RESUMEN Introducción: La pandemia provocada por el COVID-19 trajo efectos preocupantes relacionados con los “nuevos” hábitos adoptados por la población. El largo período de cierre de escuelas y aislamiento social ha impactado profundamente en el aprendizaje, la salud y la protección de niños, niñas y adolescentes. Objetivo: Reevaluar atletas escolares sometidos a cuarentena por COVID-19, destacando los principales hábitos de actividad física (AF), alimentación y sueño y las implicaciones relacionadas con la salud física y mental después de un año de pandemia en la ciudad de Curitiba, Brasil. Métodos: Se realizaron dos encuestas, 342 asistieron a la primera evaluación y 222 a la segunda. Se aplicó un cuestionario en línea (Google docs) a los estudiantes, compuesto por 18 preguntas cerradas y abiertas en el primer momento (inicio de la pandemia) y 22 en el segundo momento (después de un año de pandemia). Resultados: La mitad de los estudiantes (53,2%; 57%) refirió tener hasta tres comidas al día. En cuanto al tiempo de sueño, la mayoría de los estudiantes (80%; 79,5%) pudo dormir por la noche entre las 6:00 y las 10:00. Hubo una disminución significativa en el tiempo dedicado a las redes sociales, migrando a las actividades escolares (p <0,005). Aproximadamente una cuarta parte de los estudiantes deportistas (27%) practicaban AF todos los días y se sentían realizados en la primera evaluación, y en la segunda evaluación este número aumentó al 43% (p = 0,009). Conclusión: A pesar de la disminución del tiempo de pantalla y del aumento de la AF regular, hubo un aumento del peso corporal en más de un tercio de los atletas evaluados. Los que mantuvieron su peso corporal fueron aquellos que mantuvieron estilos de vida más saludables con varias comidas dentro del rango recomendado y que dormían de 6 a 10 horas por noche. Nivel de Evidencia III; Estudio comparativo retrospectivo. Introducción COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 nuevos “nuevos población aprendizaje niños adolescentes Objetivo COVID19, 19, AF, , (AF) Curitiba Brasil Métodos encuestas 34 Google docs 1 inicio 2 pandemia. . Resultados 53,2% 532 53 (53,2% 57% 57 día 80% 80 (80% 79,5% 795 79 5 600 00 6:0 1000. 1000 00. 10:00 sociales p <0,005. 0005 <0,005 0 005 <0,005) 27% 27 (27% 43 0,009. 0009 0,009 009 0,009) Conclusión regular evaluados III retrospectivo COVID1 COVID- (AF 3 53,2 (53,2 8 (80 79,5 7 60 6: 100 10:0 000 <0,00 (27 4 0,00 53, (53, (8 79, 10: <0,0 (2 0,0 (53 ( <0, 0, (5 <0 <

ABSTRACT Introduction: The pandemic caused by COVID-19 has resulted in worrying effects related to the “new” habits adopted by the population. The long period of school closures and social isolation have profoundly impacted the learning, health, and protection of children and adolescents. Objective: To re-evaluate school athletes quarantined by COVID-19, highlighting the main physical activity (PA), eating and sleeping habits, and the implications related to physical and mental health after one year of the pandemic in the city of Curitiba, Brazil. Methods: Two surveys were conducted, 342 attended the first assessment, and 222 attended the second. An online questionnaire (Google docs) was applied to the students, consisting of 18 closed and open questions in the first moment (beginning of the pandemic) and 22 at the second moment (after one year of the pandemic). Results: Half of the students (53.2%; 57%) reported eating up to three meals daily. With regard to sleeping hours, the majority of students (80%; 79.5%) were able to sleep at night between 6:00 and 10:00. There was a significant decrease in the time spent on social networks, migrating to school activities (p <0.005). Approximately a quarter of the student-athletes (27%) practiced PA every day and felt fulfilled in the first assessment, and in the second assessment, this number increased to 43% (p = 0.009). Conclusion: Despite the decrease in screen time and the increase in regular PA, there was an increase in body weight in more than a third of the athletes evaluated. Those who maintained their body weight maintained healthier lifestyles with several meals within the recommended range and slept 6 to 10 hours per night. Level of Evidence III; Retrospective comparative study. Introduction COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 new “new population learning adolescents Objective reevaluate re evaluate COVID19, 19, , (PA) Curitiba Brazil Methods conducted 34 assessment Google docs 1 beginning 2 pandemic. . Results 53.2% 532 53 (53.2% 57% 57 daily 80% 80 (80% 79.5% 795 79 5 600 00 6:0 1000. 1000 00. 10:00 networks p <0.005. 0005 <0.005 0 005 <0.005) studentathletes student 27% 27 (27% 43 0.009. 0009 0.009 009 0.009) Conclusion evaluated III study COVID1 COVID- (PA 3 53.2 (53.2 8 (80 79.5 7 60 6: 100 10:0 000 <0.00 (27 4 0.00 53. (53. (8 79. 10: <0.0 (2 0.0 (53 ( <0. 0. (5 <0 <

RESUMO Introdução: A pandemia provocada pelo COVID-19 resultou em efeitos preocupantes relacionados aos “novos” hábitos adotados pela população. O longo período de fechamento das escolas e o isolamento social têm impactado profundamente a aprendizagem, a saúde e a proteção de crianças e adolescentes. Objetivo: Reavaliar atletas escolares submetidos à quarentena por COVID-19, destacando os principais hábitos de atividade física (AF), alimentação e sono e as implicações relacionadas à saúde física e mental após um ano de pandemia na cidade de Curitiba, Brasil. Métodos: Foram realizadas duas pesquisas, 342 compareceram à primeira avaliação e 222 à segunda. Foi aplicado aos alunos um questionário online (Google docs), composto por 18 questões fechadas e abertas no primeiro momento (início da pandemia) e 22 no segundo momento (após um ano de pandemia). Resultados: Metade dos alunos (53,2%; 57%) relatou fazer até três refeições ao dia. Quanto ao horário de sono, a maioria dos alunos (80%; 79,5%) conseguiu dormir à noite entre 6h00 e 10h00. Houve diminuição significativa do tempo gasto nas redes sociais, migrando para atividades escolares (p <0,005). Aproximadamente um quarto dos alunos atletas (27%) praticava AF todos os dias e se sentiu realizado na primeira avaliação, e na segunda avaliação esse número aumentou para 43% (p = 0,009). Conclusão: Apesar da diminuição do tempo de tela e do aumento da AF regular, houve aumento do peso corporal em mais de um terço dos atletas avaliados. Os que mantiveram o peso corporal foram os que mantiveram estilos de vida mais saudáveis com várias refeições dentro da faixa recomendada e que dormiam de 6 a 10 horas por noite. Nível de Evidência III; Estudo retrospectivo comparativo. Introdução COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 novos “novos população aprendizagem adolescentes Objetivo COVID19, 19, AF, , (AF) Curitiba Brasil Métodos pesquisas 34 Google docs, docs docs) 1 início 2 pandemia. . Resultados 53,2% 532 53 (53,2% 57% 57 dia 80% 80 (80% 79,5% 795 79 5 h 6h0 10h00 sociais p <0,005. 0005 <0,005 0 005 <0,005) 27% 27 (27% 43 0,009. 0009 0,009 009 0,009) Conclusão regular avaliados III comparativo COVID1 COVID- (AF 3 53,2 (53,2 8 (80 79,5 7 6h 10h0 000 <0,00 00 (27 4 0,00 53, (53, (8 79, 10h <0,0 (2 0,0 (53 ( <0, 0, (5 <0 <

