Se recolectaron estadios adultos de ácaros Ixodidae de vicuñas silvestres (Vicugna vicugna, Molina 1782) capturadas en tres localizaciones del Área Natural de Manejo Integrado Nacional Apolobamba, en el Departamento de La Paz, Bolivia. Las garrapatas duras recolectadas correspondieron a la especie Amblyomma parvitarsum (Neumann, 1901). Este trabajo se constituye en el segundo reporte de A. parvitarsum en Bolivia y el primero que confirma a vicuñas como hospedadores definitivos en la región Andina de este país.

Adult stage Ixodidae mites were collected from wild vicuna (Vicugna vicugna Molina 1782), captured at three locations from the Área Natural de Manejo Integrado Nacional Apolobamba, in the Department of La Paz, Bolivia. The collected ticks corresponded to the species Amblyomma parvitarsum (Neumann 1901). This paper constitutes the second report of A. parvitarsum in Bolivia and the first confirmed report for vicuna as definitive hosts in the Andean region of this country.

There are only 33 records of rodents of the subfamily Caviinae Fischer de Waldheim, 1817 (Hystricognathi: Caviidae) infested by hard ticks in South America, where the subfamily is established. Caviinae is formed by three genera: Cavia Pallas, 1766, Galea Meyen, 1833 and Microcavia Gervais and Ameghino, 1880. Records of Amblyomma pictum Neumann, 1906, A. dissimile Koch, 1844 and A. pseudoparvum Guglielmone, Keirans and Mangold, 1990 are considered doubtful. Bona fide records are all for localities south of the Amazonian basin in Argentina, Bolivia, Uruguay and Brazil. Thirteen records are for A. tigrinum Koch, 1844, four for A. triste Koch, 1844, three for A. parvum Aragão, 1908 (larvae and nymphs of these three species), one for A. cajennense (Fabricius, 1787) (nymph), four for Ixodes longiscutatus Boero, 1944 (females, nymphs and larvae) and one record for I. loricatus Neumann, 1899 (female). Rodents of the subfamily Caviinae are vital for the life cycle of A. tigrinum and A. parvum and probably for A. triste and I. longiscutatus. It is hypothesized that Ixodidae precedes Caviinae in establishment in South America (Neotropical), therefore this host-relationship is relatively recent measured in evolutionary times starting in late Miocene or afterwards. Rodents of the subfamily Caviinae appears to be relevant for the life cycle and speciation of hard ticks in South America as shown by studies carried out in Argentina and Uruguay. This role has been hidden presumably because this type of hosts was ignored in most ecological tick studies performed in South America.

Existen solamente 33 registros de roedores de la subfamilia Caviinae Fischer de Waldheim, 1817 (Hystricognathi: Caviidae) infestados por garrapatas duras en Sudamérica, donde la subfamilia está establecida. Caviinae está formado por los géneros Cavia Pallas, 1766, Galea Meyen, 1833 y Microcavia Gervais y Ameghino, 1880. Los registros de Amblyomma pictum Neumann, 1906, A. dissimile Koch, 1844 y A. pseudoparvum Guglielmone, Keirans y Mangold, 1990 son considerados dudosos. Registros fehacientes fueron realizados al sur de la Amazonia, en Argentina, Bolivia Uruguay y Brasil. Trece registros son para A. tigrinum Koch, 1844, cuatro para A. triste Koch, 1844, tres para A. parvum Aragão, 1908, uno para A. cajennense (Fabricius, 1787), cuatro para Ixodes longiscutatus Boero, 1944 y uno para I. loricatus Neumann, 1899. Los roedores de la subfamilia Caviinae son vitales para el ciclo biológico de A. tigrinum y A. parvum y probablemente también para A. triste e I. longiscutatus. La hipótesis planteada consiste en que Ixodidae precede a Caviinae en su establecimiento en Sudamérica, por lo tanto la formación de esta relación hospedador-parásito es relativamente reciente medida en tiempos evolutivos, con un comienzo no anterior al Mioceno tardío. De acuerdo a estudios realizados en Argentina y Uruguay, los roedores de la subfamilia Caviinae son relevantes en el ciclo biológico y en los procesos de especiación de garrapatas duras en Sudamérica. El papel de estos roedores en la evolución de garrapatas sudamericanas es subvalorado porque este tipo de hospedadores fueron ignorados en la mayoría de los estudios ecológicos de dichos ectoparásitos.

