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Abstract Chagas disease is a neglected chronic condition with a high burden of morbidity and mortality. It has considerable psychological, social, and economic impacts. The disease represents a significant public health issue in Brazil, with different regional patterns. This document presents the evidence that resulted in the Brazilian Consensus on Chagas Disease. The objective was to review and standardize strategies for diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control of Chagas disease in the country, based on the available scientific evidence. The consensus is based on the articulation and strategic contribution of renowned Brazilian experts with knowledge and experience on various aspects of the disease. It is the result of a close collaboration between the Brazilian Society of Tropical Medicine and the Ministry of Health. It is hoped that this document will strengthen the development of integrated actions against Chagas disease in the country, focusing on epidemiology, management, comprehensive care (including families and communities), communication, information, education, and research .

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0505-2016 9267 downloads

II Consenso Brasileiro em Doença de Chagas, 2015
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Dias, João Carlos Pinto

; Ramos Jr., Alberto Novaes

; Gontijo, Eliane Dias

; Luquetti, Alejandro

; Shikanai-Yasuda, Maria Aparecida

; Coura, José Rodrigues

; Torres, Rosália Morais

; Melo, José Renan da Cunha

; Almeida, Eros Antonio de

; Oliveira Jr., Wilson de

; Silveira, Antônio Carlos

; Rezende, Joffre Marcondes de

; Pinto, Fabiane Scalabrini

; Ferreira, Antonio Walter

; Rassi, Anis

; Fragata Filho, Abílio Augusto

; Sousa, Andréa Silvestre de

; Correia Filho, Dalmo

; Jansen, Ana Maria

; Andrade, Glaucia Manzan Queiroz

; Britto, Constança Felícia De Paoli de Carvalho

; Pinto, Ana Yecê das Neves

; Rassi Jr., Anis

; Campos, Dayse Elisabeth

; Abad-Franch, Fernando

; Santos, Silvana Eloi

; Chiari, Egler

; Hasslocher-Moreno, Alejandro Marcel

; Moreira, Eliane Furtado

; Marques, Divina Seila de Oliveira

; Silva, Eliane Lages

; Marin-Neto, José Antonio

; Galvão, Lúcia Maria da Cunha

; Xavier, Sergio Salles

; Valente, Sebastião Aldo da Silva

; Carvalho, Noêmia Barbosa

; Cardoso, Alessandra Viana

; Silva, Rafaella Albuquerque e

; Costa, Veruska Maia da

; Vivaldini, Simone Monzani

; Oliveira, Suelene Mamede

; Valente, Vera da Costa

; Lima, Mayara Maia

; Alves, Renato Vieira

Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde

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jun 2016, Volume 25 N. spe. Pages 7 - 86

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO A doença de Chagas é uma condição crônica negligenciada com elevada carga de morbimortalidade e impacto dos pontos de vista psicológico, social e econômico. Representa um importante problema de saúde pública no Brasil, com diferentes cenários regionais. Este documento traduz a sistematização das evidências que compõe o Consenso Brasileiro de Doença de Chagas. O objetivo foi sistematizar estratégias de diagnóstico, tratamento, prevenção e controle da doença de Chagas no país, de modo a refletir as evidências científicas disponíveis. Sua construção fundamentou-se na articulação e contribuição estratégica de especialistas brasileiros com conhecimento, experiência e atualização sobre diferentes aspectos da doença. Representa o resultado da estreita colaboração entre a Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical e o Ministério da Saúde. Espera-se com este documento fortalecer o desenvolvimento de ações integradas para enfrentamento da doença no país com foco em epidemiologia, gestão, atenção integral (incluindo famílias e comunidades), comunicação, informação, educação e pesquisas.