Abstract The expansion of adipose tissue, characteristic of obesity, releases inflammatory cytokines, leading to metabolic disorders. Physical activity, on the other hand, promotes fat loss and changes inflammatory profile. This study aimed to investigate the associations of 20 gene variants (TLR2, TLR4, IL1B, IL6, NFKB1, TNF, NFKBIA, NLRC4, CARD8 and NEK7) with anthropometric and biochemical changes induced by physical exercise programs. Thus, 58 children and adolescents participated of the 12-week exercise programs. Parameters were collected before and after programs: body mass index, body fat percentage, LDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides, total cholesterol, insulin, glucose, HOMA-IR and QUICKI. Changes in these parameters were calculated (final - initial measurements) for subsequent analyses. Linear regression analyses were performed to investigate associations between genotypes and changes in the analyzed parameters. We found associations between 14 variants in nine genes with anthropometrical and biochemical outcomes. Observing the distribution of the sample, the groups of individuals who responded less in relation to body fat and TG levels concentrated the highest scores of polygenic indexes as a result of a greater number of risk variants. In conclusion, some genotypes related to the inflammatory profile provided less favorable anthropometrical and biochemical outcomes in response to physical exercise programs. tissue obesity cytokines disorders activity hand 2 TLR2, TLR2 TLR (TLR2 TLR4 IL1B ILB IL B IL6 NFKB1 NFKB TNF NFKBIA NLRC4 NLRC CARD NEK7 NEK programs Thus 5 12week week 12 index percentage LDLC, LDLC LDL C, C LDL-C HDLC, HDLC HDL HDL-C triglycerides cholesterol insulin glucose HOMAIR HOMA IR QUICKI final measurements 1 sample conclusion (TLR

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Migrânea é um tipo de cefaleia primária cujo controle se faz principalmente por fármacos para tratamento da crise ou como profilaxia. Os efeitos adversos e o seu alto custo justificam a busca por opções de tratamento não farmacológicas. Existem evidências de que a estimulação elétrica do nervo vago (VNS) é capaz de modular estruturas relacionadas à fisiopatologia da migrânea. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a eficácia da VNS de forma transcutânea (tVNS) no tratamento agudo ou profilático da migrânea com e sem aura. CONTEÜDO: Foi feita uma busca na base de dados Pub-med utilizando todos os descritores para estimulação do nervo vago e migrânea, sem limite temporal e com o filtro “ensaio clínico randomizado” (ECR). Essa estratégia de busca identificou, no final, sete artigos que foram lidos integralmente e submetidos a uma análise de qualidade através da ferramenta do Centro de Medicina Baseada em Evidências de Oxford. Dos sete ECRs encontrados, 4 eram estudos de profilaxia e 3 de tratamento agudo. CONCLUSÃO: Existe algum comprometimento da validade interna de todos os estudos. A profilaxia da migrânea com tVNS não apresentou benefícios relevantes que justifiquem seu uso, principalmente com um protocolo de pouca aderência. O tratamento agudo da migrânea com a tNVS se mostrou eficaz em parte dos pacientes e pode ser uma opção não farmacológica de tratamento. Esses resultados justificam a realização de novos ECRs, de modo que não restem dúvidas sobre a sua validade interna. OBJETIVOS farmacológicas (VNS (tVNS aura CONTEÜDO Pubmed Pub med ensaio randomizado ECR. ECR . (ECR) identificou final Oxford encontrados CONCLUSÃO uso aderência (ECR

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Migraine is a type of primary headache that is controlled mainly by drugs to treat the crisis or as prophylaxis. The side effects and high cost of the medication justify the search for non-pharmacological treatment options. There is evidence that electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve (VNS) is capable of modulating structures related to the pathophysiology of migraine. The objective of this review was to investigate the effectiveness of transcutaneous VNS (tVNS) in the acute or prophylactic treatment of migraine with and without aura. CONTENTS: A search was carried out in the Pubmed database using all descriptors for vagus nerve stimulation and migraine, without time limit and with the filter “randomized clinical trial” (RCT). This search strategy ultimately identified 7 articles that were read in full and subjected to a quality analysis using the Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine tool. Of the 7 RCTs found, 4 were prophylaxis studies and 3 were acute treatment studies. CONCLUSION: There is some compromise in the internal validity of all studies. Migraine prophylaxis with tVNS did not present relevant benefits that justify its use, especially with a protocol with poor adherence. Acute treatment of migraine with tNVS proved to be effective in some patients and may be a non-pharmacological treatment option. These results justify the carrying out of new RCTs where there are no doubts about their internal validity. OBJECTIVES nonpharmacological non pharmacological options (VNS (tVNS aura CONTENTS randomized trial RCT. RCT . (RCT) EvidenceBased Evidence Based tool found CONCLUSION use adherence option (RCT