In order to describe the developmental biology of the tick Argas neghmei Kohls & Hoogstraal under laboratory conditions, 40 females and 40 males were collected from chicken coops located in Calama (II Region, Chile). They were fed on chickens and maintained under two laboratory conditions: one group at 30 ± 5 ºC and 35 ± 5 % RH and another at 27 ± 5 ºC and 80 ± 5 % RH, both at 12: 12 h L:D photoperiod. The ticks were observed daily to determine larval feeding periods, preoviposition, oviposition, egg incubation as well as the frequency of egg laying, number of eggs laid, and percentage of larval hatching. Females did not lay eggs at 80 ± 5% RH, and data on the biology of this tick was obtained only at 35 ± 5% RH. The life cycle of A. neghmei lasted an average of 269 days. Feeding period of each nymphal stage as well as of adult females between oviposition events lasted less than a day. Females laid on average 1.8 egg batches and egg-laying period lasted on average 14 days, during which about 96 eggs were laid per female.

No presente trabalho, infestações por Ixodes luciae em Didelphimorphia e Rodentia em diferentes ambientes da Amazônia peruana foram estudadas. Didelphimorphia foi representada pela família Didelphidae. Espécimes pertencentes a Caluromys lanatus, Didelphis marsupialis, Marmosops sp., Metachirus nudicaudatus, Philander andersoni e Philander opossum foram encontrados infestadas por adultos de I. luciae; um Micoureus sp. foi encontrado infestado por larvas. Em Rodentia, a infestação por ninfas de I. luciae estiveram restritas a Hylaeamys perenensis, Hylaeamys yunganus e Oligoryzomys microtis, enquanto que um Oecomys bicolor (todos Cricetidae) esteve infestado por larvas de I. luciae. As poucas larvas foram encontradas em roedores capturados na floresta primária. A única diferença significante (P < 0.05) na prevalência de carrapatos adultos em Didelphimorphia foi entre P. andersoni e M. nudicaudatus (distribuição chi-quadrado). A distribuição de carrapatos adultos foi significativamente diferente em P. andersoni quando comparado com M. nudicaudatus, P. opossum e D. marsupialis (teste Kruskal-Wallis). Nenhum efeito significante do mês ou ambiente foi observado em relação à infestação por carrapato adulto em Didelphimorphia. Tanto a prevalência de infestações por ninfas, como a distribuição do carrapato indicaram que H. perenensis e H. yunganus estiveram mais propensos a estarem infestados por ninfas de I. luciae do que O. microtis. A prevalência de infestações por ninfas foi maior em florestas primária e secundária do que em áreas rurais, enquanto que a abundância foi maior em floresta secundária, quando comparada com áreas rurais (P < 0.05). O teste Kruskal-Wallis indicou diferenças (P < 0.05) para infestações por ninfas durante Dezembro, em relação a Janeiro, Março, Abril e Junho. O ciclo natural de I. luciae parece ser continuo, destacado por adultos parasitando Philander e ninfas parasitando Hylaeamys em ambientes florestais.

In this work the infestation with I. luciae on Didelphimorphia and Rodentia in different environments of Peruvian Amazon was studied. Didelphimorphia was represented by the family Didelphidae. Specimens belonging to Caluromys lanatus, Didelphis marsupialis, Marmosops sp.2, Metachirus nudicaudatus, Philander andersoni and Philander opossum were infested with adults I. luciae and one Micoureus sp. was infested with larvae. In Rodentia, the infestation with I. luciae nymphs was restricted to Hylaeamys perenensis, Hylaeamys yunganus and Oligoryzomys microtis, while one Oecomys bicolor (all Cricetidae) was infested with larvae of this species. The few larvae were found on rodents captured in primary forest. The only significant difference (P < 0.05) in prevalence of adult ticks on Didelphimorphia was between P. andersoni and M. nudicaudatus (chi-square distribution). Adult tick distribution was significant different in P. andersoni in comparison with M. nudicaudatus, P. opossum and D. marsupialis (Kruskal-Wallis test). No significant effect of month or environment was detected in relation to adult tick infestation on Didelphimorphia. The prevalence of nymphal infestation as well as tick distribution showed that H. perenensis and H. yunganus were significantly more prone to be infested with nymphs of I. luciae than O. microtis. Prevalence of nymph infestation was higher in primary and secondary forest than rural areas while abundance was higher in secondary forest when compared with rural areas (P < 0.05). Kruskal-Wallis test showed differences (P < 0.05) for nymphal infestation during December in relation to January, March, April and June. The natural cycle of I. luciae appeared to be continuous, bound to adult tick infestation on Philander and nymphal infestation on Hylaeamys in forested environs.

