Abstract Background: Bungarus multicinctus is one of the most dangerous venomous snakes prone to cardiopulmonary damage with extremely high mortality. In our previous work, we found that glutamine (Gln) and glutamine synthetase (GS) in pig serum were significantly reduced after Bungarus multicinctus bite. In the present study, to explore whether there is a link between the pathogenesis of cardiopulmonary injury and Gln metabolic changes induced by Bungarus multicinctus venom. We investigated the effect of Gln supplementation on the lung and heart function after snakebite. Methods: We supplemented different concentrations of Gln to mice that were envenomated by Bungarus multicinctus to observe the biological behavior, survival rate, hematological and pathological changes. Gln was supplemented immediately or one hour after the venom injection, and then changes in Gln metabolism were analyzed. Subsequently, to further explore the protective mechanism of glutamine on tissue damage, we measured the expression of heat-shock protein70 (HSP70), NF-κB P65, P53/PUMA by western blotting and real-time polymerase in the lung and heart. Results: Gln supplementation delayed the envenoming symptoms, reduced mortality, and alleviated the histopathological changes in the heart and lung of mice bitten by Bungarus multicinctus. Additionally, Gln increased the activity of glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and glutaminase (GLS) in serum. It also balanced the transporter SLC7A11 expression in heart and lung tissues. Bungarus multicinctus venom induced the NF-κB nuclear translocation in the lung, while the HO-1 expression was suppressed. At the same time, venom activated the P53/PUMA signaling pathway and the BAX expression in the heart. Gln treatment reversed the above phenomenon and increased HSP70 expression. Conclusion: Gln alleviated the glutamine metabolism disorder and cardiopulmonary damage caused by Bungarus multicinctus venom. It may protect lungs and heart against venom by promoting the expression of HSP70, inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and P53/PUMA, thereby delaying the process of snake venom and reducing mortality. The present results indicate that Gln could be a potential treatment for Bungarus multicinctus bite. Background mortality work (Gln GS (GS bite study snakebite Methods behavior rate injection analyzed Subsequently heatshock heat shock protein protein7 HSP , (HSP70) NFκB NF κB P65 P P53PUMA PPUMA P53 PUMA realtime real time Results symptoms Additionally GS, GDH (GDH GLS (GLS SLCA SLC A SLC7A1 tissues HO1 HO 1 HO- suppressed HSP7 Conclusion (HSP70 P6 P5 SLC7A (HSP7 (HSP

RESUMEN Introducción: El resultado de los ejercicios proporciona un parámetro importante para la evaluación del impacto de las actividades aeróbicas en los atletas. Se cree que el entrenamiento cíclico puede ofrecer mejores resultados debido a su combinación de movimientos funcionales. Objetivo: Estudiar cómo afecta el entrenamiento cíclico a la condición física en la realización de movimientos gimnásticos aeróbicos en sus practicantes. Métodos: Se seleccionaron 90 atletas practicantes de gimnasia aeróbica, divididos aleatoriamente en grupo experimental y grupo control, para un experimento de 9 semanas de duración. Mientras el grupo de control practicaba los ejercicios diarios, al grupo experimental se le añadió un protocolo de entrenamiento cíclico. Se realizaron pruebas antes y después de la intervención para medir cualquier variación en la forma física de los atletas. Resultados: El ritmo de levantamiento de peso en el suelo en un minuto en el grupo experimental aumentó de 16,72±4,98 a 18,37±4,16, la cantidad de levantamientos por minuto se incrementó de 38,56±8,50 a 39,38±7,35, el número de saltos de cuerda en un minuto también aumentó de 149,90±14,67 a 158,30±11,52, y la ganancia en el ejercicio de apoyos verticales y horizontales en 30 segundos evolucionó de 16,96±2,21 a 17,33±2,42. El grupo experimental también obtuvo mejoras significativas tras el entrenamiento circulatorio, mientras que los cambios en los datos de ambos grupos en el grupo de control no fueron tan evidentes como los del grupo experimental. Conclusión: La combinación del entrenamiento en bicicleta con el entrenamiento diario puede mejorar eficazmente el rendimiento funcional de los practicantes de gimnasia aeróbica. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento. Introducción funcionales Objetivo Métodos aeróbica duración diarios Resultados 1672498 16 72 4 98 16,72±4,9 1837416 18 37 18,37±4,16 3856850 38 56 8 50 38,56±8,5 3938735 39 7 35 39,38±7,35 149901467 149 14 67 149,90±14,6 158301152 158 11 52 158,30±11,52 3 1696221 96 2 21 16,96±2,2 1733242 17 33 42 17,33±2,42 circulatorio Conclusión II tratamiento 167249 1 16,72±4, 183741 18,37±4,1 385685 5 38,56±8, 393873 39,38±7,3 14990146 6 149,90±14, 15830115 15 158,30±11,5 169622 16,96±2, 173324 17,33±2,4 16724 16,72±4 18374 18,37±4, 38568 38,56±8 39387 39,38±7, 1499014 149,90±14 1583011 158,30±11, 16962 16,96±2 17332 17,33±2, 1672 16,72± 1837 18,37±4 3856 38,56± 3938 39,38±7 149901 149,90±1 158301 158,30±11 1696 16,96± 1733 17,33±2 167 16,72 183 18,37± 385 38,56 393 39,38± 14990 149,90± 15830 158,30±1 169 16,96 173 17,33± 16,7 18,37 38,5 39,38 1499 149,90 1583 158,30± 16,9 17,33 16, 18,3 38, 39,3 149,9 158,30 17,3 18, 39, 149, 158,3 17, 158,

