Este trabalho investigou a freqüência da depressão em indivíduos cardiopatas, com e sem diagnóstico de infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM), e indivíduos sem diagnóstico de cardiopatia. Trata-se de estudo prospectivo com 168 pacientes divididos em três grupos: 60 internados (diagnóstico de IAM), 49 ambulatoriais (diagnóstico de doença cardiovascular sem infarto) e 59 da população em geral (sem diagnóstico de doença cardiovascular), de ambos os sexos, entre 35 a 65 anos, investigados por meio do Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI), do Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck (BAI) e do Teste de Qualidade de Vida (WHOQOL). A prevalência de depressão no grupo IAM foi 48,3%. As variáveis significativas associadas à depressão foram: história familiar (RC=2,82 - IC95%=1,12;7,08 - p=0,028), domínio psicológico do WHOQOL (RC=0,93 - IC95%=0,89;0,98 - p=0,006) e escore de ansiedade (RC=1,08 - IC95%=1,02;1,14 - p=0,012). Os resultados sugerem que os transtornos de depressão não são desencadeados pelo IAM, mas que estão presentes antes da admissão hospitalar, destacando a importância do rastreamento dos pacientes portadores de doença coronariana crônica.

This study investigated the frequency of depression in individuals with cardiovascular disease, with or without an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) diagnosis, and individuals with no cardiovascular disease. It is a prospective study with 168 patients of both genders, from 35 to 65 years old, divided into three groups: 60 inpatients (diagnosed with AMI), 49 outpatients (diagnosed with cardiovascular disease without infarction), and 59 of the general population (without diagnosis of cardiovascular disease). The groups were investigated by applying questionnaires, which included the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Quality of Life Test (WHOQOL). The prevalence of depression in the AMI group was 48.3%. The variables that remained significantly associated to depression were: family history (OR=2.82 - 95%CI=1.12;7.08 - p=0.028), WHOQOL psychological domain (OR=0.93 - 95%CI=0.89;0.98 - p=0.006), and anxiety score (OR=1.08 - 95%CI=1.02;1.14 - p=0.012). These results suggest that depression disorders are not triggered post-AMI but can be present before admission to the hospital, which shows the need to investigate people with chronic coronary disease.

Os pacientes com diabetes e cardiopatia isquêmica são freqüentemente considerados para a realização de revascularização miocárdica com o objetivo de diminuição do risco de eventos cardiovasculares ou melhora da qualidade de vida. Na prática clínica, as decisões quanto à realização de cirurgia ou intervenção coronariana percutânea são freqüentemente difíceis, devido à gravidade dos casos, extensão da doença e presença de co-morbidades. Além disso, a maioria dos dados disponíveis na literatura origina-se da análise de subgrupos de ensaios clínicos delineados para estudos da população em geral, não para diabéticos. O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar a literatura quanto à intervenção coronária percutânea em pacientes com diabetes, além de mostrar dados mais recentes dos resultados deste procedimento no Serviço de Hemodinâmica do Instituto de Cardiologia do RS.

Patients with diabetes and coronary artery disease are frequently considered for myocardial revascularization procedures, aiming at cardiovascular events risk reduction and a better quality of life. In clinical practice, decisions concerning surgery or percutaneous coronary intervention are frequently difficult, because of cases' severity, disease extension and co-morbidities association. Beyond that, the bulk of literature information was generated by subgroup analysis of randomized clinical trials, which were designed for the general population, not for diabetics. The aim of this study was to review literature on coronary percutaneous intervention in diabetic patients, and also to show recent data from the experience in this procedure at the Catheterization Laboratory of the Cardiology Institute of RS.

Nosso objetivo foi avaliar a influência do diabetes mellitus (DM) na evolução clínica de pacientes com doença arterial coronariana tratada com implante de stents. Foram implantados 934 stents em 893 pacientes em nossa instituição de 1996 a 2000; 23% destes apresentavam DM. Características clínicas, angiográficas e desfechos clínicos dos pacientes com e sem DM foram prospectivamente incluídos em banco de dados computadorizado. O grupo DM tinha maior idade (61,5 ± 10 vs. 59,8 ± 11 anos; p= 0,04) e prevalência de hipertensão arterial (69% vs. 62%; p= 0,09). A taxa de sucesso clínico do procedimento (estenose residual < 30%, fluxo TIMI 3, ausência de eventos clínicos adversos na internação) foi menor nos pacientes com DM (88% vs. 92%; p= 0,05). Em 1 ano, os pacientes com DM apresentaram maiores taxas de revascularização do vaso-alvo (12,3% vs. 8%; p= 0,06), óbitos (5,4% vs. 2,5%; p= 0,03) e eventos cardiovasculares maiores (ECVM; nova angioplastia, cirurgia, infarto agudo do miocárdio ou óbito: 16,3% vs. 9,3%; p= 0,003). A presença de DM foi independentemente associada a ECVM na análise multivariada (OR: 2,00; IC: 1,253,24; p= 0,004). Concluímos que o DM associa-se a aumento do risco de complicações intra-hospitalares, re-estenose e eventos cardiovasculares maiores em pacientes submetidos ao implante de stents coronarianos.

