Resumen El impacto de la intervención Módulo Ambientes Seguros contra los accidentes domésticos que sufren niños durante la primera infancia fue evaluado a través de visitas domiciliarias en las cuales se valoró el nivel de riesgo de accidentes domésticos y la calidad del contexto inmediato de desarrollo temprano de los niños, antes y después de la intervención, en dos grupos. Se conformó un grupo intervención de 29 cuidadoras y un grupo control de 18 participantes que fueron seleccionadas según su disponibilidad para ser visitadas en sus hogares y para participar en la intervención. Los resultados mostraron que la intervención mejoró la calidad del contexto inmediato del desarrollo temprano de los niños en su dimensión interacción, y disminuyó la conducta de dejar solos a los niños en casa. Al finalizar, las participantes manifestaron un alto grado de satisfacción con la intervención Módulo Ambientes Seguros.

The Safe Environment Intervention Module for the prevention of domestic accidents in early childhood was assessed using home visits to test its effects on the level of risk of domestic accidents, as well as the quality of the immediate context of early child development. The intervention was developed in four sessions in which 29 caregivers participated. They self-reported their satisfaction at the end of the intervention. A control group with 18 caregivers was formed according to their availability. The results showed that the intervention improves the quality of the immediate context of early child development in their interactive dimensions, and reduces the behaviour of leaving children alone at home. Participants were highly satisfied with the Safe Environment Intervention Module.

Objetivo: Descrever a adaptação transcultural da Escala Spence de Ansiedade Infantil (Spence Children's Anxiety Scale, SCAS) para uso no Brasil. Método: O processo de adaptação transcultural seguiu um processo de quatro etapas baseado em literatura especializada: 1) investigação da equivalência conceitual e dos itens; 2) tradução e retrotradução; 3) pré-teste; e 4) investigação da equivalência operacional. Todos os procedimentos foram realizados tanto para a versão da criança quanto para a versão dos pais da SCAS. Resultados: Uma versão final brasileira do instrumento, denominada SCAS-Brasil, foi obtida e é apresentada. Conclusão: A SCAS-Brasil se mostra muito similar à versão original da SCAS no que diz respeito à equivalência conceitual e dos itens, semântica e equivalência operacional, sugerindo que futuros estudos transculturais poderiam se beneficiar desta primeira versão. Como resultado, um novo instrumento está agora disponível para a avaliação de sintomas de ansiedade na infância, em contextos comunitário, clínico e de pesquisa.

Objective: To describe the cross-cultural adaptation of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS) for use in Brazil. Methods: Cross-cultural adaptation followed a four-step process, based on specialized literature: 1) investigation of conceptual and item equivalence; 2) translation and back-translation; 3) pretest; and 4) investigation of operational equivalence. All these procedures were carried out for both the child and the parent versions of the SCAS. Results: A final Brazilian version of the instrument, named SCAS-Brasil, was defined and is presented. Conclusion: The SCAS-Brasil instrument seems to be very similar to the original SCAS in terms of conceptual and item equivalence, semantics, and operational equivalence, suggesting that future cross-cultural studies may benefit from this early version. As a result, a new instrument is now available for the assessment of childhood anxiety symptoms in community, clinical, and research settings.

O objetivo do estudo foi verificar fatores associados ao uso frequente e pesado de drogas entre adolescentes em situação de rua no Brasil. Estudo transversal com amostra representativa nacional de 2.807 crianças e adolescentes (10-18 anos). Foi usado um questionário da Organização Mundial da Saúde adaptado para o Brasil e análise dos dados, modelo de regressão logística. Fatores inversamente associados ao uso frequente e pesado de drogas: faixa etária entre 9-11 anos (OR = 0,1); frequentar escola (OR = 0,3); permanecer entre 1 e 5 horas na rua (OR = 0,3 e 0,4); não dormir na rua (OR = 0,4); estar na rua há menos de um ano (OR = 0,4); manter algum vínculo familiar (OR = 0,5); permanecer na rua com algum membro da família (OR = 0,6); não ter sofrido violência doméstica (OR = 0,6); gênero feminino (OR = 0,8). Todas essas variáveis apresentaram p < 0,05. Os achados sugerem que ser mais jovem, ficar menos tempo na rua e manter vínculos com escola e família são importantes fatores de proteção para essa população quanto ao uso frequente e pesado de drogas. Esses são fatores importantes na formulação de políticas públicas para essa população.

