Abstract ‘BRMGS Camaleão’ is a mungbean cultivar with large, shiny, green seeds released for the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. It was developed by the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center as line VC 6148-B-16. In seven trials established in the Zona da Mata region, it had an average yield of 1493 kg ha-1 and 1000-seed weight of 68-78 g.

ABSTRACT. The Discussion is the hardest section of a scientific article to write, as cognitive skills must be used to properly contextualize the findings of a study. In this article, we guide scientific writers, particularly unexperienced ones, on how to structure a Discussion section based on an article by Docherty and Smith (1999). According to these authors, a discussion should be prepared by organizing information in the following order: (a) statement of principal findings; (b) strengths and weaknesses of the study; (c) strengths and weaknesses in relation to other studies, discussing particularly any differences in results; (d) meaning of the study: possible mechanisms and implications; and (e) unanswered questions and future research. Each component of this sequence is discussed in detail with examples drawn from the literature.

RESUMO. Avaliamos os efeitos de parcelamentos da aplicação de molibdênio (Mo) na fase reprodutiva do feijão-comum no conteúdo de Mo na semente (CMoS) e na sua qualidade fisiológica em dois ensaios na Zona da Mata, Minas Gerais. Pulverizaram-se feijoeiros com 100 ou 600 g Mo ha-1 na fase V4. Esta última dose também foi parcelada: 100(V4)+500(R5), 100(V4)+500(R7), 100(V4)+250(R5)+250(R7) e 100(V4)+150(R5)+350(R7). O CMoS de plantas pulverizadas com 600 g (cinco tratamentos) foi 3,7 ou 62 vezes maior que o das pulverizadas com 100 g; sementes deste tratamento apresentaram qualidade ligeiramente melhor que as daqueles. Aplicação de 100 g em V4 + 500 g na fase reprodutiva (quatro tratamentos) aumentou 1,6 ou 2,7 vezes o CMoS comparativamente ao CMoS de plantas adubadas com 600 g em V4. Parcelamento de 500 g em duas pulverizações aumentou em 11% (p = 0,257) ou 16% (p = 0,013) o CMoS comparativamente a uma pulverização. O CMoS pode ser mais alto quando se pulveriza o Mo em R7 (formação de vagens) comparativamente a R5 (pré-floração), sem prejuízo à qualidade da semente. Logo, o parcelamento do Mo nessas duas fases do feijão-comum economiza fertilizante molíbdico para produzir sementes ricas em Mo, com ligeira redução da qualidade da semente.

ABSTRACT. We evaluated the effects of split molybdenum (Mo) application at the reproductive stage of the common bean on seed Mo content (SMoC) and seed quality in two trials in the Zona da Mata region, Minas Gerais. Plants were sprayed with 100 or 600 g Mo ha-1 at the V4 stage. The higher dose was also split into 100(V4)+500(R5), 100(V4)+500(R7), 100(V4)+250(R5)+250(R7), and 100(V4)+150(R5)+350(R7). SMoC from plants sprayed with 600 g (five treatments) was 3.7- or 62-fold higher than those sprayed with 100 g, with seeds from the former treatments exhibiting slightly poorer quality. Application of 100 g at V4 + 500 g at the reproductive stage (four treatments) increased SMoC 1.6- or 2.7-fold compared with SMoC from plants sprayed with 600 g at V4. Split application of 500 g with two sprays increased SMoC by 11% (p = 0.257) or 16% (p = 0.013) compared with one spray of 500 g. SMoC can be higher with Mo applied at R7 (pod formation) instead of at R5 (pre-flowering), without impairing seed quality. Thus, split Mo application between the R5 and R7 stages of the common bean saves molybdic fertilizer to produce Mo-rich seeds, with only a slight decrease in seed quality.

