ABSTRACT This paper deals with the Argentinian economic crisis of 2018. We argue that the crisis was brought about by the process of financial fragility directly related to the choice of economic policy made by the Macri government. That fragility came to manifest in a moment of reversal in the external scenario in 2018. In our analysis, we have gathered evidence on the macroeconomic performance of Argentina to present an interpretation based on the concepts of asymmetry of power in the monetary and financial international system, external vulnerability, and sudden stop crisis. 2018 government analysis system vulnerability 201 20 2

RESUMO Este artigo aborda a crise econômica argentina de 2018. Sustentamos que a crise foi ocasionada por um processo de fragilização financeira diretamente relacionado às opções de política econômica do governo Macri, que acabou por se manifestar num momento de reversão do cenário externo em 2018. Em nossa análise, reunimos evidência empírica sobre a performance macroeconômica argentina e buscamos, na literatura teórica sobre os conceitos de assimetria de poder no sistema monetário e financeiro internacional e de vulnerabilidade externa, combinados à noção de crise de parada súbita, uma interpretação para a crise daquele país. 2018 Macri análise buscamos externa súbita país 201 20 2

Resumo Este artigo aborda os desafios enfrentados pelas Instituições Financeiras de Desenvolvimento Regional (IFDRs) no Brasil, sugerindo algumas condições para a melhora no financiamento de longo prazo. O artigo destaca a importância do Sistema Nacional de Fomento, traça um breve histórico das instituições financeiras de desenvolvimento brasileiras, aponta limitações a serem superadas e condições para que as IFDR assumam um papel mais efetivo no desenvolvimento nacional. As proposições de política pública voltadas ao fortalecimento das instituições regionais expressam o conteúdo dos debates mantidos no âmbito da Associação Brasileira de Desenvolvimento, o principal fórum de representação das instituições de fomento.

Abstract This paper addresses the challenges faced by the Regional Development Financial Institutions (RDFI) in Brazil, assessing both the dilemmas and the conditions for the improvement of long-term financing in the country. Propositions for public policy aimed at strengthening the regional institutions, which is the main focus of the paper, express the contents of the debates held at the Brazilian Development Association, the development institutions’ forum. The paper highlights the importance of the National System of Development Financial Institutions, traces a brief history of the Brazilian RDFI to the present day, and points out both limitations to be overcome and conditions for the regional DFI to assume a more effective role in national development.

Este artigo apresenta uma análise do conteúdo normativo de acordos coletivos em comparação com a legislação estatal, com o objetivo de verificar se, e em que medida, as negociações coletivas de trabalho criaram regras não previstas no amplo conjunto de normas estatais que caracteriza o sistema brasileiro de relações de trabalho. Trata-se de um estudo empírico com base em dados de unidades de negociação da indústria do Rio Grande do Sul, no período entre 1978 e 1995. A evidência sugere que as negociações coletivas fortaleceram-se na sua função regulatória, fazendo crescer o conjunto de direitos dos empregados, ao mesmo tempo em que também propiciaram o ajuste de regras de interesse dos empregadores.

This paper analyses normative contents of collective agreements vis-à-vis brazilian labour legislation in order to assess whether collective bargaining stipulated rules which had not been already fixed in the vast set of statutory rules that characterises the brazilian industrial relations system. This analysis has been carried out through an empirical study of 17 bargaining units in manufacturing in the state of Rio Grande do Sul between 1978 and 1995. Evidence suggests that collective bargaining increased its importance in job regulation by both enlarging employee rights and setting down some rules of employers' interest.

This paper addresses John Thomas Dunlop's Industrial Relations Systems,a book that has exerted enormous influence on research concerning employment relations in the Anglo-American industrial relations tradition in the last 50 years. Following a note on the author and commentary on the academic context in which the book emerged, the paper revisits "employment relations system" as a key concept and presents the elements of such a system according to Dunlop's analytical framework. Two brief sections complete the paper, one inquiring into the lack of references to Dunlop by Brazilian researchers and the other drawing some essential lessons from the book.

Dans cet article, on présente l'oeuvre Industrial Relations Systems, de John Thomas Dunlop, publiée en 1958, qui a exercé une grande influence dans l'étude des relations du travail dans l'industrie selon la tradition anglo-américaine des Industrial relations au long des 50 dernières années. Outre une note biographique sur l'auteur et la présentation du cadre universitaire à l'origine de l'ouvrage, dans cet article on réexamine le concept-clé de système des relations du travail dans l'industrie tout en présentant les éléments qui composent ce système en accord avec le caractère analytique de Dunlop. Deux brèves sections complètent l'article: l'une sur les raisons de l'absence de Dunlop au Brésil, et l'autre tirant quelques leçons du livre.

This paper analyses the relationship between bargaining outcomes in seventeen units regarding the manufacturing sector in Rio Grande do Sul, and change in the relevant economic environment from 1979 to 1995. Theories on the determinants of bargaining outcomes are discussed in order to provide a basis for hypothesizing about the specific case. Statistical outcomes suggest that collective bargaining have been basically influenced by unemployment, manufacturing relative prices, the stabilization policies starting in 1986, and, specifically for negotiated minimum wages, change in the official rates of minimum wages.

The article describes the exercise of normative power by the Brazilian Labor Court System and examines the possible consequences of rulings by the Superior Labor Court (TST) on collective bargaining in the 1980s and 1990s. The case law of the TST, consolidated through normative case precedents and other instruments, is analyzed by constructing indicators to evaluate the Higher Court’s approach. The results demonstrate a significant change during the 1990s, when the TST increasingly declined to rule on collective agreements, after having taken a more proactive line in the 1980s. The article suggests that during both decades the approach adopted by the Superior Labor Court had an affect on the collective bargaining process.

Dans cet article, on présente l'exercice du pouvoir normatif de la Justice du Travail et on examine les possibles effets de la conduite du Tribunal Supérieur du Travail - TST sur les négociations collectives pendant les années 1980 et 1990. Ainsi, la jurisprudence du TST, renforcée dans des précédents normatifs et par d'autres instruments, est analysée par le moyen d'indicateurs permettant d'évaluer la conduite de la Cour Supérieure. Selon les résultats, il y a eu un changement significatif dans les années 1990, quand le TST a graduellement négligé le jugement des litiges, contrairement aux années 1980 où il avait adopté une ligne plutôt active. Dans ces deux périodes, on avance que la conduite du judiciaire a influencé les négociations collectives du travail.