O encontro de Haemaphysalis juxtakochi Cooley, um carrapato ixodídeo, no veado bororó-do-sul, Mazama nana (Hensel), representa novo relato de ocorrência, após 34 anos de seu registro no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Os exemplares de carrapatos (3 machos e 1 fêmea) foram encontrados em Cachoeira do Sul, RS (30º02’21"S, 52º53’38"W). O local está a 72 m acima do nível do mar, com uma média anual de temperatura de 18,8°C, e uma precipitação média anual de 1.438 mm. Este é o primeiro registro de H. juxtakochi nesta espécie de cervídeo e um segundo relato de ocorrência para o Estado do Rio Grande do Sul.

The record of Haemaphysalis juxtakochi Cooley, an ixodid tick, on the brocket deer, Mazama nana (Hensel), represents a new report after 34 years of its last report in the State of Rio Grande do Sul. The tick specimens (three males and one female) were found in Cachoeira do Sul, RS (30º02’21"S, 52º53’38"W). This place is elevated 72 m sea above, with an annual average temperature of 18.8°C, and annual average rainfall of 1.438 mm. This is the first record of this tick species in a Cervidae and it is the second occurrence report for the State of Rio Grande do Sul.

The analysis of a tick collection of mammals from northwestern Argentina deposited in the Annexes (ACML) of Colección Mamíferos Lillo (CML) National University of Tucumán, amplified the distribution of Ixodes luciae Sénevet, to Salta and Tucumán provinces and increased the host range to the sigmodontinae rodent Calomys callosus (Rengger) and the Didelphidae Micoureus constantiae (Thomas), Thylamys cinderella Thomas and Thylamys venustus (Thomas). Calomys callosus and Oligoryzomys destructor (Tschudi) were registered as new hosts of Ixodes pararicinus Keirans & Clifford, and the Carnivora Lycalopex gymnocercus (Fischer) and Oncifelis geoffroyi (d´Orbigny & Gervais) as new hosts of Amblyomma neumanni Ribaga, and Amblyomma parvum Aragão, respectively . Lutreolina crassicaudata (Desmarest) (Didelphidae) was also found infested with I. luciae while Amblyomma tigrinum Koch was detected on L. gymnocercus . Nymphs of Amblyomma sp. were found on Akodon Meyen. (Sigmodontinae).

El análisis de una colección de garrapatas de mamíferos del noroeste argentino, depositados en la Colección de Anexos de la Colección Mamíferos Lillo (CML) de la Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, permitió ampliar el área de distribución de Ixodes luciae Sénevet, a las provincias de Salta y Tucumán e incrementar su rango de huéspedes al roedor sigmodontino Calomys callosus (Rengger) y a los marsupiales de la familia Didelphidae Micoureus constantiae (Thomas), Thylamys cinderella Thomas y Thylamys venustus (Thomas). Se registró a C . callosus y Oligoryzomys destructor (Tschudi) como nuevos huéspedes de Ixodes pararicinus Keirans & Clifford, y a los Carnivora Lycalopex gymnocercus (Fischer) y Oncifelis geoffroyi (d´Orbigny & Gervais) como nuevos huéspedes de Amblyomma neumanni Ribaga y Amblyomma parvum Aragão, respectivamente. Adicionalmente, se observó la infestación de Lutreolina crassicaudata (Desmarest) (Didelphidae) por I. luciae y la presencia de Amblyomma tigrinum Koch, sobre L. gymnocercus . Ninfas de Amblyomma sp . se obtuvieron de Akodon Meyen (Sigmodontinae).

