INTRODUÇÃO: No ambiente hospitalar, são frequentes as infecções por leveduras do gênero Candida spp., o que torna esse assunto um importante alvo de estudos. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o perfil de suscetibilidade aos antifúngicos de espécies de Candida de pacientes internados no Hospital Universitário Regional de Maringá-PR (HURM). MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: As amostras foram submetidas ao teste de microdiluição em caldo (MD), segundo o documento M27-A3 para determinação da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM), e ao teste de difusão em disco de acordo com o documento M44-A2, ambos do Clinical Laboratory Standarts Institute (CLSI). RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: Foram obtidos 91 isolados provenientes de amostras de urina, hemocultura, ponta de cateter, secreção orotraqueal, entre outros, sendo 38 Candida albicans, 23 C. tropicalis, 16 C. gabrata, 10 C. parapsilosis e quatro C. krusei. Dos antifúngicos testados, anfotericina B, voriconazol e anidulafungina foram os mais eficazes. CONCLUSÃO: A comparação entre as metodologias de microdiluição em caldo e disco difusão (DD) mostrou boa correlação para fluconazol para a maioria das espécies de Candida spp., sendo possível destacar que a DD é útil para triagem dos principais antifúngicos usados na prática clínica. No entanto, casos de resistência detectados por DD devem ser confirmados por meio do método de MD, evitando, assim, resultados falsos resistentes, melhorando a eficácia e a segurança do tratamento.

INTRODUCTION: Due to the ubiquity of nosocomial yeast infections of the genus Candida spp., studies in this area have become increasingly relevant. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the antifungal Candida spp. susceptibility profile of hospitalized patients from the Regional University Hospital of Maringá-PR (HURM). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The samples were submitted to broth microdilution test (MD) according to protocol M27-A3 in order to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and disk diffusion test according to protocol M44-A2, both from Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: We obtained 91 isolates from urine samples, blood culture, catheter tip, endotracheal secretions, among others, from which 38 were Candida albicans, 23 were C. tropicalis, 16 were C. gabrata, 10 were C. parapsilosis, and four were C. krusei. Among the tested antifungal medications, amphotericin B, voriconazole and anidulafungin proved to be the most effective. CONCLUSION: In the comparison between broth microdilution and disk diffusion (DD) methods, fluconazole showed good correlation for most Candida spp., which corroborates the usefulness of DD in the screening of main antifungal agents used in clinical practice. Nonetheless, cases of resistance detected by DD need to be confirmed by MD method, which avoids false-resistant results and maximizes the treatment efficacy and reliability.

Oropharyngeal candidiasis is the most common fungal infection among patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and is treated empirically with topical or systemic antifungals. The objective of the present study was to investigate the possible antifungal action of the hydroalcoholic extract of Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe, Zingiberaceae, on yeasts in this population. Samples were collected from HIV-positive patients who attended the Laboratory for Teaching and Research in Clinical Analysis at the Universidade Estadual de Maringá for routine exams. The isolated yeasts were identified at the genus and species levels through classical methodology. Next, tests of microdilution in broth were carried out to determine the profile of susceptibility of these yeasts towards the hydroalcoholic extract of C. zedoaria, following methodology standardised by the CLSI (2002). A total of 53 yeasts were identified, 49 of them C. albicans, two C. tropicalis and two C. glabrata. These yeasts were inhibited by low concentrations of the extract of C. zedoaria (between 1.95 and 15.63 μg/mL). In addition, 7.82 μg/mL inhibited 90% of the yeasts. Our results indicate a potent antifungal action for C. zedoaria and suggest more detailed studies with a view towards the practical application of this phytomedicine in topical pharmaceutical forms for the treatment of oral candidosis or candidiasis.

