Abstract Background Stroke is a major global public health problem, affecting 13.7 million people worldwide. Previous studies have found a neuroprotective effect of hypothermia therapy and the efficacy and safety of combined hypothermia and mechanical thrombectomy or thrombolysis in the treatment of ischemic stroke have also attracted attention. Objective In the present research, the authors conducted a meta-analysis to comprehensively assess the safety and efficacy of hypothermia combining mechanical thrombectomy or thrombolysis in the treatment of ischemic stroke. Methods Articles published from January 2001 to May 2022 were searched from Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar and PubMed to evaluate the clinical significance of hypothermia treatment in ischemic stroke. Complications, short-term mortality, and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) in the full text was extracted. Results 89 publications were selected and 9 among them were included in this study with sample size of 643. All selected studies are in accordance with the inclusion criteria. Forest plot of clinical characteristics was as follows: complications (RR = 1.132, 95% CI 0.942‒1.361, p = 0.186, I2= 37.2%), mortality within 3 months (RR = 1.076, 95% CI 0.694‒1.669, p = 0.744, I2= 0.00%), mRS ≤ 1 at 3 months (RR = 1.138, 95% CI 0.829‒1.563, p = 0.423, I2= 26.0%), mRS ≤ 2 at 3 months (RR = 1.672, 95% CI 1.236‒2.263, p = 0.001, I2=49.6%) and mRS ≤ 3 at 3 months (RR = 1.518, 95% CI 1.128‒2.043, p = 0.006, I2= 0.00%). The funnel plot suggested that there was no significant publication bias in the meta-analysis on complications, mortality within 3 months, mRS ≤ 1 at 3 months and mRS ≤ 2 at 3 months. Conclusion In summary, the results showed that hypothermia treatment was correlated with mRS ≤ 2 at 3 months, but not linked with complications and mortality within 3 months. problem 137 13 7 13. worldwide attention research metaanalysis meta analysis 200 202 Complications shortterm short term (mRS extracted 8 643 criteria follows RR 1132 132 1.132 95 09421361 0 942 361 0.942‒1.361 0186 186 0.186 I2 I 37.2%, 372 37.2% , 37 37.2%) 1076 076 1.076 06941669 694 669 0.694‒1.669 0744 744 0.744 0.00%, 000 0.00% 00 0.00%) 1138 138 1.138 08291563 829 563 0.829‒1.563 0423 423 0.423 26.0%, 260 26.0% 26 26.0%) 1672 672 1.672 12362263 236 263 1.236‒2.263 0001 001 0.001 I2=49.6% I2496 49 6 1518 518 1.518 11282043 128 043 1.128‒2.043 0006 006 0.006 0.00%. . summary 20 64 113 1.13 0942136 94 36 0.942‒1.36 018 18 0.18 37.2 107 07 1.07 0694166 69 66 0.694‒1.66 074 74 0.74 0.00 0829156 82 56 0.829‒1.56 042 42 0.42 26.0 167 67 1.67 1236226 23 1.236‒2.26 I2=49.6 I249 4 151 51 1.51 1128204 12 04 1.128‒2.04 11 1.1 094213 0.942‒1.3 01 0.1 37. 10 1.0 069416 0.694‒1.6 0.7 0.0 082915 5 0.829‒1.5 0.4 26. 16 1.6 123622 1.236‒2.2 I2=49. I24 15 1.5 112820 1.128‒2.0 1. 09421 0.942‒1. 0. 06941 0.694‒1. 08291 0.829‒1. 12362 1.236‒2. I2=49 11282 1.128‒2. 0942 0.942‒1 0694 0.694‒1 0829 0.829‒1 1236 1.236‒2 I2=4 1128 1.128‒2 094 0.942‒ 069 0.694‒ 082 0.829‒ 123 1.236‒ 112 1.128‒ 09 0.942 06 0.694 08 0.829 1.236 1.128 0.94 0.69 0.82 1.23 1.12 0.9 0.6 0.8 1.2

OBJECTIVES: Hip fractures are a worldwide public health problem. The incidence of hip fracture is high among the elderly, and it is an important cause of death and disability in this population. This observational study aimed to investigate the effect of acute hip fracture on the recovery of neurological function and the prognosis of patients with acute cerebral infarction, as well as whether surgical treatment of combined acute fracture can improve the prognosis of patients. METHODS: Thirty patients with acute cerebral infarction combined with acute hip fracture, who were hospitalized in two hospitals between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2019, were included. The patients did not undergo surgical treatment. The control group included patients with common acute cerebral infarction without hip fracture admitted in the same period. The neurological function recovery, hospitalization period, half a year recovery rate, incidence of complications, and one-year mortality rate between the two groups were compared. Eleven patients with acute cerebral infarction combined with hip fracture, who underwent surgical treatment, were selected and compared with those in the non-surgery group. RESULTS: Compared with patients with common acute cerebral infarction, the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of those with acute cerebral infarction combined with hip fracture was higher (7.2±5.4 vs. 5.6%±4.3, p=0.034), the hospitalization period was prolonged (16.1±8.9% vs. 12.2±5.3, p=0.041), and the half a year recovery rate was lower (26.7% vs. 53.3%, p=0.016). Additionally, the incidence of pulmonary infection and lower extremity deep vein thrombosis was increased (30% vs. 11.7%, p=0.03; 6.7% vs. 0, p=0.043). The one-year mortality rate of patients with hip fracture was higher than that of patients with common cerebral infarction (23.3% vs. 6.7%, p=0.027). Compared with the non-surgical group, the good recovery rate after half a year of surgical treatment of the group with cerebral infarction and acute hip fracture had an increasing trend, while the hospitalization cycle, incidence of complications, and one-year mortality rate were all decreased, although this was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Acute cerebral infarction combined with hip fracture leads to worse neurological recovery, prolonged hospitalization period, increased complications, decreased patient prognosis, and increased one-year mortality. Surgical treatment improves the prognosis of patients with acute cerebral infarction. These findings may provide insights into the management of acute cerebral infarction.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of 3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) on a 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced cellular model of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and to illustrate the potential mechanism of autophagy in this process. For this purpose, rat PC12 pheochromocytoma cells were treated with MPP+ (1 mM) for 24 h following pretreatment with NBP (0.1 mM). Cell metabolic viability was determined by the MTT assay and cell ultrastructure was examined by transmission electron microscopy. The intracellular distribution and expression of α-synuclein and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) were detected by immunocytochemistry and Western blotting. Our results demonstrated that: 1) NBP prevented MPP+-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells by promoting metabolic viability. 2) NBP induced the accumulation of autophagosomes in MPP+-treated PC12 cells. 3) Further study of the molecular mechanism demonstrated that NBP enhanced the colocalization of α-synuclein and LC3 and up-regulated the protein level of LC3-II. These results demonstrate that NBP protects PC12 cells against MPP+-induced neurotoxicity by activating autophagy-mediated α-synuclein degradation, implying that it may be a potential effective therapeutic agent for the treatment of PD.