Based on study of ticks deposited in the Colección Nacional de Ácaros, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, we report the first records in Mexico for two species of Amblyomma: Amblyomma calcaratum ex Tamandua mexicana, and Amblyomma pacae ex Tapirus bairdii. These new records increase the number of species recorded for the genus Amblyomma in Mexico to 26.

Basado en la revisión de garrapatas depositadas en la Colección Nacional de Ácaros, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, establecemos los primeros registros en México para 2 especies del género Amblyomma: Amblyomma calcaratum ex Tamandua mexicana y Amblyomma pacae ex Tapirus bairdii. Estos nuevos registros incrementan a 26 el número de especies del género Amblyomma distribuidas en México.

Ticks infesting humans were collected from September 2004 to August 2005 in Northwestern Córdoba in an area with a southern limit in the locality of Dean Funes (30°25´S 64°20´W) and San José de las Salinas (30°00´S 64°37´W) in the North. The collections consisted in ticks found attached on man obtained from three sources: 1) specimens fixed on two workers during two successive days per month of field work in the northern part of the area which belongs to Western Chaco district of the phytogeographical Chaco domain, 2) ticks attached to a man working in a farm close to Dean Funes in the Chaco Serrano district of the Chaco domain and, 3) ticks collected from a collaborator visiting daily a suburban property with dogsin the vicinities of Dean Funes. Most ticks collected were larvae, nymphs and adults of Amblyomma neumanni from the Chaco Serrano district where a nymph of Otobius megnini was also found on man. Adults of Amblyomma parvum and Amblyomma tigrinum were detected feeding on humans in the Western Chaco district and in the property close to Dean Funes, respectively. Amblyomma neumanni was absent on man from December to April while most specimens of A. parvum and A. tigrinum were collected during summer. Their role as potential vector of ticktransmitted diseases in the area is unknown.

Se recolectaron garrapatas (Acari: Ixodida: Argasidae, Ixodidae) infestando humanos entre septiembre de 2004 y agosto de 2005 en un área del noroeste de Córdoba cuyo límite al sur es la localidad Deán Funes (30º25´S 64°20´W) y el límite al norte es la localidad de San José de las Salinas (30°00´S 64°37´W). Las colecciones consistieron en garrapatas fijadas a humanos obtenidas de tres fuentes: 1) garrapatas fijadas sobre dos trabajadores durante dos días sucesivos por mes de trabajo de campo en la parte norte del área, la cual pertenece al distrito chaqueño occidental del dominio fitogeográfico del Chaco, 2) garrapatas fijadas a un trabajador en un campo cercano a Deán Funes en el distrito chaqueño serrano del dominio del Chaco y 3) garrapatas recolectadas de un colaborador que visitaba diariamente una propiedad suburbana con perros en las vecindades de Deán Funes. La mayoría de las garrapatas recolectadas fueron larvas, ninfas y adultos de Amblyomma neumanni del distrito chaqueño serrano donde una ninfa de Otobius megnini fue también encontrada sobre humano. Adultos de Amblyomma parvum y Amblyomma tigrinum se detectaron alimentándose sobre humanos en el distrito Chaqueño occidental y en la propiedad cercana a Deán Funes respectivamente. Amblyomma neumanni estuvo ausente sobre humano de diciembre a abril mientras que la mayoría de lo especímenes de A. parvum y A. tigrinum fueron recolectados durante el verano. Sus papeles como potenciales vectores de enfermedades transmitidas por garrapatas en el área es desconocido.

Registra-se a ocorrência de carrapatos em tamanduás-bandeira e tamanduás-mirim na região do pantanal sul mato-grossense entre os meses de março e novembro de 2001. As espécies identificadas foram Amblyomma cajennense (123 machos e 63 fêmeas), A. parvum (35 machos, 67 fêmeas) e A. nodosum (2 machos), um parasita específico de tamanduás em sua fase adulta. De um total de 20 tamanduás examinados no período de estudo, A . cajennense foi encontrado na maioria dos animais (15), seguido por A. parvum (9) e por A. nodosum (2).