ABSTRACT Chagas disease is a neglected chronic condition that presents high morbidity and mortality burden, with considerable psychological, social, and economic impact. The disease represents a significant public health issue in Brazil, with different regional patterns. This document presents the evidence that resulted in the Brazilian Consensus on Chagas Disease. The objective was to review and standardize strategies for diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control of Chagas disease in the country, based on the available scientific evidence. The consensus is based on collaboration and contribution of renowned Brazilian experts with vast knowledge and experience on various aspects of the disease. It is the result of close collaboration between the Brazilian Society of Tropical Medicine and the Ministry of Health. This document shall strengthen the development of integrated control measures against Chagas disease in the country, focusing on epidemiology, management, comprehensive care (including families and communities), communication, information, education, and research.

https://doi.org/10.5123/S1679-49742016000500002 3725 downloads

II Consenso Brasileiro em Doença de Chagas, 2015
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Dias, João Carlos Pinto

; Ramos Jr., Alberto Novaes

; Gontijo, Eliane Dias

; Luquetti, Alejandro

; Shikanai-Yasuda, Maria Aparecida

; Coura, José Rodrigues

; Torres, Rosália Morais

; Melo, José Renan da Cunha

; Almeida, Eros Antonio de

; Oliveira Jr., Wilson de

; Silveira, Antônio Carlos

; Rezende, Joffre Marcondes de

; Pinto, Fabiane Scalabrini

; Ferreira, Antonio Walter

; Rassi, Anis

; Fragata Filho, Abílio Augusto

; Sousa, Andréa Silvestre de

; Correia Filho, Dalmo

; Jansen, Ana Maria

; Andrade, Glaucia Manzan Queiroz

; Britto, Constança Felícia De Paoli de Carvalho

; Pinto, Ana Yecê das Neves

; Rassi Jr., Anis

; Campos, Dayse Elisabeth

; Abad-Franch, Fernando

; Santos, Silvana Eloi

; Chiari, Egler

; Hasslocher-Moreno, Alejandro Marcel

; Moreira, Eliane Furtado

; Marques, Divina Seila de Oliveira

; Silva, Eliane Lages

; Marin-Neto, José Antonio

; Galvão, Lúcia Maria da Cunha

; Xavier, Sergio Salles

; Valente, Sebastião Aldo da Silva

; Carvalho, Noêmia Barbosa

; Cardoso, Alessandra Viana

; Silva, Rafaella Albuquerque e

; Costa, Veruska Maia da

; Vivaldini, Simone Monzani

; Oliveira, Suelene Mamede

; Valente, Vera da Costa

; Lima, Mayara Maia

; Alves, Renato Vieira

Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde

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jun 2016, Volume 25 N. spe Pages 7 - 86

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.5123/s1679-49742016000500002 63592 downloads

Triatominae (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) in the Pantanal region: association with Trypanosoma cruzi, different habitats and vertebrate hosts
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Santos, Filipe Martins

; Jansen, Ana Maria

; Mourão, Guilherme de Miranda

; Jurberg, José

; Nunes, Alessandro Pacheco

; Herrera, Heitor Miraglia

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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oct 2015, Volume 48 N. 5 Pages 532 - 538

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACTINTRODUCTION: The transmission cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi in the Brazilian Pantanal region has been studied during the last decade. Although considerable knowledge is available regarding the mammalian hosts infected by T. cruzi in this wetland, no studies have investigated its vectors in this region. This study aimed to investigate the presence of sylvatic triatomine species in different habitats of the Brazilian Pantanal region and to correlate their presence with the occurrences of vertebrate hosts and T. cruzi infection.METHODS: The fieldwork involved passive search by using light traps and Noireau traps and active search by visual inspection. The light traps were placed at five selected points along forested areas for seven nights during each of the nine excursions. At each point where a light trap was set, eight Noireau traps were placed in palm trees and bromeliads.RESULTS: In all, 88 triatomine bugs were collected: two and one individuals from light traps and Noireau traps, respectively; three from peridomestic areas; 23 in coati nests; and 59 in thornbird nests. In this study, active search in microhabitats showed higher efficiency than passive search, since 95% of the triatomine bugs were caught in nests. Further, triatomine bugs were only found to be infected by T. cruzi in coati nests.CONCLUSIONS: Coati nests might act as a point of convergence and dispersion for triatomine bugs and mammal hosts infected by T. cruzi, thereby playing an important role in the sylvatic cycle of T. cruziin the Pantanal region.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0184-2015 2153 downloads

Infection with Trypanosoma cruzi TcII and TcI in free-ranging population of lion tamarins (Leontopithecus spp): an 11-year follow-up
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Lisboa, Cristiane Varella

; Monteiro, Rafael Veríssimo

; Martins, Andreia Fonseca

; Xavier, Samantha Cristina das Chagas

; Lima, Valdirene dos Santos

; Jansen, Ana Maria

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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may 2015, Volume 110 N. 3 Pages 394 - 402

