The compound 2-hydrazinyl-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)thiazole (PD76) is a novel thiazolyl hydrazine derivative with proven antifungal activity against different fungal species, mainly Candida and Cryptococcus. Considering the advantages of oral route for clinical therapy, the aim of this work was to evaluate the potential intestinal permeability of this new antifungal drug. For the quantitation of PD76, a high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed and fully validated. The cytotoxicity of the compound in Caco-2 cells was analyzed and intestinal permeability of PD76 was assessed by means of the comparison of in vitro assay in Caco-2 cells and in silico platforms ADMETlab and admetSAR. Cell viability above 70% was obtained at all PD76 studied concentrations. Using Caco-2 cell model, the compound showed apparent permeability coefficients (Papp) of 5.25 × 10-6 and 23.28 × 10-6 cm s-1 in apical-basolateral and basolateral-apical directions, respectively. Experiments performed using verapamil as P-gp inhibitor demonstrated that PD76 is slightly susceptible to active efflux. Both in silico platforms inferred that PD76 presents permeability in Caco-2 cells, with Log P values of 2.82 (ADMETlab) and 2.10 (admetSAR). The results obtained in permeability studies showed that PD76 presents moderate intestinal permeability and a promising profile for clinical application. 2hydrazinyl44methoxyphenylthiazole hydrazinylmethoxyphenylthiazole 2 hydrazinyl 4 methoxyphenyl thiazole PD (PD76 species Cryptococcus therapy drug highperformance high performance validated Caco2 Caco Caco- PD7 admetSAR 70 concentrations model Papp (Papp 525 5 25 5.2 106 10 6 10- 2328 23 28 23.2 s1 s 1 s- apicalbasolateral apical basolateral basolateralapical directions respectively Pgp gp efflux 282 82 2.8 (ADMETlab 210 2.1 . (admetSAR) application methoxyphenylthiazole (PD7 7 52 5. 232 23. 8 2. 21 (admetSAR (PD

RESUMO Muitos agentes terapêuticos humanos sintetizados industrialmente, agroquímicos e aditivos, são compostos heterocíclicos. Muitos destes contribuem para o aumento da contaminação ambiental em fontes pontuais e difusas dos corpos de água, o que reflete na qualidade do solo, das comunidades e na saúde humana. Com isso, este estudo teve objetivo de avaliar a presença de compostos orgânicos nas águas superficiais da bacia do rio Pirapó, influenciados pelas culturas de soja e milho safrinha que são cultivadas nas áreas adjacentes em torno do rio. As amostras de água foram coletadas no período de outubro de 2017 a janeiro de 2019, em três pontos de coleta. Os compostos orgânicos foram analisados por CG-EM, após a extração em fase sólida (SPE). Dois compostos orgânicos foram detectados: a azetidina e a sarcosina, que são utilizados na indústria farmacêutica. Os compostos orgânicos existentes em medicamentos e/ou contaminantes observados neste estudo revelam a importância de investigações mais aprofundadas sobre suas origens e as consequências para a saúde da biota e da população. industrialmente aditivos heterocíclicos solo humana isso Pirapó 201 2019 coleta CGEM, CGEM CG EM, EM CG-EM SPE. SPE . (SPE) detectados sarcosina farmacêutica eou ou população 20 (SPE 2

ABSTRACT Many industrially synthesized human - therapeutic agents, agrochemicals, and additives used by industries are heterocyclic compounds. Many of these contribute to increased environmental contamination in localized and diffuse sources of water bodies, reflecting soil quality, communities, and human health. This concern led us to develop this research to evaluate the presence of organic compounds in the surface waters of the Pirapó river basin, Paraná, Brazil, influenced by the soybean and safflower corn crops that are cultivated in adjacent areas around the river. The water samples were collected from October 2017 to January 2019, at three collection points. Organic compounds were analyzed by GC-MS, after the solid phase extraction (SPE). Two organic compounds were analyzed: azetidine and sarcosine that are used in the pharmaceutical industry. Organic compounds existing in drugs and/or contaminants that were observed in this study reveal the importance of further investigation into their origins and the consequences for the health of the biota and the population. agents agrochemicals bodies quality communities basin Paraná Brazil 201 2019 points GCMS, GCMS GC MS, MS GC-MS SPE. SPE . (SPE) industry andor or population 20 (SPE 2