The occurrence of ticks on anteaters in the Pantanal region, Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil, between March and February 2001 is described. Tick species identified were Amblyomma cajennense (123 males and 63 females), A. parvum (35 males, 67 females) and A. nodosum (2 males), species considered as specific of anteater in its adult phase. A . cajennense was found in the majority of animals (15) followed by A. parvum (9) and by A. nodosum (2) from a total of 20 anteaters examined in the study period.

An individual of Rattus norvegicus was observed infested with a nimph of Ixodes sigelos and two of Oligoryzomys longicaudatus each one infested with one larva of I. sigelos. Both are new hosts of these ticks parasit of rodents described exclusively in Chile. In addition, the first record of the bird Cureus cureus as host of Ixodes auritulus is reported from a bird infested with a female tick. All hosts were captured in Chillán. The status of Ixodes species in Chile is discussed

Se observó un individuo de Rattus norvegicus infestado con una ninfa de Ixodes sigelos y dos de Oligoryzomys longicaudatus cada uno infestado con una larva de I. sigelos. Ambos son nuevos hospedadores de esta garrapata parásito de roedores descrita exclusivamente en Chile. También se presenta el primer registro del ave Cureus cureus como hospedador de garrapatas del grupo Ixodes auritulus en Chile desde un ave infestada con una hembra de esta especie de garrapata. Los tres hospedadores fueron capturados en Chillán. Se discute el status de las especies de Ixodes de Chile

Informações sobre carrapatos autóctones e seus hospedeiros são escassas na América do Sul, especialmente para a Argentina. Com o objetivo de contribuir para o conhecimento dos carrapatos na região, 2094 carrapatos foram coletados da vegetação, de humanos e de animais domésticos e selvagens numa área no norte da Argentina rica em carrapatos e hospedeiros, durante seis viagens de campo conduzidas em 1999 (janeiro e agosto), 2000 (março e novembro) e 2001 (março e junho). Os carrapatos foram identificados como Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius), A. coelebs Neumann, Amblyomma sp., Haemaphysalis juxtakochi Cooley, H. leporispalustris (Packard), Ixodes pararicinus Keirans & Clifford, I. loricatus Neumann, I. longiscutatum Boero e Ixodes sp. Pequenos mamíferos foram principalmente parasitados por estágios imaturos de Ixodes; humanos e animais domésticos, predominantemente por Amblyomma spp., e pássaros, principalmente por ninfas e larvas de Haemaphysalis spp.

Information on autochthonous ticks and their hosts is scarce in South America, especially in Argentina. To contribute to tick knowledge in the region, 2094 ticks were collected from the vegetation, humans, domestic and wild animals at a host-and-tick rich area of northern Argentina during six field trips conducted in 1999 (January and August), 2000 (March and November), and 2001 (March and June). The ticks were identified as Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius), Amblyomma coelebs Neumann, Amblyomma sp., Haemaphysalis juxtakochi Cooley, H. leporispalustris (Packard), Ixodes pararicinus Keirans & Clifford, I. loricatus Neumann, I. longiscutatum Boero and Ixodes sp. Small mammals were mainly parasitized by immature stages of Ixodes; humans and domestic animals, predominantly by Amblyomma spp., and birds, mainly by nymphs and larvae of Haemaphysalis spp.

Amblyomma longirostre is recorded for the first time in Uruguay. Nymphs of this species were found on a resident bird, Phylloscartes ventralis (Passeriformes: Tyrannidae), from a locality in which a potential host to adults ticks, Sphiggurus spinosus (Rodentia: Erethizontidae), also inhabits. From these facts, it is concluded that A. longirostre is, probably, resident in Uruguay. Also, this is the southernmost record for this species

Se informa por prmera vez la presencia de Amblyomma longirostre en Uruguay. Se encontraron ninfas de esta especie en un ave (Phylloscartes ventralis) de una localidad en que habita un roedor potencial huésped para esta garrapata adulta, por lo que se concluye que es probable que ella sea residente en el país. Para la garrapata esta ubicación geográfica sería la más autral descripta