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Here, we present a review of the dataset resulting from the 11-years follow-up of Trypanosoma cruziinfection in free-ranging populations of Leontopithecus rosalia(golden lion tamarin) andLeontopithecus chrysomelas(golden-headed lion tamarin) from distinct forest fragments in Atlantic Coastal Rainforest. Additionally, we present new data regarding T. cruziinfection of small mammals (rodents and marsupials) that live in the same areas as golden lion tamarins and characterisation at discrete typing unit (DTU) level of 77 of these isolates. DTU TcII was found to exclusively infect primates, while TcI infectedDidelphis aurita and lion tamarins. The majority ofT. cruziisolates derived from L. rosaliawere shown to be TcII (33 out 42) Nine T. cruziisolates displayed a TcI profile. Golden-headed lion tamarins demonstrated to be excellent reservoirs of TcII, as 24 of 26 T. cruziisolates exhibited the TcII profile. We concluded the following: (i) the transmission cycle of T. cruziin a same host species and forest fragment is modified over time, (ii) the infectivity competence of the golden lion tamarin population fluctuates in waves that peak every other year and (iii) both golden and golden-headed lion tamarins are able to maintain long-lasting infections by TcII and TcI.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760140400 2064 downloads

Domestic, peridomestic and wild hosts in the transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi in the Caatinga area colonised by Triatoma brasiliensis
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Bezerra, Claudia Mendonça

; Cavalcanti, Luciano Pamplona de Góes

; Souza, Rita de Cássia Moreira de

; Barbosa, Silvia Ermelinda

; Xavier, Samanta Cristina das Chagas

; Jansen, Ana Maria

; Ramalho, Relrison Dias

; Diotaiut, Liléia

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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nov 2014, Volume 109 N. 7 Pages 887 - 898

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The role played by different mammal species in the maintenance of Trypanosoma cruzi is not constant and varies in time and place. This study aimed to characterise the importance of domestic, wild and peridomestic hosts in the transmission of T. cruzi in Tauá, state of Ceará, Caatinga area, Brazil, with an emphasis on those environments colonised by Triatoma brasiliensis. Direct parasitological examinations were performed on insects and mammals, serologic tests were performed on household and outdoor mammals and multiplex polymerase chain reaction was used on wild mammals. Cytochrome b was used as a food source for wild insects. The serum prevalence in dogs was 38% (20/53), while in pigs it was 6% (2/34). The percentages of the most abundantly infected wild animals were as follows: Thrichomys laurentius 74% (83/112) and Kerodon rupestris 10% (11/112). Of the 749 triatomines collected in the household research, 49.3% (369/749) were positive for T. brasiliensis, while 6.8% were infected with T. cruzi (25/369). In captured animals, T. brasiliensis shares a natural environment with T. laurentius, K. rupestris, Didelphis albiventris, Monodelphis domestica, Galea spixii, Wiedomys pyrrhorhinos, Conepatus semistriatus and Mus musculus. In animals identified via their food source, T. brasiliensis shares a natural environment with G. spixii, K. rupestris, Capra hircus, Gallus gallus, Tropidurus oreadicus and Tupinambis merianae. The high prevalence of T. cruzi in household and peridomiciliar animals reinforces the narrow relationship between the enzootic cycle and humans in environments with T. brasiliensis and characterises it as ubiquitous.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-0276140048 3964 downloads

Paleoparasitology of Chagas disease: a review
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Araújo, Adauto

; Jansen, Ana Maria

; Reinhard, Karl

; Ferreira, Luiz Fernando

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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jul 2009, Volume 104 Suppl. 1 Pages 9 - 16

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

One hundred years since the discovery of Chagas disease associated with Trypanosoma cruzi infection, growing attention has focused on understanding the evolution in parasite-human host interaction. This interest has featured studies and results from paleoparasitology, not only the description of lesions in mummified bodies, but also the recovery of genetic material from the parasite and the possibility of analyzing such material over time. The present study reviews the evidence of Chagas disease in organic remains excavated from archeological sites and discusses two findings in greater detail, both with lesions suggestive of chagasic megacolon and confirmed by molecular biology techniques. One of these sites is located in the United States, on the border between Texas and Mexico and the other in state of Minas Gerais, in the Brazilian cerrado (savannah). Dated prior to contact with Europeans, these results confirm that Chagas disease affected prehistoric human groups in other regions outside the Andean altiplanos and other transmission areas on the Pacific Coast, previously considered the origin of T. cruzi infection in the human host.

