Abstract The pathogenic nature of infections caused by Candida spp. underscores the necessity for novel therapeutic agents. Extracts of Schinopsis brasilienses Engl are \ a promising source of agents with antifungal effects. This study aimed to assess the antifungal potential of the leaf extract of S. brasilienses. The antifungal activity was evaluated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentrations and fungicide concentrations (MIC and MFC). The antibiofilm potential was assessed by counting colony-forming units/mL. The study examined the inhibition kinetics of fungal growth and potential synergism between gallic acid or the extract and nystatin using the Checkerboard method. Cytotoxicity was evaluated through the MTT assay. The extract exhibited antifungal effect against all tested strains, with MIC and MFC ranging from 31.25–250 μg/mL. Gallic acid, the main isolated compound, displayed a MIC of 2000 μg/mL. The extract of S. brasilienses at 31.25 μg/mL inhibited the formation of biofilm by C. albicans and significantly reduced the mass of mature biofilm after 24 and 48 h (p < 0. 05). At a concentration of 125 μg/mL, the extract demonstrated significant inhibition of fungal growth after 6 hours. The combination of gallic acid or extract with nystatin did not exhibit synergistic or antagonistic effect. Furthermore, the extract did not induce cytotoxicity to a human cell line. The extract of S. brasiliensis demonstrates antifungal activity against Candida, generally exhibiting fungicidal action and capacity to inhibit biofilm formation as well as reduce mature biofilms. Additionally, the extract showed low cytotoxicity to human cells. spp effects S MFC. . MFC) colonyforming colony forming unitsmL units mL units/mL method assay strains 3125250 31 25 250 31.25–25 μgmL μg compound 200 3125 31.2 C 2 4 p 0 05. 05 05) 12 hours Furthermore line biofilms Additionally cells 312525 3 31.25–2 20 312 31. 1 31252 31.25–

Resumo Crianças em idade escolar apresentam, com frequência, alto risco para o desenvolvimento de doenças biofilme-dependentes, incluindo cárie e doenças periodontais. Este estudo investigou a eficácia clínica de um dentifrício contendo o extrato de Eugenia uniflora Linn. (pitanga) comparado a um dentifrício com triclosan no combate à gengivite em crianças de 10 a 12 anos. Foi avaliado o potencial antibacteriano in vitro do dentifrício sobre microorganismos da cavidade oral (S. mutans S. oralis and L. casei) e realizado um estudo clínico fase II incluindo 50 sujeitos, com sinais clínicos de gengivite, divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: Experimental - 25 sujeitos usaram o dentifrício contendo extrato de pitanga; e Controle - 25 sujeitos que usaram um dentifrício fluoretado contendo triclosan (Colgate Total 12(r)). Na baseline e após sete dias consecutivos de escovação, foi realizado o exame clínico para diagnóstico de gengivite (desfecho primário) e acúmulo de biofilme (desfecho secundário), utilizando o Índice de Sangramento Gengival (ISG) e Índice de Higiene Oral Simplificado (IHO-S). Os dados foram analisados utilizando o teste t pareado e não pareado (ISG) e teste de Wilcoxon e Mann-Whitney (IHO-S), com nível de significância de p≤0,05. Observou-se uma efetiva atividade antibacteriana do dentifrício experimental. No estudo clínico, observou-se redução de sangramento gengival em ambos os grupos experimental e controle (p<0,0001), não havendo diferença entre eles (p 0,178), embora com uma pequena magnitude de efeito. Apenas o grupo controle reduziu significantemente o acúmulo de biofilme (p=0,0039). Concluiu-se que o dentifrício experimental de E. uniflora mostrou-se eficaz na redução de gengivite em crianças de 10 a 12 anos. Assim, este dentifrício apresenta potencial para ser utilizado de forma eficaz e segura em odontologia preventiva.

Abstract School-age children are frequently at high risk for the onset of biofilm-dependent conditions, including dental caries and periodontal diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of a dentifrice containing Eugenia uniflora Linn. (Surinam cherry) extract versus a triclosan-based comparator in treating gingivitis in children aged 10-12 years. The in vitro antibacterial potential of the dentifrice was tested against oral pathogens (Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus oralis and Lactobacillus casei). Then a phase-II clinical trial was conducted with 50 subjects aged 10-12 years, with clinical signs of gingivitis. The subjects were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n=25) and control group (n=25), in which participants used the experimental dentifrice and a triclosan-based fluoridated dentifrice (Colgate Total 12(r)), respectively. Clinical examinations assessed the presence of gingivitis (primary outcome) and biofilm accumulation (secondary outcome) using the Gingival-Bleeding Index (GBI) and Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S), respectively, at baseline and after seven days of tooth brushing 3x/day. The data were analyzed using paired and unpaired t-test (GBI) and Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney (OHI-S), with p≤0.05. The experimental dentifrice showed efficient antibacterial activity in vitro. In the clinical trial, a significant reduction in gingival bleeding was observed in both experimental and control groups (p<0.0001), with no statistical difference between them (p=0.178), although a small size effect was observed. Biofilm accumulation was only reduced in the control group (p=0.0039). In conclusion, E. uniflora dentifrice showed anti-gingivitis properties in children aged 10-12 years. Thus, it may be a potentially efficient and safe product to be used alternatively in preventive dental practice