Abstract: Lobomycosis or lacaziosis is a chronic granulomatous fungal infection caused by Lacazia loboi. Most cases are restricted to tropical regions. Transmission is believed to occur through traumatic inoculation in the skin, mainly in exposed areas. It is characterized by keloid-like nodules. There are only a few hundred cases reported. The differential diagnoses include many skin conditions, and treatment is difficult. The reported case, initially diagnosed as keloid, proved to be refractory to surgical treatment alone. It was subsequently approached with extensive surgery, cryotherapy every three months and a combination of itraconazole and clofazimine for two years. No signs of clinical and histopathological activity were detected during follow-up.

Abstract: Infective dermatitis associated with HTLV-1 (IDH) is the main cutaneous marker of HTLV-1 infection. This disease occurs primarily in children and should be differentiated from other eczemas, especially from atopic dermatitis. The largest series of IDH are from Jamaica and Brazil. There are an estimated 15 to 20 million infected people in the world, and Brazil is one of the endemic regions. Studies suggest that IDH in children may be a marker for the development of T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) or myelopathy associated with HTLV-1/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM / TSP) in adulthood.

O Brasil é um país onde a hanseníase ainda é um problema de saúde pública, apresentando mais de 30.000 novos casos por ano nos últimos anos. Apesar do crescente número de transplante de órgãos sólidos realizados no país, sobretudo o transplante renal, não são frequentes os relatos dessa micobacteriose em pacientes imunossuprimidos pelas medicações póstransplante. Os autores relatam um caso de hanseníase multibacilar manifestada 12 anos depois do transplante renal, acompanhado desde o diagnóstico, durante a poliquimioterapia, tratamento e seguimento do eritema nodoso hansênico.

Leprosy is still a public health concern in Brazil, where more than 30,000 new cases are detected every year. There are few reports of this mycobacteriosis in imunossupressed pacients, despite the increasing number of solid organ transplantation and the use of post-transplant drugs in this country. The autors describe a case of multibacillary leprosy in a renal transplant recipient, detected 12 years after the procedure, and discuss the therapy, adverse effects and management of leprosy reactions in pacients imunosupressed by drugs.

Hanseníase e infecção pelo HTLV-1 são prevalentes no Brasil. A associação de hanseníase e infecção por HTLV-1 é revista e é relatado um caso de coinfecção. Paciente feminina de 59 anos teve diagnóstico de mielopatia associada ao HTLV-1 durante o tratamento para hanseníase. Aspectos clínicos e neurológicos desta associação, ainda não descrita, são revistos e os marcadores imunológicos e possíveis evoluções relacionadas com a associação dessas doenças discutidos. A associação de hanseníase e mielopatia associada ao HTLV-1, aparentemente pouco usual, pode ocorrer em áreas endêmicas e trazer dificuldades para o diagnóstico e tratamento das manifestações neurológicas.

Leprosy and human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 infection are prevalent in Brazil. Coinfection by Mycobacterium leprae and HTLV-1 is reviewed and a case is reported. A 59 year-old woman was followed and HTLV-1 associated myelopathy was diagnosed during leprosy treatment. The clinical and neurological aspects of this unusual association were initially reviewed. Immunological markers and the possible prognoses due to the association of the diseases were discussed. The unexpected association of leprosy and HTLV-1 associated myelopathy may occur in endemic areas and causes difficulties in determining the correct diagnosis and adequate management of the neurological manifestations.

Relata-se um caso grave de lesões acne-símile associada a amineptina (Survector®), proeminentes na face e dorso, acometendo outros sítios não afetados pela acne vulgar, como períneo, braços e pernas. As lesões apareceram após a auto-administração crônica de altas doses do medicamento. Lesões ceratoacantoma-símile também estavam presentes, tendo as lesões menores resposta satisfatória ao tratamento com imiquimod tópico. O relato é significativo pela raridade da doença.

Relata-se caso de leishmaniose tegumentar americana com lesões proeminentes na face. Os critérios diagnósticos incluíram dados clínicos e epidemiológicos, intradermorreação de Montenegro, identificação de Leishmania pela reação em cadeia da polimerase e resposta clínica ao tratamento. A importância do relato se deve ao fato de se tratar de caso incomum de leishmaniose tegumentar americana.

We report the case of a patient with American cutaneous leishmaniasis and prominent lesions on the face. Diagnostic criteria included clinical and epidemiological data, Montenegro's skin test, identification of Leishmania by means of polymerase chain reaction and clinical response to treatment. Our report is important to call attention to an unusual presentation of American cutaneous leishmaniasis.

É descrito um caso de co-infecção leishmania/HIV com manifestações cutâneas e visceral. Infecção pela leishmania foi confirmada através de métodos convencionais (parasitológicos e sorológicos) e através da PCR. A espécie Leishmania chagasi isolada da pele foi caracterizada por eletroforese enzimática e por polimorfismo de fragmento obtido por enzima de restrição.

A case of HIV/Leishmania co-infection presenting both visceral and cutaneous manifestations is reported. Leishmania infection was confirmed by conventional methods (parasitological approach and serology) and by PCR. Leishmania chagasi isolated from the skin lesion was characterized by enzyme electrophoresis and by restriction fragment length polymorphism of the internal transcribed spacer of the ribosomal gene.