6985 downloads Cited 11 times in SciELO

Maintenance and breeding of Thrichomys (Trouessart, 1880) (Rodentia: Echimyidae) in captivity
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Teixeira, Bernardo Rodrigues

; Roque, André Luiz R

; Barreiros-Gómez, Simone Cristina

; Borodin, Pavel Mikhailovitch

; Jansen, Ana Maria

; D'Andrea, Paulo Sérgio

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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oct 2005, Volume 100 N. 6 Pages 527 - 530

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

South American histricognath rodents Thrichomys apereoides laurentius and Thrichomys pachyurus are natural hosts of Trypanosoma cruzi, agent of Chagas disease. We established breeding colonies of these species to serve as experimental models in various parasitological studies. Both species of Thrichomys have all the requirements necessary to become excellent laboratory models: they can be easily maintained in the standard laboratory conditions and breed throughout the year and they do not have any special dietary demands and can be fed by standard food pellets designed for laboratory mice. Both species produce precocious offspring that have their eyes and ears open, teeth erupted, fur well developed, and can eat solid food in the first week of life. T. a. laurentius has larger litter sizes and lower body masses at birth and weaning than T. pachyurus. Moreover, females of T. a. laurentius reach puberty earlier and with lower body mass than T. pachyurus.

2440 downloads Cited 2 times in SciELO

Enfoques conceptuales y propuestas metodológicas para el estudio de las interacciones entre el medio ambiente y la salud: aplicación a un programa de investigación sobre la tripanosomiasis americana
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Romaña, Cristina

; Emperaire, Laure

; Jansen, Ana Maria

Cadernos de Saúde Pública

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aug 2003, Volume 19 N. 4 Pages 945 - 953

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Modifications of the landscape by human activity and migratory movements contribute to the emergence or reemergence of zoonotic and human diseases, particularly those transmitted by insects which often escape the changing environmental conditions, adapting and modifying their trophic networks and morphology, including their genotype. A better understanding of relationships between ecological factors, human factors, and anthropozoonoses is vital to be able to identify variables that allow one to map the risk for human populations. This is the main objective of the research program Landscape Ecology, Land-Use Dynamics, and Eco-Pathogenic Complexes: Eco-Epidemiologic Risk in the Case of American Trypanosomiasis, developed in various Brazilian ecosystems. The authors describe the program's conceptual and methodological basis and highlight the role of eco-epidemiology for studying the structure and function of natural and anthropogenic foci of infection. Modeling spatial and temporal dynamics can help predict and monitor such tropical diseases.

Las modificaciones del paisaje causadas por las actividades y migraciones humanas contribuyen en hacer emerger o re-emerger enfermedades tropicales, particularmente aquellas cuya transmisión se realiza por insectos vectores que a menudo deben escapar a las condiciones cambiantes ambientales, adaptándose y modificando sus redes tróficas, su morfología, hasta su genotipo. Obtener una mejor comprensión de las relaciones entre los factores ecológicos y humanos y las antropozoonosis es vital para poder identificar variables que permitan cartografiar el riesgo para las poblaciones humanas. Este es el objetivo del programa de investigación Ecología del Paisaje, Dinámica de los Agro-Ecosistemas y Complejos Eco-Patógenos: La Definición del Riesgo Eco-Epidemiológico en la Tripanosomiasis Americana que se desarrolla en diferentes ecosistemas del Brasil. Los autores describen las bases conceptuales y metodológicas del programa e insisten sobre el rol del método eco-epidemiológico para el estudio de la estructura y el funcionamiento de los focos naturales y antropizados de la infección. Modelizar su dinámica espacial y temporal permite concebir nuevos útiles de predicción y de vigilancia.

1889 downloads Cited 2 times in SciELO

10.

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Romaña, Cristina

; Emperaire, Laure

; Jansen, Ana Maria

Cadernos de Saúde Pública

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aug 2003, Volume 19 N. 4 Pages 945 - 953

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

2423 downloads Cited 2 times in SciELO

11.

Trypanosoma cruzi in marsupial didelphids (Philander frenata and Didelhis marsupialis): differences in the humoral immune response in natural and experimental infections
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Legey, Ana Paula

; Pinho, Ana Paula

; Xavier, Samanta C.C.