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar qual equação melhor estima a frequência cardíaca máxima (FCmáx) na população pediátrica conforme a massa corporal. Fontes de dados: Foi realizada uma metanálise (PROSPERO no CRD42020190196) de estudos transversais que visavam validar ou desenvolver equações da FCmáx para crianças e adolescentes. As bases de dados foram Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, PubMed e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. Utilizaram-se os descritores “prediction or equation”, “maximal heart rate”, “maximum heart rate”, “determination of heart rate”, “children” e “adolescents”. A ferramenta TRIPOD Statement foi utilizada para avaliar a qualidade metodológica e os dados relevantes foram extraídos para análise. A metanálise foi conduzida no Comprehensive Meta-Analysis, adotando-se valor de p<0,05 e intervalo de confiança de 95%. Síntese dos dados: Foram selecionados 11 estudos, dos quais três desenvolveram equações preditivas, dez realizaram a validade externa de modelos preexistentes e um a incrementação de valores relacionados com equações já desenvolvidas. Em sua maioria, os estudos foram classificados com qualidade moderada. As equações 164 + (0.270 × FCrep) – (0.155 × massa corporal) + (1.1 × METs) + (0.258 × percentual de gordura) (2017) (r=0,500; p<0,001) e 166.7+ (0.46 × FCrep + (1.16 × maturação) (r=0,540; p<0,001) apresentaram correlações mais fortes com a FCmáx medida em adolescentes não obesos. O modelo de 208 – (0.7 × idade) mostrou a maior precisão entre os modelos possíveis para análise (SDM=-0,183; p=0,554). Não foi encontrada nenhuma equação preditiva específica para adolescentes obesos. Conclusões: Pesquisas futuras devem explorar novas possibilidades de desenvolvimento de equações preditivas para essa população, uma vez que elas são uma ferramenta para controlar a intensidade do exercício na gestão terapêutica da obesidade infantil e do adolescente. Objetivo (FCmáx corporal PROSPERO CRD42020190196 CRD Scopus Direct Saúde Utilizaramse Utilizaram se prediction equation, equation , equation” maximal rate, rate rate” maximum determination children “children adolescents. adolescents . “adolescents” MetaAnalysis, MetaAnalysis Meta Analysis, Analysis Meta-Analysis adotandose adotando p005 p 0 05 p<0,0 95 95% 1 desenvolvidas maioria moderada 16 0.270 0270 270 (0.27 0.155 0155 155 (0.15 1.1 (1. METs 0.258 0258 258 (0.25 gordura 2017 (2017 r=0,500 r0500 r 500 (r=0,500 p<0,001 p0001 001 1667 166 7 166.7 0.46 046 46 (0.4 1.16 116 maturação r=0,540 r0540 540 (r=0,540 obesos 20 0.7 07 (0. idade SDM=0,183 SDM0183 SDM SDM= 0,183 183 (SDM=-0,183 p=0,554. p0554 p=0,554 554 p=0,554) Conclusões adolescente CRD4202019019 “adolescents p00 p<0, 9 0.27 027 27 (0.2 0.15 015 15 (0.1 1. (1 0.25 025 25 201 (201 r=0,50 r050 50 (r=0,50 p<0,00 p000 00 166. 0.4 04 4 r=0,54 r054 54 (r=0,54 2 0. (0 SDM=0,18 SDM018 0183 0,18 18 (SDM=-0,18 p055 p=0,55 55 CRD420201901 p0 p<0 0.2 02 0.1 01 ( (20 r=0,5 r05 5 (r=0,5 SDM=0,1 SDM01 018 0,1 (SDM=-0,1 p05 p=0,5 CRD42020190 p< (2 r=0, r0 (r=0, SDM=0, SDM0 0, (SDM=-0, p=0, CRD4202019 r=0 (r=0 SDM=0 (SDM=-0 p=0 CRD420201 r= (r= (SDM=- p= CRD42020 (r (SDM= CRD4202 (SDM CRD420 CRD42 CRD4

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze which equation best estimates maximal heart rate (HRmax) for the pediatric population according to body mass. Data source: We performed a meta-analysis (PROSPERO No. CRD42020190196) of cross-sectional studies that aimed to validate or develop HRmax equations and that had children and adolescents as samples. The search was conducted in Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, PubMed, and Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde with the descriptors “prediction or equation,” “maximal heart rate,” “maximum heart rate,” “determination of heart rate,” children, and adolescent. The TRIPOD Statement tool was used to assess the methodological quality and the relevant data were extracted for analysis. The meta-analysis was conducted in the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis, adopting p<0.05 and a 95% confidence interval (CI). Data synthesis: In total, 11 studies were selected, of which 3 developed predictive equations, 10 performed external validity of the preexisting models, and 1 incremented values related to equations already developed. The results of the methodological quality analysis showed a moderate rating in most studies. The 164 + (0.270 × HRres) – (0.155 × body mass) + (1.1 × METs) + (0.258 × body fat percent) (r=0.500, 95%CI 0.426–0.567, p<0.001) and 166.7+ (0.46 × HRres) + (1.16 × maturation) (r=0.540, 95%CI 0.313–0.708, p<0.001) equations presented stronger correlations with measured HRmax in nonobese adolescents. The predictive model developed by 208 – (0.7 × age) showed a greater accuracy among the possible models for analysis (SDM=-0.183, 95%CI -0.787 to -0.422, p=0.554). No specific predictive equation was found for obese adolescents. Conclusions: Future research should explore new possibilities for developing predictive equations for this population as a tool to control exercise intensity in the therapeutic management of childhood and adolescent obesity. Objective (HRmax mass source metaanalysis meta PROSPERO CRD42020190196 CRD crosssectional cross sectional samples Scopus Direct PubMed prediction equation, rate, maximum determination MetaAnalysis, MetaAnalysis Meta Analysis, Analysis Meta-Analysis p005 p 0 05 p<0.0 95 CI. CI . (CI) synthesis total selected 16 0.270 0270 270 (0.27 HRres 0.155 0155 155 (0.15 1.1 (1. METs 0.258 0258 258 (0.25 percent r=0.500, r0500 r 500 (r=0.500 95CI 04260567 426 567 0.426–0.567 p<0.001 p0001 001 1667 166 7 166.7 0.46 046 46 (0.4 1.16 116 maturation r=0.540, r0540 540 (r=0.540 03130708 313 708 0.313–0.708 20 0.7 07 (0. age SDM=0.183, SDM0183 SDM SDM= 0.183, 183 (SDM=-0.183 0.787 0787 787 -0.78 0.422, 0422 422 -0.422 p=0.554. p0554 p=0.554 554 p=0.554) Conclusions obesity CRD4202019019 p00 p<0. 9 (CI 0.27 027 27 (0.2 0.15 015 15 (0.1 1. (1 0.25 025 25 r=0.500 r050 50 (r=0.50 0426056 42 56 0.426–0.56 p<0.00 p000 00 166. 0.4 04 4 r=0.540 r054 54 (r=0.54 0313070 31 70 0.313–0.70 2 0. (0 SDM=0.183 SDM018 0183 0.183 18 (SDM=-0.18 0.78 078 78 -0.7 0.422 042 -0.42 p055 p=0.55 55 CRD420201901 p0 p<0 0.2 02 0.1 01 ( r=0.50 r05 5 (r=0.5 042605 0.426–0.5 r=0.54 031307 0.313–0.7 SDM=0.18 SDM01 018 0.18 (SDM=-0.1 -0. 0.42 -0.4 p05 p=0.5 CRD42020190 p< r=0.5 r0 (r=0. 04260 0.426–0. 03130 0.313–0. SDM=0.1 SDM0 (SDM=-0. -0 p=0. CRD4202019 r=0. (r=0 0426 0.426–0 0313 0.313–0 SDM=0. (SDM=-0 - p=0 CRD420201 r=0 (r= 0.426– 031 0.313– SDM=0 (SDM=- p= CRD42020 r= (r 0.426 03 0.313 (SDM= CRD4202 0.31 (SDM CRD420 0.3 CRD42 CRD4

resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver e validar os primeiros modelos matemáticos, baseados em propriedades antropométricas, para estimar a massa gorda (MG) em uma amostra heterogênea de adolescentes do sexo feminino. Estudo transversal e quantitativo conduzido com 196 indivíduos de 12 a 17 anos da região metropolitana de Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil. Os participantes foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: amostra de regressão (n = 169) e amostra de validação (n = 27). A absorciometria de raios X de dupla energia (DXA) foi usada como método de referência para determinar a gordura corporal em valores relativos e absolutos. A estatura, a massa corporal, o perímetro da cintura e a espessura das dobras cutâneas do tríceps, subescapular, bíceps, crista ilíaca, abdominal, coxa anterior e panturrilha medial foram definidas como variáveis independentes e mensuradas de acordo com um protocolo técnico internacional. As análises estatísticas utilizaram modelo de regressão Ordinary Least Square (OLS), teste t pareado e correlação de Pearson. Foram desenvolvidos quatro modelos matemáticos multivariados com altos coeficientes de determinação (R2 ≥90%) e baixos erros padrão estimados (SEE = ≤2,02 kg). O modelo 4 destaca-se pelo baixo número de variáveis independentes e desempenho estatístico significativo (R2 = 90%; SEE = 1,92 kg). Conclui-se que os quatro modelos matemáticos desenvolvidos são válidos para estimar a MG em adolescentes do sexo feminino do sul do Brasil antropométricas (MG 19 1 Curitiba Paraná grupos n 169 27. 27 . 27) DXA (DXA absolutos estatura tríceps subescapular bíceps ilíaca abdominal internacional OLS, OLS , (OLS) Pearson R2 R (R ≥90% 90 202 2 02 ≤2,0 kg. kg kg) destacase destaca se 90% 192 92 1,9 Concluise Conclui 16 (OLS ≥90 9 20 0 ≤2, 1, ≥9 ≤2 ≥ ≤

abstract This study aimed to develop and validate the first mathematical models, based on anthropometric properties, to estimate fat mass (FM) in a heterogeneous sample of female adolescents. A cross-sectional and quantitative study conducted with 196 individuals aged 12 to 17 years from the metropolitan region of Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. The participants were randomly divided into two groups: regression sample (n = 169) and validation sample (n = 27). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used as the reference method to determine body fat in relative and absolute values. Stature, body mass, waist girth and triceps, subscapular, biceps, iliac crest, abdominal, front thigh and medial calf skinfold thickness were defined as independent variables and measured according to an international technical protocol. Statistical analyzes used the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression model, paired t test and Pearson correlation. Four multivariate mathematical models with high determination coefficients (R2 ≥90%) and low estimated standard errors (SEE = ≤2.02 kg) were developed. Model 4 stands out for its low number of independent variables and significant statistical performance (R2 = 90%; SEE = 1.92 kg). It is concluded that the four mathematical models developed are valid for estimating FM in female adolescents in southern Brazil. properties (FM crosssectional cross sectional 19 1 Curitiba Paraná Brazil groups n 169 27. 27 . 27) Dualenergy Dual energy Xray X ray DXA (DXA values Stature triceps subscapular biceps crest abdominal protocol OLS (OLS model correlation R2 R (R ≥90% 90 202 2 02 ≤2.0 kg 90% 192 92 1.9 kg. 16 ≥90 9 20 0 ≤2. 1. ≥9 ≤2 ≥ ≤

ABSTRACT Resistance training has shown the potential to contribute to better glycemic control in people with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), however, there are contradictory results in this regard and a need to clarify the effects of isolated resistance training on glycemic control in T1D. The aim was to verify the effects of resistance training on the glycemic control of people with T1D. Original articles were selected, randomized and non-randomized clinical trials that aimed to verify chronic responses, through the concentrations of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), to a structured program of resistance exercise in the glycemia of patients with T1D. The following databases were searched; MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, LILACS, and SciELO. Five studies were included in the review. A reduction in HbA1c was observed (SMD = -0.568 ± 0.165 [95% CI = -0.891 to -0.246]; p = 0.001; I² = 82%) in patients undergoing resistance training, when compared to the control group (SMD = 1.006 ± 0.181 [95% CI = 0.653 to 1.360]; p <0.001). Two studies, with children and adolescents and longer interventions, demonstrated a significant reduction in HbA1c, increased strength, and an improved lipid profile. Resistance training was efficient for assisting in glycemic control in people with T1D and should be incorporated in treatment plans.