RESUMO Introdução: O resultado dos exercícios fornece um parâmetro importante para a avaliação do impacto das atividades aeróbicas sobre os atletas. Acredita-se que o treinamento cíclico possa desempenhar melhores resultados devido a sua combinação de movimentos funcionais. Objetivo: Estudar como o treinamento cíclico afeta aptidão física no desempenho dos movimentos da ginástica aeróbica em seus praticantes. Métodos: Foram selecionados 90 atletas praticantes de ginástica aeróbica, divididos aleatoriamente em grupo experimental e controle, para uma experiência com duração de 9 semanas. Enquanto o grupo de controle praticou os exercícios cotidianos, ao grupo experimental foi adicionado um protocolo de treinamento cíclico. Testes foram executados antes e após a intervenção para mensurar qualquer variação na aptidão física dos atletas. Resultados: O índice de levantamento de peso terra em um minuto no grupo experimental elevou-se de 16,72±4,98 para 18,37±4,16, a quantidade de levantamentos por minuto foi incrementada de 38,56±8,50 para 39,38±7,35, o número de saltos de corda em um minuto também se elevou de 149,90±14,67 para 158,30±11,52, e o ganho no exercício de apoios verticais e horizontais em 30 segundos evoluiu de 16,96±2,21 para 17,33±2,42. O grupo experimental também obteve melhoras significativas após o treinamento de circulação, enquanto as mudanças de dados dos dois grupos no grupo de controle não foram tão evidentes quanto as do grupo experimental. Conclusão: A combinação do treinamento cíclico ao treinamento diário pode efetivamente melhorar o desempenho funcional dos praticantes de ginástica aeróbica. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento. Introdução Acreditase Acredita funcionais Objetivo Métodos semanas cotidianos Resultados elevouse 1672498 16 72 4 98 16,72±4,9 1837416 18 37 18,37±4,16 3856850 38 56 8 50 38,56±8,5 3938735 39 7 35 39,38±7,35 149901467 149 14 67 149,90±14,6 158301152 158 11 52 158,30±11,52 3 1696221 96 2 21 16,96±2,2 1733242 17 33 42 17,33±2,42 circulação Conclusão II tratamento 167249 1 16,72±4, 183741 18,37±4,1 385685 5 38,56±8, 393873 39,38±7,3 14990146 6 149,90±14, 15830115 15 158,30±11,5 169622 16,96±2, 173324 17,33±2,4 16724 16,72±4 18374 18,37±4, 38568 38,56±8 39387 39,38±7, 1499014 149,90±14 1583011 158,30±11, 16962 16,96±2 17332 17,33±2, 1672 16,72± 1837 18,37±4 3856 38,56± 3938 39,38±7 149901 149,90±1 158301 158,30±11 1696 16,96± 1733 17,33±2 167 16,72 183 18,37± 385 38,56 393 39,38± 14990 149,90± 15830 158,30±1 169 16,96 173 17,33± 16,7 18,37 38,5 39,38 1499 149,90 1583 158,30± 16,9 17,33 16, 18,3 38, 39,3 149,9 158,30 17,3 18, 39, 149, 158,3 17, 158,

ABSTRACT Introduction: The results of the exercises provide an important parameter for evaluating the impact of aerobic activities on athletes. Cyclic training is believed to perform better due to its combination of functional movements. Objective: Study how cyclic training affects fitness in the performance of aerobic gymnastic movements in its practitioners. Methods: 90 athletes practicing aerobic gymnastics were selected, and randomly divided into experimental and control groups, for a 9-week experiment. While the control group practiced the daily exercises, the experimental group added a cyclic training protocol. Tests were performed before and after the intervention to measure any variation in the athletes' fitness. Results: The rate of ground weight lifting in one minute in the experimental group increased from 16.72±4.98 to 18.37±4.16, the number of lifts per minute was increased from 38.56±8.50 to 39.38±7.35, the number of rope jumps in one minute also increased from 149.90±14.67 to 158.30±11.52, and the gain in the exercise of vertical and horizontal supports in 30 seconds evolved from 16.96±2.21 to 17.33±2.42. The experimental group also achieved significant improvements after the circulation training. In contrast, the changes in the data of both groups in the control group were not as evident as those in the experimental group. Conclusion: The combination of cycling and daily training can effectively improve the functional performance of aerobic gymnasts. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies -investigation of treatment outcomes. Introduction Objective practitioners Methods 9 selected 9week week experiment protocol Results 1672498 16 72 4 98 16.72±4.9 1837416 18 37 18.37±4.16 3856850 38 56 8 50 38.56±8.5 3938735 39 7 35 39.38±7.35 149901467 149 14 67 149.90±14.6 158301152 158 11 52 158.30±11.52 3 1696221 96 2 21 16.96±2.2 1733242 17 33 42 17.33±2.42 contrast Conclusion gymnasts II investigation outcomes 167249 1 16.72±4. 183741 18.37±4.1 385685 5 38.56±8. 393873 39.38±7.3 14990146 6 149.90±14. 15830115 15 158.30±11.5 169622 16.96±2. 173324 17.33±2.4 16724 16.72±4 18374 18.37±4. 38568 38.56±8 39387 39.38±7. 1499014 149.90±14 1583011 158.30±11. 16962 16.96±2 17332 17.33±2. 1672 16.72± 1837 18.37±4 3856 38.56± 3938 39.38±7 149901 149.90±1 158301 158.30±11 1696 16.96± 1733 17.33±2 167 16.72 183 18.37± 385 38.56 393 39.38± 14990 149.90± 15830 158.30±1 169 16.96 173 17.33± 16.7 18.37 38.5 39.38 1499 149.90 1583 158.30± 16.9 17.33 16. 18.3 38. 39.3 149.9 158.30 17.3 18. 39. 149. 158.3 17. 158.