ABSTRACT White mold caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is the most yield-limiting disease of common bean in Brazil. To date, there has been no commercial cultivar resistant to this disease. In a greenhouse we evaluated white mold resistance sources (Cornell 605, A195 and G122) against eight isolates of S. sclerotiorum from five Brazilian states. A Brazilian cultivar (BRSMG Madrepérola) and a susceptible check (Beryl) were used as control. Treatments were arranged in factorial combinations (5 × 8) in a completely random design with four replicates. Disease severity was assessed on a rating scale of 1-to-9 together with lesion length, which was used to determine an area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). Polymorphisms detected in ten microsatellite loci were used to assess variability between the isolates. Each isolate was a distinct haplotype; they formed a genetic tree with two clusters. One cluster was formed by three isolates collected from the states of Minas Gerais and São Paulo (southeastern); the others, by isolates from Paraná, Santa Catarina (southern), Goiás (Mid-western), and again, Minas Gerais. Genotype × isolate interaction was significant. In general, Beryl was more susceptible than BRSMG Madrepérola. Considering the AUDPC and/or the white mold reaction score, Cornell 605 exhibited more physiological resistance than BRSMG Madrepérola to seven isolates, A195 to five isolates, and G122 to two isolates. Our results suggest that Cornell 605 is the best source of resistance to white mold for the southern region, whereas Cornell 605 and A195 are somewhat superior to G122 for the southeastern and mid-western regions.

Estudou-se a eficácia da aplicação de Trichoderma spp. no controle do mofo-branco do feijoeiro cultivado no outono-inverno na Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais. Não houve efeito do antagonista em reduzir a severidade da doença, o que pode ser explicado pelas baixas temperaturas e pela alta pressão de inóculo no campo. Conclui-se que aplicações de Trichoderma não são recomendadas para o controle do mofo-branco do feijoeiro no outono-inverno em regiões com temperatura média abaixo de 20 °C, considerando que essa condição climática favorece mais o desenvolvimento do patógeno do que o do antagonista.

We studied the effectiveness of application of Trichoderma spp. in controlling white mold on common beans at the fall-winter crop in the Zona da Mata region of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. There was no effect of the antagonist in reducing the disease severity, which could be explained by the low temperatures and the high inoculum pressure in the field. We concluded that Trichoderma applications are not recommended for control of white mold on common beans at the fall-winter season in regions with average temperature bellow 20 °C, since this condition favor more the pathogen than the antagonist.

Estudou-se a suscetibilidade de leguminosas utilizadas como adubos verdes em campos cultivados com feijão à podridão-radicular (Rhizoctonia solani) e à podridão-do-colo (Sclerotium rolfsii). Crotalaria breviflora, Canavalia ensiformis, Cajanus cajan, Dolichos lablab, Stizolobium cinereum, S. aterrimum, e as cultivares de feijão Pérola, Valente e Carnaval foram semeadas em solo infestado por R. solani AG-4 ou S. rolfsii em casa de vegetação. A emergência de D. lablab em solo infestado por R. solani foi reduzida a 62%. C. breviflora, C. ensiformis e Valente apresentaram a menor severidade de podridão-radicular. O fungo S. rolfsii reduziu drasticamente a emergência de todas as espécies; nenhuma plântula de C. cajan e S. cinereum emergiu. Todas as espécies apresentaram alta severidade de podridão-do-colo. As espécies de leguminosas testadas não são apropriadas para serem utilizadas como adubo verde em áreas de cultivo de feijão com alta população de R. solani e S. rolfsii.

We studied the susceptibility of species used as green manure in common bean fields to root rot (Rhizoctonia solani) and southern blight (Sclerotium rolfsii). Seeds of Crotalaria breviflora, Canavalia ensiformis, Cajanus cajan, Dolichos lablab, Stizolobium cinereum, S. aterrimum, and the bean cvs. "Pérola", "Valente" and "Carnaval" were sown in soil infested by either R. solani AG-4 or S. rolfsii in greenhouse. The emergence of D. lablab seedlings in soil infested by R. solani dropped to 62%. C. breviflora, C. ensiformis and cv. "Valente" presented the lowest root rot severity. The pathogen S. rolfsii drastically reduced seedling emergence in all species; no C. cajan and S. cinereum seedling emerged. All plant species presented high southern blight severity. We conclude that leguminous crops are not suitable as green manure for areas of bean cultivation with high R. solani and S. rolfsii populations.