RESUMO Introdução: A prevalência da obesidade infantil tem aumentado e está associada ao desenvolvimento de diversas doenças crônicas. O treinamento contínuo de intensidade moderada é recomendado como o principal método de exercício para o tratamento da obesidade. No entanto, em indivíduos com sobrepeso e obesos, os modelos de treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade têm potencial para redução de gordura semelhante ou maior do que o treinamento contínuo de intensidade moderada. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar o efeito de 12 semanas de treinamento contínuo de intensidade moderada e o treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade sobre parâmetros cardiometabólicos, composição corporal e aptidão cardiorrespiratória em adolescentes obesos do sexo masculino. Métodos: Foram incluídos 56 meninos obesos, com idades entre 10 e 16 anos. Foram avaliadas medidas antropométricas, pressão arterial, composição corporal, consumo de oxigênio, glicose, insulina e perfil lipídico. Os participantes foram designados a grupos de treinamento contínuo de intensidade moderada (n = 20), treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade (n = 20) e controle (n = 16). As sessões consistiram em 90 minutos de exercícios de ciclismo/caminhada e as sessões de treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade consistiram em 15 minutos de aquecimento, 15 a 18 minutos de exercícios intervalados e 15 minutos de relaxamento, ambos realizados três vezes por semana. Foi utilizada uma análise fatorial de variância (ANOVA) de modelo misto de duas vias com medidas repetidas. Resultados: No grupo treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade houve aumento do consumo relativo e absoluto de oxigênio e redução da pressão arterial diastólica. No entanto, o grupo de grupo de treinamento contínuo de intensidade moderada teve aumento do consumo relativo de oxigênio e lipoproteína de alta densidade, além de redução das medidas antropométricas, massa gorda e triglicerídeos. Conclusões: O treinamento contínuo de intensidade moderada pode ser um protocolo melhor para redução de massa gorda, medidas antropométricas e melhora do perfil lipídico, enquanto o treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade pode ser mais eficaz para melhorar a pressão arterial em meninos obesos. Ambos os exercícios melhoram a aptidão cardiorrespiratória. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos – Investigação dos resultados do tratamento

ABSTRACT Introduction: The prevalence of childhood obesity has increased and is associated with the development of several chronic diseases. Moderate-intensity continuous training is recommended as the main exercise method for treating obesity. However, in overweight and obese individuals, high-intensity interval training models have similar or greater fat reduction potential than moderate-intensity continuous training. Objective: This study aimed to compare the effects of 12 weeks of moderate-intensity continuous training and high-intensity interval training on cardiometabolic parameters, body composition, and cardiorespiratory fitness in obese adolescent boys. Methods: Fifty-six obese boys, aged 10-16 years old, were included. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, body composition, oxygen consumption, glucose, insulin, and the lipid profile were assessed. Participants were assigned to moderate-intensity continuous training (n=20), high-intensity interval training (n=20), and control (n=16) groups. The moderate-intensity continuous training sessions consisted of 90 minutes of cycling/walking exercises and the high-intensity interval training sessions consisted of 15 minutes of warm-up, 15-18 minutes of interval exercises, and 15 minutes of cool-down. Both were performed three times a week. A two-way mixed-model factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures was used. Results: In the high-intensity interval training group, there was an increase in relative and absolute oxygen consumption and a reduction in diastolic blood pressure. However, in the moderate-intensity continuous training group, there were increases in relative oxygen consumption and high-density lipoproteins, as well as reductions in anthropometric measurements, fat mass, and triglycerides. Conclusion: Moderate-intensity continuous training may be a better protocol for the reduction of fat mass, anthropometric measurements, and improvement of the lipid profile, while high-intensity interval training may be more effective in improving blood pressure among obese boys. Both exercises improve cardiorespiratory fitness. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMEN Introducción: La prevalencia de la obesidad en la infancia ha aumentado y está asociada al desarrollo de diversas enfermedades crónicas. Se recomienda el entrenamiento continuo de intensidad moderada como principal método de ejercicio para tratar la obesidad. Sin embargo, los modelos de entrenamiento de intervalos de alta intensidad tienen un potencial similar o mayor que el entrenamiento continuo de intensidad moderada para reducir la grasa en personas con sobrepeso y obesidad. Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar el efecto de 12 semanas de entrenamiento continuo de intensidad moderada y de entrenamiento de intervalos de alta intensidad sobre parámetros cardiometabólicos, composición corporal y condición cardiorrespiratoria en adolescentes varones con obesidad. Métodos: Se incluyeron 56 niños obesos, de 10 a 16 años. Se evaluaron las medidas antropométricas, presión arterial, composición corporal, consumo de oxígeno, glucosa, insulina y perfil lipídico. Los participantes se dividieron en: grupos de entrenamiento continuo de intensidad moderada (n = 20), entrenamiento de intervalos de alta intensidad (n = 20) y grupo de control (n = 16). Las sesiones consistieron en 90 minutos de ejercicios de ciclismo / caminata y las sesiones de entrenamiento de intervalos de alta intensidad consistieron en 15 minutos de calentamiento, 15 a 18 minutos de ejercicio de intervalos y 15 minutos de relajación, ambos realizados tres veces por semana. Se utilizó un análisis de varianza de modelo mixto bidireccional (ANOVA) con medidas repetidas. Resultados: En el grupo de entrenamiento de intervalos de alta intensidad se produjo un aumento del consumo de oxígeno relativo y absoluto, así como la reducción de la presión arterial diastólica. Sin embargo, el grupo de entrenamiento continuo de intensidad moderada presentó un aumento del consumo relativo de oxígeno y lipoproteínas de alta densidad, además de promover una reducción en las medidas antropométricas, la masa grasa y los triglicéridos. Conclusiones: El entrenamiento continuo de intensidad moderada puede ser un mejor protocolo para reducir la masa grasa, las medidas antropométricas y mejorar el perfil lipídico, mientras que el entrenamiento de intervalos de alta intensidad puede ser más efectivo para mejorar la presión arterial en niños obesos. Ambos ejercicios mejoran la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos: investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Abstract Background: A family history of arterial hypertension (AH), combined with environmental risk factors, is directly related to the development of AH. Objectives: To evaluate the frequency of AH, anthropometric indicators and level of physical activity and their association with a family history (FH) of AH in school children. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 118 students, aged between 11 and 17 years, of both sexes. Waist circumference (WC), weight, height, level of physical activity and FH of HA were collected. Body mass index z score (BMI-z) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were calculated. Binary logistic regression model was used to verify the chance risk, with significance p <0.05. Results: Of the 118 parents who answered the questionnaire, 34.7% had a positive FH of AH. Girls with a positive FH had higher means of WC (p= 0,004), BMI (p=0,020), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p=0,006) than boys, and a higher risk of being overweight (OR=4,48; 95%CI:1,55–12,94), and having elevated WHtR (OR=5.98; 95%CI:1.66– 21.47) and SBP (OR=3,07; 95%CI:1,03–9,13) than girls without a FH, but they practice more vigorours moderate physical activity (MVPA) (p=0,039). On the other hand, no differences in these parameters were observed between boys with and without a FM of AH. Conclusion: Overweight and a FH of hypertension were associated with an increased risk for AH in girls. This was not observed among boys, perhaps due to more active lifestyle.

