Abstract Colombia is a tropical country with a rich fern flora. The Quindío Department is in an area which is undergoing significant environmental changes due to anthropogenic activities, such as coffee cultivation. Gleicheniaceae, a family of pioneer ferns, is known for preferentially occupying open, sunny, and disturbed habitats, such as roadsides. Our study aimed to conduct a taxonomic treatment of the Gleicheniaceae species in the Quindío Department in Colombia. Our results revealed the presence of 10 species distributed in four genera, with the Sticherus genus accounting for most of the species (seven in total). Notably, a new record of Sticherus (S. brevitomentosus) was found for Colombia, indicating the potential for the discovery of additional species in future studies. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that 42% of the 24 species reported in the Andean region were present in the Quindío Department, and Calarcá and Salento were the municipalities with the highest diversity. We have provided taxonomic descriptions for the genera and species, as well as an identification key, maps, images, and comments on the taxonomy and distribution of the species. flora activities cultivation ferns open sunny habitats roadsides 1 seven total. total . total) Notably S. S (S brevitomentosus studies Furthermore 42 2 diversity key maps images 4

Resumen Colombia es un país tropical con una rica flora de helechos. El Departamento de Quindío está ubicado en una zona que sufre una importante alteración ambiental debido a actividades antropogénicas como el cultivo de café. Las Gleicheniaceae, una familia de helechos pioneros, son conocidas por ocupar preferentemente hábitats abiertos, soleados y perturbados, como los bordes de las carreteras. Nuestro estudio tuvo como objetivo realizar un tratamiento taxonómico de las especies de Gleicheniaceae en el Departamento de Quindío, Colombia. Nuestros resultados revelaron la presencia de 10 especies distribuidas en cuatro géneros, siendo el género Sticherus el que cuenta con la mayoría de las especies (siete en total). Notablemente, se encontró un nuevo registro de Sticherus (S. brevitomentosus) para Colombia, lo que sugiere la posible descubierta de especies adicionales en futuros estudios. Además, nuestros resultados demostraron que el 42% de las 24 especies reportadas en la región Andina estaban presentes en el Departamento de Quindío, siendo Calarcá y Salento los municipios con la mayor diversidad. Hemos proporcionado descripciones taxonómicas tanto para los géneros como para las especies, así como una clave de identificación, mapas, imágenes y comentarios sobre la taxonomía y distribución de las especies.Palabras clave: helechos, flora, Gleicheniales, tratamiento taxonómico. café pioneros abiertos perturbados carreteras 1 siete total. total . total) Notablemente S. S (S brevitomentosus estudios Además 42 2 diversidad identificación mapas especiesPalabras Palabras Gleicheniales 4

ABSTRACT We discuss the importance of fern and lycophyte species in the Atlantic Forest ecosystem as well as the need for floristic inventories to understand their distribution and conservation status. We focus on the Serra do Papagaio region in southeastern Brazil, which is known for its high plant diversity but lacks comprehensive inventories of ferns and lycophytes. In this study, we conducted a floristic inventory of Serra do Papagaio and identified 172 fern and 29 lycophyte species. Our findings reveal 21 threatened species and two new records for Minas Gerais State. Additionally, we compared the floristic composition of Serra do Papagaio with that of other areas within the Atlantic Forest using non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and generalized dissimilarity modeling (GDM) analyses. The results highlight distinct clusters of areas based on elevation and geographic location. We emphasize the need for further sampling and conservation efforts in Serra do Papagaio as well as provide valuable insights into the drivers of fern and lycophyte diversity in the Atlantic Forest. status Brazil lycophytes study 17 2 State Additionally nonmetric non metric NMDS (NMDS GDM (GDM analyses location 1

Abstract Studies concerning the cytogenetics of Gleicheniaceae have been scarce, especially those employing evolutionary approaches. Two chromosome number evolutionary models have been hypothesized for Gleicheniaceae. One proposes that ancestral haploid numbers were small and that the chromosome numbers of extant species evolved through polyploidy. The other model proposes that, at the genus level, fern chromosome evolution occurred from ancestors with essentially the same high chromosome numbers seen in living lineages. Neither of those hypotheses has been tested based on phylogenetic frameworks. We sought to (i) present the state of the art of Gleicheniaceae chromosome numbers; (ii) test the two evolutionary models of chromosome numbers within a phylogenetic framework; (iii) test correlations between DNA contents and chromosome numbers in the family. We report here DNA C-values for five species, which increases the number of investigated taxa nearly twofold and report two new genera records. Ancestral state chromosome reconstruction corroborates the hypothesis that ancestral chromosome numbers in Gleicheniaceae were as high as those of extant lineages. Our results demonstrate the possible role of dysploidy in the evolutionary chromosome history of Gleicheniaceae at the genus level and suggest that the relationship between chromosome number and DNA content does not appear to be linear.

Resumo Este estudo trata os táxons das famílias Athyriaceae, Lomariopsidaceae, Metaxyaceae e Saccolomataceae (Polypodiopsida) encontrados nas formações de Floresta Ombrófila Densa circunvizinhas às formações de canga da Serra dos Carajás, estado do Pará, e conta com descrições, imagens, distribuição e comentários. Na área de estudo foram registradas oito espécies distribuídas em cinco gêneros.

Abstract This study addresses the families Athyriaceae, Lomariopsidaceae, Metaxyaceae and Saccolomataceae (Polypodiopsida) recorded in the rainforest surrounding “canga” formations of the Serra dos Carajás, Pará state, with descriptions, images, geographical distribution and comments. In the study area were recorded eight species distributed in five genera.

Resumo Este estudo trata os táxons da família Gleicheniaceae encontradas nas formações ferríferas da Serra dos Carajás, estado do Pará, com descrições, imagens, distribuição e comentários. Na área de estudo foram registradas duas espécies distribuídas em dois gêneros: Dicranopteris flexuosa e Gleichenella pectinata.

Abstract This study addresses the Gleicheniaceae taxa recorded in ferruginous formations of Serra dos Carajás, Pará state, with descriptions, images, geographical distribution, and comments. In the study area were recorded two species distributed in two genera: Dicranopteris flexuosa and Gleichenella pectinata.

Resumo Este estudo trata os táxons da família Marattiaceae encontrados nas formações ferríferas da Serra dos Carajás, estado do Pará, com descrições, imagens, distribuição e comentários. Na área de estudo foram registrados um gênero e duas espécies: Danaea cartilaginea e Danaea leprieurii. As duas espécies constituem registros novos para o estado do Pará.

Abstract This study addresses the Marattiaceae taxa recorded in ferruginous formations of Serra dos Carajás, Pará state, with descriptions, images, geographical distribution, and comments. In the study area one genus and two species were recorded: Danaea cartilaginea and Danaea leprieurii. The two species are new records to Pará state.