In order to clarify the influence of Bi-doping on oxygen diffusion in ZnO, the bulk and grain boundary oxygen diffusion coefficients were measured in Bi2O3-doped ZnO polycrystals by means of the gas-solid exchange method using the isotope 18O as the oxygen tracer. The experiments were performed on ZnO sintered samples containing 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 mol% Bi2O3. The diffusion annealings were performed at 942, 1000 and 1092 °C, in an Ar+18O2 atmosphere under an oxygen partial pressure of 0.2 atm. After the diffusion annealings, the 18O diffusion profiles were established by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The results show an increase in the oxygen diffusion in the Bi2O3-doped ZnO, when compared to the oxygen diffusion in the undoped ZnO polycrystal under the same experimental conditions, both in bulk and in grain-boundaries. Moreover, it was observed that the higher the Bi2O3 concentration, the higher the oxygen diffusion. These results suggest that the incorporation of Bi2O3 increases the interstitial oxygen concentration which agrees with an interstitial diffusion mechanism both in bulk and in grain-boundaries.

The high temperature oxidation behavior of two ferritic stainless steels type AISI 430A and AISI 430E is examined at low oxygen pressure and high temperatures. The AISI 430A steel is ferritic up to 860 °C. Above this temperature, this steel is bi-phased: presence of austenite and ferrite phases. The 430E steel is stabilized with Nb, and is ferritic at all temperatures. The oxidation experiments were performed in a thermobalance SETARAM TGDTA 92, in the range of 850-950 °C, in Ar/H2/H2O atmosphere, under oxygen partial pressures lower than 1.3 x 10-18 atm. The microstructure and the composition of the oxide scales were analysed by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Different oxidation behaviors in AISI 430A and AISI 430E stainless steels were observed. At 850 °C, the oxidation of the 430A steel is greater than that of the 430E steel, but above 900 °C the oxidation of the 430A steels is lower than that of the 430E steel. The oxidation rate of the 430A steel shows low dependence on temperature, while the oxidation of the 430E follows an Arrhenius law, with an activation energy corresponding to the chromia scale growth.

This work deals with a comparison of high temperature oxidation behaviour in AISI 304 austenitic and AISI 439 ferritic stainless steels. The oxidation experiments were performed between 850 and 950 °C, in oxygen and Ar (100 vpm H2). In most cases, it was formed a Cr2O3 protective scale, whose growth kinetics follows a parabolic law. The exception was for the the AISI 304 steel, at 950 °C, in oxygen atmosphere, which forms an iron oxide external layer. The oxidation resistance of the AISI 439 does not depend on the atmosphere. The AISI 304 has the same oxidation resistance in both atmospheres, at 850 °C, but at higher temperatures, its oxidation rate strongly increases in oxygen atmosphere. Concerning the performance of these steels under oxidation, our results show that the AISI 439 steel has higher oxidation resistance in oxidizing atmosphere, above 850 °C, while, in low pO2 atmosphere, the AISI 304 steel has higher oxidation resistance than the AISI 439, in all the temperature range investigated.