; Marchevsky, Renato

; Carreira, João Carlos

; Leon, Leonor L.

; Jansen, Ana Maria

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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apr 2003, Volume 36 N. 2 Pages 241 - 248

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Philander frenata e Didelphis marsupialis mantém Trypanosoma cruzi sem desenvolver aparentemente nenhuma doença. Ao contrário de Didelphis marsupialis, Philander frenata mantém subpopulações do grupo T. cruzi II. Aqui, nós comparamos a resposta imune humoral de dois didelfídeos natural e experimentalmente infectados com o grupo T. cruzi II, empregando as técnicas de SDS-PAGE/Western blot e por um método de imunofluorescência indireta. Também estudamos os padrões histopatológicos de P. frenata infectado natural e experimentalmente por T. cruzi. O soro de P. frenata reconheceu mais antígenos que o de D. marsupialis. Polipeptídeos de 66 e 90kDa foram os antígenos mais reconhecidos por ambas espécies nas frações enriquecidas de membranas solúveis. P. frenata reconheceu intensamente o antígeno de 45kDa. Nossos resultados indicam que: não existem diferenças quantitativas e qualitativas nas fases subpatente e patente no padrão de reconhecimento de P. frenata; as diferenças no padrão de reconhecimento de antígenos de parasitas pelos soros de P. frenata e D. marsupialis sugerem que provavelmente essas espécies "aprenderam" a viver em harmonia com T. cruzi por estratégias distintas; embora P. frenata não apresente doença aparente, lesões tissulares tendem a ser mais severas do que as descritas para D. marsupialis; ambos didelfídeos provavelmente adquiriram a infecção por T. cruzi depois de sua divergência evolucionária.

Philander frenata and Didelphis marsupialis harbor parasitism by Trypanosoma cruzi without developing any apparent disease and on the contrary to D. marsupialis, P. frenata maintains parasitism by T. cruzi II subpopulations. Here we compared the humoral immune response of the two didelphids naturally and experimentally infected with T. cruzi II group, employing SDS-PAGE/Western blot techniques and by an Indirect immunofluorescence assay. We also studied the histopathological pattern of naturally and experimentally infected P. frenata with T. cruzi. P. frenata sera recognized more antigens than D. marsupialis, and the recognition pattern did not show any change over the course of the follow up of both didelphid species. Polypeptides of 66 and 90kDa were the most prominent antigens recognized by both species in the soluble and enriched membrane fractions. P. frenata recognized intensely also a 45kDa antigen. Our findings indicate that: 1) there were no quantitative or qualitative differences in the patent or subpatent phases in the recognition pattern of P. frenata; 2) the significant differences in the recognition pattern of parasitic antigens by P. frenata and D. marsupialis sera suggest that they probably "learned" to live in harmony with T. cruzi by different strategies; 3) although P. frenata do not display apparent disease, tissular lesions tended to be more severe than has been described in D. marsupialis; and 4) Both didelphids probably acquired infection by T. cruzi after their evolutionary divergence.

2609 downloads

12.

Canine visceral leishmaniasis in Barra de Guaratiba, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: assessment of risk factors
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Cabrera, Maria Alice A.

; Paula, Adelzon A.

; Camacho, Luis Antonio B.

; Marzochi, Mauro Célio A.

; Xavier, Samanta C.

; Silva, Alba Valéria M. da

; Jansen, Ana Maria

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

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apr 2003, Volume 45 N. 2 Pages 79 - 83

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Barra de Guaratiba é uma região litorânea da cidade do Rio de Janeiro onde a leishmaniose visceral americana é endêmica. Apesar das medidas de controle aplicadas nessa localidade, incluindo sacrifício de cães e borrifação de inseticidas, a soroprevalência canina está estimada em 25% e durante 1995 e 1997, 8 casos humanos autóctones foram notificados. Para avaliar fatores de risco relacionados com o aumento da infecção por Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi em cães, nós examinamos 365 cães utilizando a técnica de Imunofluorescência Indireta (IFAT) e capturamos flebótomos em ambientes doméstico e peridoméstico. Algumas variáveis relacionadas à infecção foram avaliadas por análise uni e multivariada. A distância da residência a borda da floresta, sua altitude e presença do gambá Didelphis marsupialis no quintal, foram considerados fatores preditores da infecção por Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasiem cães de Barra de Guaratiba. A presença de Lutzomyia longipalpis em ambiente peridoméstico indica a possibilidade de ocorrência de novos casos humanos. Nossos dados também sugerem a presença de um ciclo enzoótico nessa localidade.

