RESUMO Objetivou-se caracterizar o ambiente térmico da área de seleção e embalagem de um 'packing house' e seus efeitos sobre a qualidade de uvas de mesa produzidas no Vale do São Francisco. O ambiente térmico foi monitorado durante as estações de inverno e verão. Os maiores valores de temperatura do ar (Tar) e menores de umidade relativa do ar (UR) observados no packing house, foram 35 °C e 40,0%, respectivamente, obtidos durante o verão, por 8 h. Após a observação dos dados do ambiente térmico do packing house, foram feitas simulações para avaliar o efeito de condições ambientais ideais de armazenamento e das condições térmicas observadas sobre a qualidade pós-colheita de uvas ‘Thompson’. Neste contexto, uvas foram colhidas e diretamente armazenadas em temperatura e umidade ideais (0 °C e 90%), ou foram expostas previamente a uma temperatura do ar de 35 °C e umidade relativa do ar de 40% por 8 h, simulando o ambiente térmico observado no packing house avaliado, sendo posteriormente armazenada a 0 °C e 90%. A exposição dos frutos ao ambiente observado no packing house resultou em maiores perdas de firmeza e peso de bagas, assim como aumentou os teores de sólidos solúveis e matéria seca do engaço e da baga. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, as condições ambientais observadas no packing house resultam na desidratação das bagas, acelerando a perda de qualidade dos frutos durante o armazenamento.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to characterize the thermal environment in the selection and packing areas of a packing house and its effects on the quality of table grapes produced in the São Francisco Valley, Brazil. The thermal environment was monitored during the winter and summer seasons. The highest value of air temperature (Tair) and the lowest relative humidity (RH) observed in the packing house were 35 °C and 40.0%, respectively, obtained during the summer, for 8 h. After observing the thermal environment data of the packing house, simulations were performed to evaluate the effect of the ideal environmental storage conditions and observed thermal conditions on the postharvest quality of “Thompson” grapes. Grapes were harvested and stored directly at the ideal temperature and RH of 0 °C and 90%, respectively, or previously exposed to a temperature of 35 °C and RH of 40% for 8 h, the thermal environment observed in the evaluated packing house, followed by storage at 0 °C and 90% RH. Fruit exposure to high temperature and low RH before the ideal storage conditions resulted in higher loss of berry firmness and weight, along with increased soluble solids and dry matter content of rachis and berry. Based on these results, the environmental conditions observed in the packing house result in berry dehydration, which accelerates the loss of fruit quality during storage.

This study evaluated the metalloproteomic profile of muscle tissue samples from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) methods was used for protein fractionation and identification based on image analysis. Determination of Ca, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn was performed in the protein spots by flame and/or graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS, GFAAS), the protein spots were characterized by electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). FAAS and GFAAS determinations have indicated the presence of calcium in seven protein spots, iron in only one spot, manganese in six spots, and zinc in two spots. Of the seventeen protein spots where the presence of metal ions was detected, ten were characterized by ESI-MS/MS.

Copper fractionation in plasma, muscle and liver of Nile tilapia was performed after protein separation by 2D-PAGE. SR XRF analysis indicated the presence of copper in three protein spots of plasma, and in two protein spots of muscle and liver, respectively. Copper ions were found to be distributed mostly in proteins that had a molar mass of less than 54 kDa and greater than 13 kDa and a pI in the 5.3-9.3 range. The copper concentration bound to these proteins was determined by GFAAS which showed concentrations in the 1.20-4.82 mg g-1 range.

Sementes de alfafa (Medicago sativa) contaminadas in vitro com Fusarium oxysporum foram submetidas a tratamento térmico seco, térmico úmido e químico, visando a erradicação deste patógeno. O tratamento térmico seco foi realizado em câmara com fluxo de ar constante, em sementes com umidade relativa abaixo de 5%, pré-tratamento a 60 °C por 3 ou 6 h, seguido do tratamento a 90 °C por 3 ou 6 h. O tratamento térmico úmido foi realizado em banho-maria, com pré-tratamento a 40 °C por 10, 20 ou 30 min e tratamentos a 50 °C ou 60 °C por 10, 20 e 30 min. Os produtos químicos testados foram benomyl, thiabendazole, iprodione e thiram, nas dosagens recomendadas pelos fabricantes e o triplo dessas dosagens. Foram avaliados os efeitos dos tratamentos no controle de F. oxysporum, pelo método de "Blotter test", e na germinação das sementes. O tratamento térmico úmido, 40 °C por 20 min, seguido de 50 °C por 20 min, erradicou o patógeno F. oxysporum, mas reduziu significativamente a germinação das sementes. O tratamento térmico seco a 60 °C por 3 h, seguido de 90 ºC por 3 ou 6 h de exposição, erradicou F. oxysporum sem alterar significativamente a germinação das sementes. Benomyl foi o mais eficiente dos produtos químicos testados, erradicando F. oxysporum sem afetar a germinação das sementes de alfafa.

The dry thermal treatment was conducted in a continuous air flux chamber on alfafa (Medicago sativa) seeds with relative humidity under 5%. Seeds underwent a pre-treatment for 60 °C during three or six hours, followed by a treatment at 90 °C for three or six hours. The wet treatment was conducted in water bath, and consisted of a pre-treatment at 40 °C for 10, 20 or 30 min, and then treatments at 50 °C or 60 °C for 10, 20 or 30 min. The chemicals tested were benomyl, thiabendazole, iprodione and thiram, at the dosages recommended by their manufactures and also at three times these dosages. The wet thermal treatment at 40 °C for 20 min, followed by the treatment at 50 °C for 20 min, were effective in the eradication of Fusarium oxysporum, but significantly affected the alfafa seed germination. The dry thermal treatment at 60 °C for 3 h, followed by the treatment of 90 °C for 3 to 6 h, eradicated F. oxysporum without a significant reduction in seed germination. Benomyl was the most efficient chemical product in eradicating F. oxysporum without affecting the alfalfa seed germination.