Abstract Background As a progressive cerebrovascular disease, Moyamoya Disease (MMD) is a common cause of stroke in children and adults. However, the early biomarkers and pathogenesis of MMD remain poorly understood. Methods and material This study was conducted using plasma exosome samples from MMD patients. Next-generation high-throughput sequencing, real-time quantitative PCR, gene ontology analysis, and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis of ideal exosomal miRNAs that could be used as potential biomarkers of MMD were performed. The area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of biomarkers for predicting events. Results Exosomes were successfully isolated and miRNA-sequence analysis yielded 1,002 differentially expressed miRNAs. Functional analysis revealed that they were mainly enriched in axon guidance, regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and the MAPK signaling pathway. Furthermore, 10 miRNAs (miR-1306-5p, miR-196b-5p, miR-19a-3p, miR-22-3p, miR-320b, miR-34a-5p, miR-485-3p, miR-489-3p, miR-501-3p, and miR-487-3p) were found to be associated with the most sensitive and specific pathways for MMD prediction. Conclusions Several plasma secretory miRNAs closely related to the development of MMD have been identified, which can be used as biomarkers of MMD and contribute to differentiating MMD from non-MMD patients before digital subtraction angiography. disease (MMD adults However understood Nextgeneration Next generation highthroughput high throughput sequencing realtime real time PCR performed ROC (ROC events miRNAsequence miRNA sequence 1002 1 002 1,00 guidance Furthermore miR13065p, miR13065p miRp miR 1306 5p, 5p p (miR-1306-5p miR196b5p, miR196b5p miRbp 196b b miR-196b-5p miR19a3p, miR19a3p miRap 19a 3p, 3p miR-19a-3p miR223p, miR223p 22 miR-22-3p miR320b, miR320b miRb 320b, 320b miR-320b miR34a5p, miR34a5p 34a miR-34a-5p miR4853p, miR4853p 485 miR-485-3p miR4893p, miR4893p 489 miR-489-3p miR5013p, miR5013p 501 miR-501-3p miR4873p 487 miR-487-3p prediction identified nonMMD non angiography 100 00 1,0 130 2 48 50 0 1, 13 4 5

RESUMEN Este estudio parte de un deslizamiento de tierra en el corte de una pendiente en la estación de ferrocarril oeste de Chongqing, en la China central. Este corte se encuentra en el echado abajo de una pendiente de lutita, lo que significa que su ángulo de inmersión es mayor que el ángulo de inclinación y está compuesto de roca blanda. Se han realizado algunas investigaciones en el sitio para explorar las características de deformación de esta pendiente. El resultado sugiere que existía deformación por deslizamiento, pandeo y caída en sus diferentes partes. Para dilucidar el complejo mecanismo de falla que se ve en la pendiente de inmersión bajo la influencia a largo plazo de la gravedad y el deterioro del material, se ha empleado el método de elementos discretos en simulaciones. Los patrones de falla simulados han demostrado ser acordes con la falla real de la pendiente. Este estudio sugiere que el deslizamiento, el pandeo y el vuelco ocurren en diferentes partes de la pendiente estudiada en secuencia.

ABSTRACT Depart point of this study was a landslide that occurred in the cut slope at the Chongqing west railway station, in central China. This slope belongs to an under-dip shale slope, which means that its bedding dip angle is larger than the slope angle, and it is comprised of soft rock. Some on-site investigations were made to explore the deformation characteristics of this slope; the outcome suggested that sliding, buckling, and toppling deformation existed at its different parts. The discrete element method was employed in simulations to elucidate the complex failure mechanism exhibited by the under-dip slope under the long-term influence of gravity and material deterioration. The simulated failure patterns have proven to be in strong agreement with the actual slope failure. This study suggests that sliding, buckling, and toppling occur at different parts of the studied slope in sequence.

The discussion of negative-velocity feedback control gain Ci is presented in this paper. For all the existing models, they normally neglect the electric charge of the actuator introduced by the mechanical force applied on the smart-composite structure. In this paper, the electric charge of the actuator is considered and the expression of the feedback control gain Gi is also studied. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the scale of the feedback control gain.