Barra de Guaratiba is a coastal area of the city of Rio de Janeiro where American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) is endemic. Although control measures including killing of dogs and use of insecticides have been applied at this locality, the canine seroprevalence remains at 25% and during 1995 and 1997 eight autochthonous human cases were notified. In order to evaluate factors related to the increase of the risk for Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi infection in dogs we have screened 365 dogs by anti-Leishmania immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and captured sandflies in the domestic and peridomestic environment. Some variables related to the infection were assessed by uni- and multivariate analysis. The distance of the residence from the forest border, its altitude and the presence of the opossum Didelphis marsupialis in the backyard, were found predictor factors for L. (L.) chagasi infection in dogs in Barra de Guaratiba. The presence of Lutzomyia longipalpis in the peridomestic environment indicates the possibility of appearence of new human cases. Our data also suggest the presence of a sylvatic enzootic cycle at this locality.

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13.

Parasitism, the diversity of life, and paleoparasitology
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Araújo, Adauto

; Jansen, Ana Maria

; Bouchet, Françoise

; Reinhard, Karl

; Ferreira, Luiz Fernando

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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jan 2003, Volume 98 Suppl. 1 Pages 5 - 11

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The parasite-host-environment system is dynamic, with several points of equilibrium. This makes it difficult to trace the thresholds between benefit and damage, and therefore, the definitions of commensalism, mutualism, and symbiosis become worthless. Therefore, the same concept of parasitism may encompass commensalism, mutualism, and symbiosis. Parasitism is essential for life. Life emerged as a consequence of parasitism at the molecular level, and intracellular parasitism created evolutive events that allowed species to diversify. An ecological and evolutive approach to the study of parasitism is presented here. Studies of the origin and evolution of parasitism have new perspectives with the development of molecular paleoparasitology, by which ancient parasite and host genomes can be recovered from disappeared populations. Molecular paleoparasitology points to host-parasite co-evolutive mechanisms of evolution traceable through genome retrospective studies.

13928 downloads Cited 14 times in SciELO

14.

The sylvatic cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi: a still unsolved puzzle
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Jansen, Ana Maria

; Pinho, Ana Paula Santos de

; Lisboa, Cristiane Varella

; Cupolillo, Elisa

; Mangia, Regina Helena

; Fernandes, Octavio

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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sep 1999, Volume 94 Suppl. 1 Pages 203 - 204

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

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Humoral Immune Response Kinetics in Philander opossum and Didelphis marsupialis Infected and Immunized by Trypanosoma cruzi Employing an Immunofluorescence Antibody Test
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Legey, Ana Paula

; Pinho, Ana Paula S

; Xavier, Samanta C Chagas

; Leon, Leonor L

; Jansen, Ana Maria

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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may 1999, Volume 94 N. 3 Pages 371 - 376

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Philander opossum and Didelphis marsupialis considered the most ancient mammals and an evolutionary success, maintain parasitism by Trypanosoma cruzi without developing any apparent disease or important tissue lesion. In order to elucidate this well-balanced interaction, we decided to compare the humoral immune response kinetics of the two didelphids naturally and experimentally infected with T. cruzi and immunized by different schedules of parasite antigens, employing an indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT). Both didelphids responded with high serological titers to different immunization routes, while the earliest response occurred with the intradermic route. Serological titers of naturally infected P. opossum showed a significant individual variation, while those of D. marsupialis remained stable during the entire follow-up period. The serological titers of the experimentally infected animals varied according to the inoculated strain. Our data suggest that (1) IFAT was sensitive for follow-up of P. opossum in natural and experimental T. cruzi infections; (2) both P. opossum and D. marsupialis are able to mount an efficient humoral immune response as compared to placental mammals; (3) experimentally infected P. opossum and D. marsupialis present distinct patterns of infection, depending on the subpopulation of T. cruzi, (4) the differences observed in the humoral immune responses between P. opossum and D. marsupialis, probably, reflect distinct strategies selected by these animals during their coevolution with T. cruzi.

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