We evaluated the influence of diabetes mellitus (DM) on clinical outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease treated with stent implantation. Between 1996 and 2000, 934 stents were implanted in 893 patients in our institution; 23% of them had DM. Clinical and angiographic characteristics and clinical outcomes of the patients with and without DM were prospectively included in a computerized database. Diabetics were older (61.5 ± 10 vs. 59.8 ± 11 years; p= 0.04) and had a higher prevalence of hypertension (69% vs. 62%; p= 0.09). The procedural clinical success rate (successful coronary stenting with residual stenosis < 30%, TIMI 3 flow and no in-hospital adverse clinical event) was lower in the diabetic group (88% vs. 92%; p= 0.05). In the 1-year follow up, diabetic patients showed higher rates of new target vessel revascularization (12.3% vs. 8%; p= 0.06), death (5.4% vs. 2.5%; p= 0.03) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE, new angioplasty, surgery, acute myocardial infarction or death: 16.3% vs. 9.3%; p= 0.003). Diabetes was independently associated to 1-year MACE on multivariate analysis (OR: 2.00; IC: 1.253.24; p= 0.004). We concluded that DM is associated with higher complication and restenosis rates and a higher risk of long-term major cardiovascular events in patients treated with coronary stent implantation.

OBJETIVO: Determinar os resultados em longo prazo da valvoplastia percutânea por balão em uma instituição isolada. MÉTODOS: Estudados 189 pacientes com estenose valvar pulmonar submetidos a valvoplastia percutânea por balão, entre 1984-1996, com idade média de 7,97±9,25 anos, classificando-se como bem sucedida, a redução do gradiente VD-AP em níveis < 36mmHg e reestenose gradientes > 36mmHg após procedimento eficaz. RESULTADOS: Após o término do procedimento, o gradiente pico a pico transvalvar reduziu-se de 70,12±30,06 para 25,11±20,23 mmHg (p<0,001). Obtiveram sucesso imediato 148 (78,72%) pacientes. Houve redução posterior do gradiente para valores < 36mmHg em outros 24 pacientes categorizados sem sucesso no grupo. Assim a valvoplastia percutânea por balão foi considerada efetiva em 172 (91,01%) pacientes. A efetividade aumentou para 93,53% (159/170) nos casos de morfologia típica. O tempo de seguimento foi de 4,39±3anos até o período máximo de 13,01 anos. Observou-se reestenose em 24 (13,95%). A presença de regurgitação pulmonar foi detectada em 95,1% dos pacientes, sendo que em 29,5% com grau maior do que leve. A probabilidade de se manter um resultado adequado, até qualquer ponto no tempo, sem a ocorrência de reestenose, foi de 92,29% em 2 anos, de 87,38 % em 5 anos, de 82,46% em 8 anos e de 64,48% em 10 anos. CONCLUSÃO: A valvoplastia percutânea por balão foi efetiva e segura no tratamento da estenose valvar pulmonar com excelentes resultados imediatos e a longo prazo.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the long-term results of percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty at a single institution. METHODS: This study comprised 189 patients with pulmonary valve stenosis undergoing percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty from 1984 to 1996, whose mean age was 7.97±9.25 years. The procedure was classified as successful when the RV-PA gradient was reduced to levels < 36 mmHg; restenosis was indicated by RV-PA gradients > 36 mmHg after an effective procedure. RESULTS: After the procedure, the peak-to-peak transvalvular gradient decreased from 70.12±30.06 to 25.11 ±20.23 mmHg (P<0.001). Immediate success was obtained in 148 (78.72%) patients. A later reduction in the gradient to values < 36 mmHg was obtained in 24 other patients previously categorized as unsuccessful. Therefore, percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty was considered effective in 172 (91.01%) patients. Effectiveness increased to 93.53% (159/170) in the cases of typical morphology. Follow-up ranged from 4.39±3 years to 13.01 years. Restenosis was observed in 24 (13.95%) patients. Pulmonary regurgitation was detected in 95.1% of the patients, being more intense than mild in 29.5% of the patients. The probability of maintaining an appropriate result, at any time point, with no restenosis was 92.29% in 2 years, 87.38% in 5 years, 82.46% in 8 years, and 64.48% in 10 years. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty was effective and safe for the treatment of pulmonary valve stenosis with excellent short- and long-term results.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate early and late evolution of patients submitted to primary coronary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction. METHODS: A prospective study of 135 patients with acute myocardial infarction submitted to primary transcutaneous coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Success was defined as TIMI 3 flow and residual lesion <50%. We performed statistical analyses by univariated, multivariated methods and survival analyze by Kaplan-Meier. RESULTS: PTCA success rate was 78% and early mortality 18,5%. Killip classes III and IV was associated to higher mortality, odds ratio 22.9 (95% CI: 5,7 to 91,8) and inversely related to age <75 years (OR = 0,93; 95% CI: 0.88 to 0.98). If we had chosen success flow as TIMI 2 and had excluded patients in Killip III/IV classes, success rate would be 86% and mortality 8%. The survival probability at the end or study, follow-up time 142 ± 114 days, was 80% and event free survival 35%. Greater survival was associated to stenting (OR = 0.09; 0.01 to 0.75) and univessel disease (OR = 0.21; 0.07 to 0.61). CONCLUSION: The success rate was lower and mortality was higher than randomized trials, however similar to that of non randomized studies. This demonstrated the efficacy of primary PTCA in our local conditions.