ABSTRACT Objective Weight regain is a common outcome of weight loss interventions. Mental health-related comorbidities, among other factors, can mediate weight regain regardless of the implemented treatment modality. This study explores whether postoperative psychopathological comorbidities are associated with weight regain after bariatric surgery. Subjects and methods This cross-sectional study recruited 90 outpatients who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Anthropometric measurements were collected retrospectively from medical charts. The Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder-IV (DSM-IV) Axis I Disorders (SCID-I) was applied to evaluate psychiatry diagnoses. Validated self-report instruments were used to assess depression, anxiety, alcohol use, impulsivity, binge eating, and body image dissatisfaction. Weight regain was defined as a ≥20% increase from the maximum weight lost. Level of evidence: Level III, cross-sectional study based on a well-designed study. Results Overall, 55.6% of participants experienced weight regain. Notably, mental disorders such as current binge-eating disorder and lifetime diagnoses including bulimia nervosa, alcohol abuse/dependence, and obsessive-compulsive disorder were significantly associated with weight regain. However, controlled analysis found that, for mental disorders, only current binge-eating disorder (odds ratio [OR] 6.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.26-31.06, p = 0.024) remained associated with weight regain. Eating-related psychopathologies also associated with weight regain included binge eating (d = 0.55; p = 0.013), eating disinhibition (d = 0.76; p = 0.001), higher hunger levels (d = 0.39; p = 0.004), and non-planning trait impulsivity (d = 0.69; p = 0.0001). Conclusion Postoperative presence of psychopathological comorbidities, such as eating psychopathology and trait impulsivity, were associated with weight regain after bariatric surgery. These findings highlight the importance of addressing mental health in individuals experiencing postsurgical weight regain. interventions healthrelated related factors modality surgery crosssectional cross sectional 9 RouxenY Roux en Y charts DisorderIV Disorder IV DSMIV DSM (DSM-IV SCIDI SCID (SCID-I selfreport self report depression anxiety use dissatisfaction 20 ≥20 lost evidence III welldesigned well designed Overall 556 55 6 55.6 Notably bingeeating nervosa abusedependence abuse dependence abuse/dependence obsessivecompulsive obsessive compulsive However that odds OR [OR 63 3 6.3 95 CI [CI 1.2631.06, 1263106 1.26 31.06, 1 26 31 06 1.26-31.06 0.024 0024 0 024 Eatingrelated Eating d 0.55 055 0.013, 0013 0.013 , 013 0.013) 0.76 076 76 0.001, 0001 0.001 001 0.001) 0.39 039 39 0.004, 0004 0.004 004 0.004) nonplanning non planning 0.69 069 69 0.0001. 00001 0.0001 . 0.0001) 2 ≥2 5 55. 6. 2631 1.2631.06 126310 126 1.2 3106 31.06 1.26-31.0 0.02 002 02 0.5 05 0.01 01 0.7 07 7 000 0.00 00 0.3 03 0.6 0000 0.000 ≥ 263 1.2631.0 12631 12 1. 310 31.0 1.26-31. 0.0 0. 1.2631. 1263 31. 1.26-31 1.2631 1.26-3 1.263 1.26-

Objective: To investigate Brazilian psychiatrists’ knowledge of and perceived confidence in diagnosis and evidence-based treatment recommendations for eating disorders. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 259 psychiatrists filled out an online form including sociodemographic data and questions about the diagnosis and treatment of eating disorders based on standard guidelines. The sample’s knowledge level and perceived confidence regarding eating disorders were characterized using descriptive statistics. Results: The sample, which was predominantly women (65.64%), had a mean age of 42.86 years, was from southeastern Brazil (56.37%), worked predominantly in private practice (59.85%), and had less than 10 years of experience in psychiatry (51.74%). We found that 33.21% of the participants correctly identified the diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa, 29.73% for bulimia nervosa, and 38.22% for binge eating disorders. Correct answers for therapeutic options were similar for bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder (20.8%) but were considerably lower for anorexia nervosa (2.7%). The participants’ training about eating disorders occurred during medical school (15.1%), medical residency/graduate study (59.8%), or as continuing education (58.7%). Only 8.89% felt satisfied with their training about eating disorders, 50.97% felt confident diagnosing eating disorders, and 37.07% felt confident about treating patients with eating disorders. Conclusion: These results show an important knowledge gap about eating disorders among Brazilian psychiatrists, which affects their confidence and competence in treating patients with eating disorders. Objective evidencebased evidence Methods crosssectional cross sectional 25 guidelines samples sample s statistics Results 65.64%, 6564 65.64% , 65 64 (65.64%) 4286 42 86 42.8 56.37%, 5637 56.37% 56 37 (56.37%) 59.85%, 5985 59.85% 59 85 (59.85%) 1 51.74%. 5174 51.74% . 51 74 (51.74%) 3321 33 21 33.21 2973 29 73 29.73 3822 38 22 38.22 20.8% 208 20 8 (20.8% 2.7%. 27 2.7% 2 7 (2.7%) 15.1%, 151 15.1% 15 (15.1%) residencygraduate residency graduate 59.8%, 598 59.8% (59.8%) 58.7%. 587 58.7% 58 (58.7%) 889 89 8.89 5097 50 97 50.97 3707 07 37.07 Conclusion 656 65.64 6 (65.64% 428 4 42. 563 56.37 5 3 (56.37% 59.85 (59.85% 517 51.74 (51.74% 332 33.2 297 29.7 382 38.2 20.8 (20.8 2.7 (2.7% 15.1 (15.1% 59.8 (59.8% 58.7 (58.7% 88 8.8 509 9 50.9 370 0 37.0 65.6 (65.64 56.3 (56.37 (59.85 51.7 (51.74 33. 29. 38. 20. (20. 2. (2.7 15. (15.1 59. (59.8 58. (58.7 8. 50. 37. 65. (65.6 56. (56.3 51. (51.7 (20 (2. (15. (59. (58. (65. (56. (51. (2 (15 (59 (58 (65 (56 (51 ( (1 (5 (6