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the rate of change during exercise and during recovery in moderate-continuous exercise (MCE) and high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Subjects and methods: Participants performed 2 sessions of exercise: thirty minutes of continuous activity on a cycle ergometer (60% of VO2max) and thirty minutes (60% VO2max) interspersed with five bouts of maximum intensity lasting ten seconds every five minutes. Capillary blood glucose was measured before and after each test. The glucose rate of change in exercise (RoCE) was calculated (final blood glucose – onset blood glucose/exercise time), and the glucose rate of change in recovery (RoCR) (blood glucose 30 minutes after exercise – end of exercise blood glucose/recovery time). Results: The study included thirty-one participants (aged 13 ± 1.88 years). A lower blood glucose reduction was observed in the HIIE group, as well as better recovery values before, after, and thirty minutes after the test, respectively (333.14 ± 69.53, 226.19 ± 68.05 and 201.77 ± 66.84 versus 211.36 ± 91.03, 155.98 ± 82,68 and 165.76 ± 72.94). Covariance analyses showed a significant difference in glycemic variation between continuous and intermittent protocols immediately after exercise (−2.90 versus −2.08) and during the recovery period (−0.677 versus −0.389). Conclusions: HIIE led to a lower glucose reduction rate per minute during exercise and better recovery in the first 30 minutes after exercise compared to MCE in children and adolescents with T1D.

Resumo Objetivo Revisar sistematicamente a literatura sobre os instrumentos utilizados para avaliar a sonolência diurna excessiva (SDE) em crianças e adolescentes brasileiros. Fontes de dados Revisão sistemática da literatura por meio das bases de dados eletrônicas Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System (MEDLINE), via PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Biblioteca Eletrônica Científica Online (SciELO) e SPORTDiscus, sem limite temporal para as buscas. Os critérios de elegibilidade considerados foram estudos em inglês e português, artigos originais que utilizaram questionários para a avaliação da SDE e com amostra de crianças e/ou adolescentes brasileiros. Nas estratégias de busca, os seguintes termos foram combinados por meio dos operadores booleanos “OR” e/ou “AND”: drowsiness, disorders of excessive somnolence, excessive daytime sleepiness, day sleepiness, midday sleepiness, daytime sleepiness, adolescents, Brazil, Brazilian adolescents e children. Síntese dos dados Foram selecionados 16 artigos, nos quais se identificaram nove instrumentos distintos aplicados em 8.240 crianças e adolescentes das regiões Sul, Sudeste, Centro-Oeste e Nordeste do Brasil. A média da qualidade metodológica dos estudos foi de 16,1±1,9 pontos. Os instrumentos utilizados com maior frequência foram o Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS) e o Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS), porém somente o questionário PDSS apresentou valores de confiabilidade adequados para avaliar a SDE em crianças e adolescentes brasileiros. Conclusões Atualmente, o PDSS foi o único instrumento que exibiu valores de confiabilidade para avaliar a SDE em crianças e adolescentes brasileiros. Sugere-se que pesquisas futuras relacionadas à SDE em crianças e adolescentes façam a validação no Brasil de outros instrumentos e apresentem os valores de consistência interna.

Abstract Objective: To systematically review the literature on the instruments used to assess excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in Brazilian children and adolescents. Data source: A systematic review of the literature was performed in the databases MEDLINE PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, Scielo and SPORTDiscus, with no time limit for searches. The eligibility criteria were studies published in English and Portuguese, original articles that used questionnaires to assess EDS and whose sample consisted of Brazilian children and/or adolescents. As search strategy, the following terms were combined with Boolean operators “OR” and/or “AND”: drowsiness, disorders of excessive somnolence, excessive daytime sleepiness, day sleepiness, midday sleepiness, daytime sleepiness, adolescents, Brazil, Brazilian adolescents, and children. Data synthesis: Sixteen articles were selected, in which nine different instruments were applied to 8.240 children and adolescents from the South, Southeast, Midwest and Northeast regions of Brazil. The mean of methodological quality of studies was 16.1±1.9 points. The instruments most frequently used were the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS) and Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS), but only PDSS was shown reliable to assess EDS in Brazilian children and adolescents. Conclusions: The PDSS was the only instrument considered reliable to assess EDS in Brazilian children and adolescents. Further research on EDS in children and adolescents are suggested to perform the validation of other instruments for Brazil and present internal consistency values.

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between body adiposity and physical fitness with performance in the Supine-to-Stand test (STS-test) in sedentary adolescents. Methods: Sixty-two adolescents, of both sexes, between 10 and 16 years old, participated in the study. Body mass (BM), height, waist circumference (WC), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), right and left handgrip strength (HGS-right, HGS-left), abdominal resistance (ABDO), flexibility (FLEX), and cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak) were measured. Body mass index (BMI), z-score BMI (BMI-z), tri-ponderal mass index (TMI) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were calculated. The STS-test was applied to evaluate the STS-MC by the movement patterns in the execution of the test. The STS-time in seconds (s) was categorized into terciles: fast (FG < 2.0 s), intermediate (IG = 2.0-2.6 s) and slow (SG > 2.6 s). One-way ANOVA, Chi-square, Spearman’s correlation coefficient as well as non-parametric tests were used, with significance p 0.05. Results: The SG presented higher BMI, BMI-z, TMI, WHtR, FM, %FM, as well as lower averages for %FFM, HGS-right, HGS-left, FLEX, ABDO, VO2peak, VO2peak relative to BM (VO2peakBM) in relation to GF. The BMI, BMI-z, TMI, WC, WHtR and FM showed moderate and direct correlations with STS-time and inverse with STS-MC (p < 0.01). HGS-right, HGS-left, ABDO, and VO2peakBM showed moderate and an inverse correlation with STS-time (p < 0.05). The VO2peakBM was moderate and with direct correlations to STS-MC (p < 0.01). Conclusion: It is concluded that excess fat and low physical fitness hamper STS-test performance. Therefore, the STS-test can be used for screening students to assess MC.