The aim of this study was to investigate factors associated to frequent and heavy drug use among street children and adolescents aged 10 to 18 years. A sample of 2,807 street children and adolescents from the 27 Brazilian state capital cities was analyzed. A World Health Organization questionnaire for non-students was adapted for use in Brazil. Data analysis was performed using logistic regression and decision tree models. Factors inversely associated with frequent and heavy drug use were: being age nine to 11 years (OR = 0.1); school attendance (OR = 0.3); daily time (one to five hours) spent on the streets (OR = 0.3 and 0.4); not sleeping on the streets (OR = 0.4); being on the streets for less than one year (OR = 0.4); maintenance of some family bonds (OR = 0.5); presence on the streets of a family member (OR = 0.6); not suffering domestic violence (OR = 0.6); being female (OR = 0.8). All of these variables were significant at the p < 0.05 level. The findings suggest that being younger, having family bonds and engagement in school are important protective factors that affect drug use among this population and should be considered in the formulation of public policies.

O objetivo do estudo foi verificar fatores associados ao uso frequente e pesado de drogas entre adolescentes em situação de rua no Brasil. Estudo transversal com amostra representativa nacional de 2.807 crianças e adolescentes (10-18 anos). Foi usado um questionário da Organização Mundial da Saúde adaptado para o Brasil e análise dos dados, modelo de regressão logística. Fatores inversamente associados ao uso frequente e pesado de drogas: faixa etária entre 9-11 anos (OR = 0,1); frequentar escola (OR = 0,3); permanecer entre 1 e 5 horas na rua (OR = 0,3 e 0,4); não dormir na rua (OR = 0,4); estar na rua há menos de um ano (OR = 0,4); manter algum vínculo familiar (OR = 0,5); permanecer na rua com algum membro da família (OR = 0,6); não ter sofrido violência doméstica (OR = 0,6); gênero feminino (OR = 0,8). Todas essas variáveis apresentaram p < 0,05. Os achados sugerem que ser mais jovem, ficar menos tempo na rua e manter vínculos com escola e família são importantes fatores de proteção para essa população quanto ao uso frequente e pesado de drogas. Esses são fatores importantes na formulação de políticas públicas para essa população.

The aim of this study was to investigate factors associated to frequent and heavy drug use among street children and adolescents aged 10 to 18 years. A sample of 2,807 street children and adolescents from the 27 Brazilian state capital cities was analyzed. A World Health Organization questionnaire for non-students was adapted for use in Brazil. Data analysis was performed using logistic regression and decision tree models. Factors inversely associated with frequent and heavy drug use were: being age nine to 11 years (OR = 0.1); school attendance (OR = 0.3); daily time (one to five hours) spent on the streets (OR = 0.3 and 0.4); not sleeping on the streets (OR = 0.4); being on the streets for less than one year (OR = 0.4); maintenance of some family bonds (OR = 0.5); presence on the streets of a family member (OR = 0.6); not suffering domestic violence (OR = 0.6); being female (OR = 0.8). All of these variables were significant at the p < 0.05 level. The findings suggest that being younger, having family bonds and engagement in school are important protective factors that affect drug use among this population and should be considered in the formulation of public policies.

This study aimed at investigating differences in the performance of the young elderly and oldest old in tasks evaluating cognitive flexibility/inhibition (Stroop test), selective attention/working memory (Digit Span Subtest), premorbid intelligence/semantic knowledge (Vocabulary Subtest), and decision making (Iowa Gambling Task - IGT). Twenty healthy individuals were divided into two groups: 10 young elderly (M = 62 years, SD = 2.1) and 10 oldest old (M = 80 years, SD = 3.3), both with high educational level (M = 14 years of study, SD = 2.5). Results showed that the groups were only different in terms of decision making. There was also a difference in the learning process of each group; the young elderly reached more favorable scores in the IGT.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue investigar la relación entre clima familiar positivo, bienestar en la escuela y religiosidad/espiritualidad entre grupos de jóvenes brasileños fumadores y no fumadores. La muestra no aleatorizada estuvo compuesta por 1.232 participantes (631 varones y 601 mujeres) que completaron un cuestionario elaborado para la investigación. Las edades de los jóvenes variaron entre 14 y 18 años (media = 15.68; DT=1.26). Los jóvenes fumadores presentaron menos clima familiar positivo y bienestar en la escuela de manera significativa que los jóvenes no fumadores. El análisis de regresión mostró que todas las características psicológicas actuaron como factores de protección para la conducta fumadora entre las jóvenes mujeres. Por otro lado, altos niveles de bienestar y de presencia en la escuela durante el día pueden actuar como un factor de protección para los jóvenes varones. Estos resultados pueden ser importantes en la elaboración de políticas públicas para reducir el consumo de tabaco.

The aim of this study is to explore the relation of positive family climate, well-being at school and religiosity/spirituality between Brazilian youth groups of smokers and non-smokers. A non-random sample of 1.232 participants (631 males and 601 females) completed the questionnaire of this study. Ages ranged from 14 to 18 years (mean=15.68; SD=1.26). Smokers had significantly less positive family climate and well-being in school than the non-smoking youth. Regression analysis showed that all psychological characteristics act as protective factors for the smoking behavior among girls. On the other side, high well-being in school and attending school during the day can work as protective factors for boys. These findings can be important in the elaboration of public politics to reduce tobacco consumption.