive to maintaining the meat quality. The Group SL had lower glycogen content and higher lactate content than that of Group C. Meanwhile, the Group SL had significantly higher (p < 0.05) lactate dehydrogenase and hexokinase activity than that of Group C druing chilled storage. Moreover, NADH/NAD+ ratio in Group SL maintained at a stable level with a range from 0.54 to 0.68 during chilled storage. In contrast, Group C showed a high NADH/NAD+ ratio which indicated insufficient reducing activity. These results revealed that the sodium lactate treatment had a positive relationship with glycolytic rate and promoted the increase of glycolysis rate. These results may be partially explained the reason why sodium lactate usage can promote color stability via increase of glycolysis rate.

Abstract Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) plays a key role in tea processing. It catalyzes the conversion of tea polyphenols into theaflavin and its derivatives. PPO was partially purified and characterized in both its soluble form (sPPO) and membrane-bound form (mPPO) from tea (Camellia sinensis) leaves. Both forms were purified by three-phase partitioning and membrane ultrafiltration. sPPO and mPPO showed high activity against diphenols as substrate and had the highest affinity for catechol and caffeic acid. The optimum temperatures and pH for enzyme activity were different. mPPO was more stable than sPPO in the acidic pH range. Among the chemical inhibitors studied, oxalic acid exerted the highest inhibitory effect on mPPO, whereas EDTA showed the highest inhibitory effect on sPPO. Both sPPO and mPPO showed similar enzymatic synthesis rates in the formation of theaflavin-3'-gallate and theaflavin-3,3'-gallate. At high concentrations of the substrate, the synthesis of theaflavins was inhibited due to the presence of high levels of ester catechins. However, mPPO showed stronger stability against inhibition by ester catechins than sPPO.

Abstract Accumulating reports have showed that altered expression of blood-circulating (miRNAs) can serve as diagnostic biomarkers of cancer, but descriptions of serum exosomal miRNAs in AML are still lacking. The present study was designed to measure serum exosomal miR-21 levels in AML patients and explore its correlation with clinical variables and prognosis. In this study, blood samples were collected from 135 AML patients and 60 controls. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect serum exosomal miR-21 expression levels. The data showed that serum exosomal miR-21 levels were significantly higher in AML patients than those in healthy controls. In addition, serum exosomal miR-21 levels were significantly decreased at one month and three months after their treatment. Further receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that serum exosomal miR-21 level could identify AML patients from normal controls with relative high sensitivity and specificity. Moreover, serum exosomal miR-21 upregulation was closely associated with worse clinical features and shorter survival. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, serum exosomal miR-21 expression showed a significance correlation with survival. In conclusion, serum exosomal miR-21 could be used to predict the diagnosis and prognosis of AML patients.

Abstract To select the optimal condition of 1064 nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser irradiation and study the molecular mechanism of laser irradiation for skin rejuvenation. Sixty male, 6-week-old SKH-1 hairless mice were equally divided into 6 groups: 3d, 7d, 21d, 28d, 42d and 56d of 1064 nm laser irradiation at both 0 J/cm2 (left region) and 1.5 J/cm2 (right region) fluence. The basic skin performances were analysed via quantifying hydroxyproline content and skin hydration in the dermis and epidermis. The Collagen I, MMP2 and TIMP1, as well as ERK 1/2, p38MAPK, JNK and ERK5 signaling pathways levels were detected by qRT-PCR. Laser irradiation led to a marked increase in hydroxyproline content and skin hydration in the dermis and epidermis compared to the non-irradiated area. After laser irradiation, collagen I was markedly up-regulated, MMP2 was significantly decreased and TIMP1 was unchanged. Moreover, qRT-PCR results revealed ERK 1/2 and p38MAPK signaling pathways were activated after laser irradiation. we are firstly proves that 1064 nm laser irradiation can inhibit collagen degradation by stimulating the activation of ERK1/2 and p38MAPK signaling pathways. Additionally, the condition of laser irradiation lasting 21d at fluence of 1.5 J/cm2 displays the best effect of skin rejuvenation in our study.

Abstract Changes in bacterial community composition and bacterial counts of chilled pork during storage at 4 °C were unraveled by culture-dependent method and culture-independent method. Physical and chemical analyses including drip loss, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), pH, and surface color were also performed to estimate its quality and shelf life. A total of 37 phyla, 575 genera and 843 species were identified in all samples by high-throughput sequencing technology during 10 days’ storage. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the dominant phylum. At the genus level, Pseudomonas spp., Acinetobacter spp., Pantoea spp., Brochothrix spp. and Raoultella spp. were the dominant genera with their average relative abundance above 5%. In addition, 12 species with average relative abundance more than 1% were found. These dominant bacteria were main pathogenic or spoilage bacteria, and seriously affected the quality of chilled meat. Based on the results of total viable counts (TVC), TVB-N level and sensory evaluation, the shelf life of chilled pork stored at 4 °C was no more than 3 days. Through the analyses of the TVC and the microbial community structure during the spoilage of chilled pork, the main microorganisms causing spoilage were revealed, which will guide significance for further control microbial quality of chilled pork.

Abstract Comparative efficacy of sodium lactate and Natamycin as preservative against discoloration and spoilage of fresh beef stored at 4 °C were evaluated. Fresh beef was treated with 3 g/L sodium lactate and Natamycin, respectively, and sterilized physiological saline was used as negative control. The spoilage of beef samples was monitored by pH, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), discoloration, sensory analysis and bacterial quality which were determined by culture-dependent and culture-independent analyses. The acceptable shelf life of fresh beef treated by sodium lactate and Natamycin reached 6 days and 4 days, respectively. Whereas, the control sample was acceptable for 3 days. The two kinds of preservative were conducive to hygiene levels improvement. Lactobacillus spp. and Weissella spp. sharply displaced the Ralstoni spp. with high potential spoilage and became the predominant bacteria, and the proliferation of Serratia spp. as the representatives’ genus of psychrotrophic Enterobacteriaceae were completely controlled in the preservative treated samples. Sodium lactate displayed a remarkable efficacy against discoloration and spoilage of chilled beef, resulting in shelf life extension by 3-4 days. Natamycin has a remarkable antibacterial efficacy but a little efficacy against discoloration. Thus, sodium lactate is more suitable for freshness promotion of chilled beef.

Abstract The efficacy of sodium lactate combined with Natamycin against discoloration and spoilage of beef stored at 4 °C was evaluated. The beef was treated with 3 g/L sodium lactate combined with 3 g/L Natamycin, and 3 g/L sodium lactate treatment and 3 g/L Natamycin treatment were performed as control. The spoilage of beef samples was monitored by pH, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), discoloration, sensory analysis and microbial quality. Sodium lactate exhibited a remarkable efficacy against discoloration together with antibacterial efficacy against spoilage. Natamycin has no contribution to delaying discoloration but displayed a remarkable antibacterial efficacy. These results revealed that sodium lactate combined with Natamycin was more conducive to hygiene levels improvement. In the sample treated by sodium lactate combined with Natamycin, Lactobacillus spp. and Weissella spp. sharply displaced the Ralstoni spp. with high potential spoilage and became the predominant bacteria, and the proliferation of Serratia spp. as the representatives’ genus of psychrotrophic Enterobacteriaceae were completely controlled. As a result, the acceptable shelf life of beef treated by sodium combined with Natamycin reached 7 days. While the acceptable shelf life of beef treated by sodium lactate and Natamycin was 6 and 4, respectively.