Resumo Os principais problemas para a pecuária estão relacionados às ectoparasitoses, e ao fato dos carrapaticidas apresentarem elevada toxicidade ao meio ambiente e à saúde única. Surgem, então, demandas na busca por inovações e desenvolvimento de produtos naturais, como alternativas para o controle dos carrapatos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial da atividade larvicida sobre Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus a partir dos óleos essenciais de Tetradenia riparia (TrOEs) extraídos das folhas, botões florais e caules. A composição química foi determinada por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massa (GC/MS). Os TrOEs foram testados sobre larvas nas concentrações de 100.000 a 40 µg/mL pelo teste de pacote de larvas e em condições seminaturais. Na composição química, a classe majoritária foi os sesquiterpenos (oxigenados e hidrocarbonetos); já os compostos em destaques foram 14-hidroxy-9-epi-caryophyllene, T-cadinol e 6-7-dehidroroyleanone para folhas, botões florais e caules, respectivamente. As folhas demonstraram ser mais eficientes e com maior poder larvicida (CL99.9 = 83.53 µg/mL). Quando testado em condições seminaturais os óleos obtiveram eficiência acima de 98% em todos os compostos testados. Os resultados indicaram que os TrOEs, foram eficazes sobre as larvas de R. (B.) microplus in vitro e ex-situ, evidenciando que esta planta possui moléculas bioativas com ação larvicidas significativas. ectoparasitoses única Surgem então naturais carrapatos Boophilus (Boophilus (TrOEs caules GC/MS. GCMS GC/MS . GC MS (GC/MS) 100000 100 000 100.00 4 µgmL µg mL oxigenados hidrocarbonetos hidrocarbonetos) 14hidroxy9epicaryophyllene, 14hidroxy9epicaryophyllene hidroxyepicaryophyllene 14 hidroxy 9 epi caryophyllene, caryophyllene 14-hidroxy-9-epi-caryophyllene Tcadinol T cadinol 67dehidroroyleanone dehidroroyleanone 6 7 respectivamente CL99.9 CL999 CL CL99 (CL99. 8353 83 53 83.5 µg/mL. µg/mL) 98 R B. B (B. exsitu, exsitu ex situ, situ ex-situ significativas (GC/MS 10000 10 00 100.0 epicaryophyllene 1 CL99. CL9 (CL99 835 8 5 83. (B 1000 0 100. (CL9 (CL

Abstract Around the world, the main problems of livestock are caused by ectoparasites, however, commercial acaracide are toxic to the environment and detrimental to One Health. Therefore, research has increasingly focused on development of natural products as alternatives for tick control. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the larvicidal effect on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, through use of essential oils (EOs) extracted from the leaves, flower buds and stems of Tetradenia riparia. The chemical composition of these EOs was determined through gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). They were tested on larvae at concentrations of 100.000 to 40 µg/mL, using the larval packet test and under semi-natural conditions. The main class of compounds in the chemical composition was sesquiterpenes (both oxygenates and hydrocarbons), whereas the predominant compounds in the leaves, flower buds and stems were 14-hydroxy-9-epi-caryophyllene, T-cadinol and 6-7-dehydroroyleanone, respectively. The leaves proved to be the most effective, with highest larvicidal activity (LC99.9 = 83.53 µg/mL). When tested under semi-natural conditions, the oils obtained efficiency above 98% in all compound tests. The results indicated that these EOs were effective against R. (B.) microplus larvae in vitro and ex-situ, proving that this plant has bioactive molecules with significant larvicidal activity. world ectoparasites however Health Therefore control Boophilus (Boophilus (EOs riparia GCMS. GCMS GC MS . (GC-MS) 100000 100 000 100.00 4 µgmL µg mL µg/mL seminatural semi conditions both hydrocarbons, hydrocarbons , hydrocarbons) 14hydroxy9epicaryophyllene, 14hydroxy9epicaryophyllene hydroxyepicaryophyllene 14 hydroxy 9 epi caryophyllene, caryophyllene 14-hydroxy-9-epi-caryophyllene Tcadinol T cadinol 67dehydroroyleanone, 67dehydroroyleanone dehydroroyleanone 6 7 dehydroroyleanone, 6-7-dehydroroyleanone respectively LC99.9 LC999 LC LC99 (LC99. 8353 83 53 83.5 µg/mL. µg/mL) 98 tests R B. B (B. exsitu, exsitu ex situ, situ ex-situ (GC-MS 10000 10 00 100.0 epicaryophyllene 1 LC99. LC9 (LC99 835 8 5 83. (B 1000 0 100. (LC9 (LC

Abstract Tetradenia riparia (Hochst.) Codd (Lamiaceae) is a species native to the African continent and used as an insect repellent. The objective of the study was to evaluate the larvicidal potential of essential oils (EOs) from the leaves, flower buds, and stem of T. riparia, collected in winter against Aedes aegypti larvae. The EOs were extracted by hydrodistillation (3 h) and identified by GC/MS. The EOs were tested against larvae of A. aegypti at concentrations ranging from 12500 to 1.5 µg/mL for 24 h. The insecticide activity was evaluated by probit analysis, and the anticholinesterase activity was determined by bioautographic method. The results of the class projection indicated sesquiterpenes as the majority class, corresponding to 60.66% (leaves), 64.70% (flower buds) and 83.99% (stem), and the bioassays on A. aegypti larvae indicated LC50 of 1590, 675 and 665 µg/mL, respectively. The anticholinesterase activity indicated that the EO of the leaves inhibited the enzyme at a concentration of 780 µg/mL, and those from the flower buds and stem inhibited up to 1560 µg/mL. The results indicated weak activity of essential oils against A. aegypti larvae.