A candidíase orofaríngea é a infecção fúngica mais comum entre os pacientes infectados pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana e seu tratamento é realizado com antifúngicos tópicos ou sistêmicos, que são indicados empiricamente com base em dados clínicos. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a freqüência de leveduras em lavados bucais de indivíduos HIV positivos, comparando os resultados entre pacientes com diferentes condições de imunodeficiência e verificar o perfil de susceptibilidade das espécies isoladas frente aos antifúngicos visando avaliar se as opções de tratamento utilizadas na prática clínica atingem a maioria das espécies identificadas. Leveduras foram isoladas em 58% das amostras de lavado bucal coletadas e Candida albicans foi a espécie mais (93%) freqüente. Resistência ou susceptibilidade dose dependente, frente aos antifúngicos testados foi registrada em aproximadamente 17% das amostras. A importante variabilidade de resposta sugere limitações quanto à eficácia das terapias instituídas empiricamente.

Oropharyngeal candidiasis is the most common fungal infection among patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. It can be treated with either systemic or topical antifungal agents, which are indicated empirically on the basis of clinical data. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of yeast in mouthwashes from HIV-positive patients, compare the results between patients presenting different states of immunodeficiency, and investigate the susceptibility profile of the species isolated in relation to antifungal agents, with the aim of evaluating whether the treatments used in clinical practice are able to reach the majority of the species identified. Yeasts were isolated from 58% of the mouthwash samples collected. Candida albicans was the most (93%) frequent species. Resistance or dose-dependent susceptibility in relation to the antifungal agent tested was registered in approximately 17% of the samples. The significant variability of responses suggests that there are limitations regarding the effectiveness of the empirical therapies instituted.

FUNDAMENTOS: Onicomicoses são afecções ungueais de origem infecciosa causadas por fungos e estão entre as principais onicopatias em todo o mundo. OBJETIVOS: Determinar a freqüência de leveduras como agentes etiológicos de onicomicoses na cidade de Maringá, PR, Brasil. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Realizou-se um estudo retrospectivo do período entre janeiro de 1997 e dezembro de 2004, em que foram avaliados os resultados de 1.295 pacientes com suspeita de onicomicose, recebidos no Laboratório de Ensino e Pesquisa em Análises Clínicas da Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Paraná, Brasil. RESULTADOS: A confirmação micológica de onicomicose ocorreu em 761 (58,76%) desses pacientes. As mulheres foram responsáveis por 71% das onicomicoses, e os homens, por 29%. A prevalência nas unhas das mãos foi de 28,67% e nas unhas dos pés, 71,33%. Em relação aos agentes, as leveduras foram mais freqüentemente isoladas (46,39%), seguidas pelos dermatófitos (40,60%) e pelos fungos filamentosos não dermatófitos (13,01%). CONCLUSÃO: A alta freqüência de fungos leveduriformes em onicomicoses indica aprimoramento nas técnicas diagnósticas de confirmação laboratorial de fungos oportunistas. Esses resultados, associados à abordagem clínica do paciente, possibilitam maior segurança no diagnóstico e tratamento.

INTRODUCTION: Onychomycoses are infectious ungueal diseases caused by fungi and represent the major onychopathies all over the world. OBJECTIVES: To determine the frequency of yeasts as etiological agents of onychomycoses in the city of Maringa, Parana, Brazil. METHODS: A retrospective study from January 1997 to December 2004. Results of 1295 patients with suspected onychomycosis were evaluated; tests were performed at the Teaching and Research Pathology Laboratory at the Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Parana, Brazil. RESULTS: Onychomycosis was confirmed by mycological exam in 761 (58.76%) patients; 71% females and 29.00% males. The prevalence in fingernails was 28.67% and in toenails, 71.33%. As to agents, yeasts were most frequently isolated (46.39%), followed by dermatophytes (40.60%) and nondermatophytic filamentous fungi or moulds (13.01%). CONCLUSIONS: The high frequency of yeasts in onychomycosis indicates improvement in the laboratorial diagnostic techniques for opportunistic fungi. Associating results and clinical management enabled safer diagnosis and treatment.