RESUMO Introdução O isolamento social é uma das estratégias de prevenção do contágio e transmissão do coronavírus (COVID-19), porém tem impacto na rotina diária e no estilo de vida da população. Objetivo Assim sendo, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar atividade física, sono e hábitos alimentares de adultos e idosos durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos Estudo transversal com amostra de 135 participantes divididos por faixa etária. No início, todo o grupo foi dividido em grupos etários com corte de 10 anos. A seguir, foram caracterizados por sexo, tipo de residência, hábitos alimentares, sono e atividade física. Para a segunda análise, os participantes foram organizados em três grupos: adultos jovens (18 a 40 anos), adultos de meia-idade (41 a 60 anos) e idosos (> 60 anos). Um questionário online foi enviado a todos os participantes, com 26 questões concentradas em hábitos alimentares, sono, comportamentos de proteção contra a COVID-19 e atividade física foi enviado a todos os participantes. Resultados Os participantes eram principalmente mulheres (85,9%), estudantes universitários (71,1%), familiares dos alunos (17,1%), professores e funcionários (11,8%). Do total dos participantes, 40% eram dedicados às atividades domésticas e 21,1% começaram a trabalhar em casa. O restante (38,9%) exercia atividades como estudar ou cuidar de dependentes. A faixa etária mais jovem (18 a 40 anos) relatou passar mais tempo em atividades sedentárias durante o dia, e 34,2% não praticavam atividade física e consumiam alimentos com menor teor nutritivo durante o isolamento social (p < 0,01). Todos os grupos, com exceção da faixa etária de 30 a 40 anos (p < 0,01), destacaram a importância da presença de um professor responsável por orientar as atividades físicas durante o isolamento. Conclusão Concluímos que o isolamento social tem impacto mais negativo nos hábitos do grupo mais jovem. Estudo transversal.

ABSTRACT Introduction Social isolation is one of the strategies used to prevent the contagion and transmission of the coronavirus (COVID-19), but it impacts on the daily routines and lifestyle of the population. Objective Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the physical activity, sleep and eating habits of adults and the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method A cross-sectional study with a sample comprising 135 participants, divided by age group. First, the whole group was divided into age groups with a 10-year cut-off. They were then characterized by sex, type of home, eating habits, sleep, and physical activity. For the second analysis, the participants were organized into three groups: young adults (18-40 years), middle-aged adults (41-60 years) and elderly (>60 years). An online questionnaire was sent to all the participants, with 26 questions focusing on eating habits, sleep, protective behaviors against COVID-19, and physical activity. Results The participants were mainly women (85.9%), external community (71.1%), students’ families (17.1%), teachers and staff (11.8%). Of the total participants, 40% were dedicated to home care activities and 21.1% had started working from home. The remainder (38.9%) were engaged in activities such as studying or caring for dependents. The younger age group (18-40 years old) reported spending more time in sedentary activities during the day, and 34.2% did not perform physical activity and ate lower quality food during social isolation (p<0.01). All groups, with the exception of the 30-40 age group (p <0.01) highlighted the importance of having the presence of a teacher responsible for guiding physical activities during isolation. Conclusion We conclude that, social isolation has more negative impact on the habits of the younger group. Cross-sectional study.

RESUMEN Introducción El aislamiento social es una de las estrategias de prevención del contagio y transmisión del coronavirus (COVID-19), aunque tiene un impacto en la rutina diaria y el estilo de vida de la población. Objetivo Siendo así, el objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la actividad física, el sueño y los hábitos alimentarios de adultos y personas de la tercera edad durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos Estudio transversal con muestra de 135 participantes divididos por grupo de edad. Al inicio, todo el grupo fue dividido en grupos de edad con corte de 10 años. A continuación, fueron caracterizados por sexo, tipo de residencia, hábitos alimentarios, sueño y actividad física. Para el segundo análisis, los participantes fueron organizados en tres grupos: adultos jóvenes (18 a 40 años), adultos de mediana edad (41 a 60 años) y personas de la tercera edad (> 60 años). Fue enviado un cuestionario en línea a todos los participantes con 26 cuestiones concentradas en hábitos alimentarios, sueño, comportamientos de protección contra la COVID-19 y actividad física. Resultados Los participantes eran principalmente mujeres (85,9%), estudiantes universitarios (71,1%), familiares de los alumnos (17,1%), profesores y funcionarios (11,8%). Del total de los participantes, 40% se dedicaba a actividades domésticas y 21,1% comenzó a trabajar en casa. El resto (38,9%) ejercía actividades como estudiar o cuidar a dependientes. El grupo de edad más joven (18 a 40 años) relató pasar más tiempo en actividades sedentarias durante el día, y 34,2% no practicaba actividad física y consumía alimentos con menor tenor nutritivo durante el aislamiento social (p <0,01). Todos los grupos, con excepción del grupo de edad de 30 a 40 años (p < 0,01) destacaron la importancia de la presencia de un profesor responsable por orientar las actividades físicas durante el aislamiento. Conclusión Concluimos que el aislamiento social tiene impacto más negativo en los hábitos del grupo más joven. Estudio transversal.

RESUMO A saúde de adolescentes brasileiros tem sido comprometida pelo aumento da prevalência da obesidade. A prática de exercício físico regular e modificações no estilo de vida são ações recomendadas como prevenção e tratamento. No entanto, não há consenso quanto à dose resposta dos programas de exercícios. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a efetividade de um programa de treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade no ambiente aquático (HIITAQ) na aptidão física e fatores de risco cardiometabólicos em adolescentes obesos. A amostra foi composta por 18 adolescentes de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 12 e 17 anos, com diagnóstico de obesidade. Foram avaliadas, variáveis antropométricas, aptidão física, glicemia e perfil lipídico, antes e após 12 semanas de treinamento. O programa foi composto por duas séries de 4 a 8 repetições com 30 segundos de duração (80-95% da frequência cardíaca máxima) por 60 segundos de recuperação ativa. Após o programa de exercícios verificou-se redução do índice de massa corporal escore z IMCz (p< 0,01), do Colesterol Total (p< 0,01) e LDL-c (p< 0,01). Houve aumento da taxa metabólica basal (p< 0,01) e do VO2 pico (p< 0,01). Não foram observadas diferenças após o treinamento no percentual de gordura, índice de massa corporal, IMC, relação cintura/estatura RCEst, glicemia em jejum, insulina e HDL-c (p>0,05). O programa de treinamento de alta intensidade no meio aquático foi efetivo na redução de fatores de risco cardiometabólicos.

