ABSTRACT The physiological quality of soya bean seeds is a determining factor in establishing the crop in the field. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the physiological quality of soya bean seeds produced by plants grown from seeds of different sizes in two crop seasons. The BS 2606 SOYTECH, NS 6700 IPRO, NA 5909 RR, BS IRGA 1642 IPRO and LANÇA 58i60 IPRO cultivars were used, sown in 2019/2020 and 2020/2021. The experimental design was of randomised blocks, with treatments comprising seeds from plants grown from seeds of three sieve sizes (5.5, 6.0 and 6.5 mm for cultivars BS2606, NS 6700 IPRO, NA 5909 RR, LANÇA; and 6.0, 6.5 and 7.0 mm for the BS IRGA 1642 IPRO cultivar). The following tests were conducted: germination, first germination count, shoot and root length, total seedling dry weight, seedling emergence, accelerated ageing and electrical conductivity. The results were subjected to analysis of variance, and the mean values were compared using Tukey’s test at 5% probability. The size classification of the soya bean seeds has no effect on the germination of the seeds that are produced. Higher seed vigour in the NA 5909 RR cultivar, determined by the seedling emergence test, and accelerated ageing in NS 6700 IPRO, were obtained from seeds produced by plants grown from seeds classified as a sieve size of 6.5 mm. For the other cultivars, the size classification of the seeds had no effect on the vigour of the produced seeds. field seasons 260 SOYTECH 670 590 164 i 58i6 used 20192020 2019 2020 2019/202 20202021 2021 2020/2021 blocks 5.5, 55 5 (5.5 60 6 0 6. 65 BS2606 70 7 7. cultivar. cultivar . cultivar) conducted count length weight conductivity variance Tukeys Tukey s probability 26 67 59 16 58i 2019202 201 202 2019/20 2020202 2020/202 5.5 (5. BS260 2 1 201920 20 2019/2 202020 2020/20 5. (5 BS26 20192 2019/ 20202 2020/2 ( BS2 2020/

Resumo A falta de indutores de brotação é um grande problema na produção orgânica de frutos de clima temperado. No presente trabalho, foi avaliado o efeito de compostos alternativos na indução de brotação em quivizeiros da cultivar Bruno implantados em um pomar, no município de Pelotas, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A eficiência dos compostos foi testada nos ciclos produtivos de 2016-2017 e 2017-2018. No primeiro ciclo, aplicaram-se dez tratamentos, consistindo em extrato de alho em diferentes concentrações, associado ou não ao óleo mineral, extrato de cebolinha em diferentes concentrações, associado ou não ao óleo mineral, somente óleo mineral e controle (sem aplicação). No segundo ciclo, foram aplicados os tratamentos que se destacaram no primeiro ciclo: extrato de alho em diferentes concentrações, associado ao óleo mineral, somente óleo mineral e controle (sem aplicação). Avaliaram-se o porcentual de brotação, a fenologia (brotação e floração), a frutificação efetiva, o número de frutos/planta, a massa dos frutos/planta, a produção estimada, a massa média, o comprimento e o diâmetro dos frutos. Concluiu-se que o extratode alho a 10% + óleo mineral a 2% induziu maiores percentuais de brotação nos dois anos deestudo; a posição da gema no ramo influencia diretamente na brotação; gemas apicais apresentam maior percentual de brotação; concentrações de 15% de extrato de alho causam fitotoxidade àsgemas; e o extrato de cebolinha é ineficiente na indução da brotação.

Abstract Lack of budburst inducers is a major problem in organic production of temperate fruits. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of alternative budburst inducers on kiwifruit vines of cultivar Bruno grown in an orchard in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil. Inducers efficiency was investigated in both 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 seasons. The first season comprised of ten treatments, which used garlic extract at different concentrations, both, associated with and without mineral oil; Welsh onion extract at different concentrations, both associated with and without mineral oil; just mineral oil; and control (no application). In the second season, evaluation was carried out ith treatments that performed well in the first season, garlic extract atdifferent concentrations associated with mineral oil, just mineral oil and control. The followingvariables were evaluated: budburst percentage, phenology (budburst and flowering), fruit set, number of fruit/plant, fruit mass/ plant, estimate production, mean mass, fruit length and diameter. Results showed that 10% garlic extract + 2% mineral oil induced the highest budburst percentages in both seasons; the position of buds on branches influences budburst; apical buds exhibit the highest budburst percentage; 15% garlic extract causes phytotoxicity to buds; and Welsh onion extract is inefficient to induce budburst.

ABSTRACT Kiwifruit vines are an alternative approach to diversify Brazilian fruit farming because of the low supply and increase in the demand for their fruits. Hydrogenated cyanamide, which is the most common rest-breaking agent, is highly toxic and its use is not allowed in organic production systems. This study aimed at evaluating the efficiency of alternative rest-breaking agents in kiwifruit vines by using the biological method of single node cutting. Twigs of the cultivar Bruno were collected in an organic orchard in Pelotas, a city located in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Seven-centimeter-long cuts with a single shoot at the ends were segmented. Cuttings were placed on plastic trays with phenolic foam and soaked in water, at 85% relative humidity on average, and kept in bio-oxygen demand (BOD) incubators at 25± 1 °C and a 16-h photoperiod. Budbreak was evaluated in 2-day and 3-day intervals. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with ten treatments and three replications of ten sampling units each. The following variables were analyzed: average budbreak time (ABT), final budbreak rate (FBR), vigorous budbreak rate (VBR), velocity of budbreak (VB), percentage of open buds (POB) and dormancy index (DI). The rest-breaking agent garlic extract (GE) 10% + mineral oil (MO) 2% was the most efficient one in budbreak induction in both production cycles. Thus, this dose is recommended for budbreak induction in kiwifruit vines grown in an organic system.

Abstract Quinoa, classified as a pseudocereal, presents greater nutritional value compared to traditional cereals. Considering the potential for cultivation presented by the species and the benefits of studying plant morphology and morphobiometry, this paper describes seed and seedling morphobiometric characteristics of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) cultivar BRS Piabiru during germination and emergence. To evaluate seed morphobiometry the 1000-seeds weight, moisture content, seed morphological characterization and the tetrazolium test were performed. The morphological characterization of germination and seedling emergence were performed by periodic observations during the development, allowing the description using pictures and drawings. Quinoa seeds cv. BRS Piabiru present an average diameter of 2.05 mm and 1.07 width. 1000-seeds weight of 2.68 g and moisture content of 11%. Externally, quinoa seeds present the pericarp as testa, the hilum and the raphe and, internally, the embryonic axis (cotyledons, radicle and hypocotyl-radicle), perisperm and endosperm. The germination is characterized as epigeal, phanerocotylar type, with radicle protrusion at 3 hours after sowing and complete formed seedlings at 24 hours after sowing. Emergence occurs at 9 days after sowing and plants are completely formed at 12 days after sowing.