ABSTRACT The increased prevalence of obesity has endangered the health of Brazilian adolescents. Regular physical activity and lifestyle changes are recommended as prevention and treatment. However, there is no consensus on the dose-response of training programs. This study aimed at assessing the effectiveness of a high-intensity interval training program in aquatic environment (HIITAQ) on physical fitness and cardiometabolic risk factors in obese teenagers. The sample consisted of 18 adolescents of both sexes, aged 12 to 17 years, diagnosed with obesity. Anthropometric variables, physical fitness, blood glucose, and lipid profile were evaluated before and after 12 weeks of training. The program consisted of two sets of 4-8 repetitions for 30 seconds (85%-95% of maximal heart rate) and 60 seconds of active rest interval. After applying the program, a reduction in body mass index was seen, that is, BMI z-score (p <0.01), as well as a reduction of Total Cholesterol, TC (p <0.01), and LDL (p <0.01). There was an increase in basal metabolic rate (p <0.01) and peak VO2 (p <0.01). No differences were seen after the training with regard to fat percentage, body mass index (BMI) waist/height ratio (WHtR), fasting blood glucose, insulin, and HDL-c (p>0.05). The high-intensity training program in aquatic environment was effective in reducing cardiometabolic risk factors.

Resumo Fundamento Aumento da prevalência de hipertensão arterial (HA) em crianças e adolescentes e sua associação com diversas comorbidades. Objetivo Verificar a associação de HA, obesidade central e obesidade geral, e nível de atividade física em escolares. Métodos Participaram do estudo 336 crianças e adolescentes, de 11 a 17 anos de idade. Aferiram-se estatura, peso corporal, circunferência da cintura (CC) e pressão arterial (PA). Foi calculado o índice de massa corporal escore z (IMC-z). O nível de atividade física foi avaliado pela versão curta do International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), conforme a prática em atividades físicas moderadas-vigorosas (AF-mv). Consideraram-se hipertensos os escolares que apresentaram pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e/ou diastólica (PAD) superiores ao percentil 95, de acordo com sexo, faixa etária e estatura, ou ≥120×80mmHg. Utilizaram-se os testes estatísticos de t-Student , Qui-quadrado, Mann-Whitney e modelo de regressão logistica binária, considerando-se o nível de significância de p<0,05. Resultados Foram observados que 40,5% dos escolares apresentaram HA, 35,11% excesso de peso (12,5% obesos), 13,39% CC elevada e 40,2% foram considerados insuficientemente ativos em AF-mv. As chances de HA foram relacionadas à CC elevada (OR=6,11; IC95%:2,59 a 14,42) e ao excesso de peso (OR=2,91; IC95%:1,76 a 4,79). Além disso, os adolescentes que praticavam AF-mv apresentaram menor risco de PAD elevada (OR=0,33; IC95%:0,15 a 0,72). Conclusão Concluiu-se que a obesidade central, a obesidade geral e o sexo masculino foram os melhores preditores de HA em crianças e adolescentes. A prática de AF-mv demonstrou efeito protetor na PAD elevada em escolares. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(1):42-49)

Abstract Background The proportion of arterial hypertension (AH) has increased in children and adolescents and is associated with several comorbidities. Objective To verify the association of arterial hypertension with central and general obesity as well as according to the level of physical activity in schoolchildren. Methods 336 children and adolescents aged 11 to 17 participated in the study. Height, body weight, waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure (BP) were measured. The body mass index z-score (BMI-z) was calculated. The level of physical activity was assessed by the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) according to the practice of moderate-to-vigorous physical activities (AF-mv). Students with systolic (SBP) and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) higher than the 95thpercentile according to sex, age and height or ≥120/80 were considered hypertensive. Statistical tests of t-Student, Chi-square, Mann-Whitney and binary logistic regression model were used, considering the significance level of p<0.05. Results It was found that 40.5% of the students had AH, 35.11% were overweight (12.5% obese), 13.39% had high WC and 40.2% were considered insufficiently active in AF-mv. The chances of AH were related to high WC (OR = 6.11; 95% CI: 2.59¬–14.42) and overweight (OR = 2.91; 95% CI: 1.76–4.79). In addition, adolescents who practiced AF-mv had a lower risk of high DBP (OR = 0.33; 95% CI: 0.15–0.72). Conclusion Central obesity was the best predictor of AH in children and adolescents, as well as general obesity and males. The practice of AF-mv demonstrated a protective effect on high DBP in schoolchildren. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(1):42-49)

ABSTRACT Objective To identify the level of physical activity and glycemic variability of adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus and to compare glycemic variability on days with different amounts of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Subjects and methods A sample of 34 subjects aged 10 to 15 years, 18 (52.94%) female; age: 13.04 ± 1.94; HbA1c: 9.76 ± 1.51. Physical activity was measured by wGT3X accelerometer. The glucose data were obtained using continuous glucose monitoring, and the following glycemic variability measures were calculated: standard deviation (SD), low blood glucose index (LBGI), high blood glucose index (HBGI), mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE), glycemic risk assessment in diabetes equation (GRADE) and coefficient of variation (CV). The most and least active days (the days with greater and lesser time dedicated to physical activities of moderate to vigorous intensity, respectively) were identified. In addition, based on the whole period of accelerometer use, daily means of time spent in MVPA were identified among participants, who were then divided into three groups: up to 100 minutes; from 101 to 200 minutes and above 201 minutes. Then, the measures of glycemic variability were compared among the most and least active days and among the groups too. Results The amount of MVPA was significantly different between the days evaluated (237.49 ± 93.29 vs. 125.21 ± 58.10 minutes), but glycemic variability measures did not present a significant difference. Conclusion Despite the significant differences in the amount of MVPA between the two days evaluated, the glycemic variability did not change significantly. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2020;64(3):312-8