Resumen Introducción: Los fitoinsecticidas son alternativas para el control de insectos en diferentes etapas, Gallesia integrifolia (Spreng.) Harms, familia Phytolacaceae, conocida popularmente como pau d’alho, árbol de ajo y guararema en Brasil, es conocida por su fuerte olor aliáceo debido a la presencia de moléculas de azufre en la planta. Esta especie presenta actividad biológica y potencial efecto insecticida que aún no está explotado. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la actividad biológica del extracto crudo etanólico de las hojas, flores y frutos de G. integrifolia en el control de las larvas y pupas de la tercera etapa de Aedes aegypti. Métodos: El material botánico fue recolectado en la ciudad de Umuarama, Paraná, Brasil (23º46’16” S & 53º19’38” W), a una altitud de 442 m y los frutos de G. integrifolia fueron recolectados en mayo de 2017 y las hojas y flores en diciembre del mismo año. Los extractos crudos de hojas, flores y frutos de G. integrifolia se prepararon por técnica de maceración dinámica. La composición química de los extractos se determinó por cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas. La actividad insecticida de los extractos crudos de G. integrifolia fue evaluada en larvas y pupas de A. aegypti en concentraciones entre 0.001 a 25 000 mg/mL, y las concentraciones letales que matan 50 % (CL50) y 99.9 % (CL99.9) de larvas fueron determinados por análisis de probit. La actividad anticolinesterasa fue evaluada por método bioautográfico en concentraciones de 0.000095 a 50 mg/mL. Resultados: El rendimiento de los extractos crudos de G. integrifolia fue de 8.2, 9.1 y 17.3 % para flores, frutos y hojas, respectivamente. La composición química de los extractos de G. integrifolia se caracterizó por la presencia de ésteres de ácidos grasos, fitosteroles, vitaminas, diterpenos oxigenados y compuestos organosulfurados. El extracto de las flores presentó alta cantidad de compuestos de azufre (20.2 %) como disulfuro, bis(2-sulfhidril etilo) (11.9 %), 2,3,5-tritiahexano (6.2 %), 1,2,4-tritiolano (1.1 %) y 2,4-ditiapentano (1.1 %). En relación con la actividad insecticida, el extracto de las flores mostró una gran actividad con CL99.9 de 0.032 mg/mL y CL99.9 de 0.969 mg/mL en larvas y pupas de A. aegypti, respectivamente, y la inhibición más alta de la enzima acetilcolinesterasa (0.00019 mg/mL) ex situ. El extracto de las flores presentó actividad anticolinesterasa y larvicida, 12.8 y 35.6 %, respectivamente, mayor que el control temephos. Conclusiones: Este estudio abre nuevas perspectivas sobre el uso de extractos de G. integrifolia como alternativa bioinsecticida para el control de larvas y pupas de A. aegypti.

Abstract Introduction: Phytoinsecticides are alternatives to control insects in different stages, Gallesia integrifolia (Spreng.) Harms, Phytolacaceae family, popularly known as pau d’alho, garlic tree, and guararema in Brazil, is known due to its strong alliaceous odor because of the presence of sulfur molecules in the plant. This species presents biological activity and potential insecticide effect that is still unexploited. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the biological activity of the ethanolic crude extract from G. integrifolia leaves, flowers, and fruits on the control of Aedes aegypti third-stage larvae and pupae. Methods: The botanical material was collected in city Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil at the coordinates (23º46’16” S & 53º19’38” WO), and altitude of 442 m, the fruits of G. integrifolia were collected in May and the leaves and flowers in December 2017. The crude extracts of G. integrifolia leaves, flowers, and fruits were prepared by dynamic maceration technique. The chemical composition of the extracts was determined by gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometry. The insecticidal activity of the crude extracts of G. integrifolia were carried out on larvae and pupae of A. aegypti in concentrations between 0.001 to 25 000 mg/mL, and afterwards the lethal concentrations that kill 50 % (LC50) and 99.9 % (LC99.9) were determined by probit analysis. Anticholinesterase activity was determined by bioautographic method at concentrations from 0.000095 to 50 mg/mL. Results: The yield of G. integrifolia crude extracts were 8.2, 9.1, and 17.3 % for flowers, fruits, and leaves, respectively. The chemical composition of G. integrifolia extracts was characterized by presence of fatty acid esters, phytosterols, vitamins, oxygenated diterpenes and organosulfur compounds. The flower extract presented the high amount of sulfur compounds (20.2 %) such as disulfide, bis (2-sulfhydryl ethyl) (11.9 %), 2,3,5-trithiahexane (6.2 %), 1,2,4-trithiolane (1.1 %), and 2,4-dithiapentane (1.1 %). Regarding the insecticidal activity, flower extract showed highly active with LC99.9 of 0.032 mg/mL and LC99.9 of 0.969 mg/mL on A. aegypti larvae and pupae, respectively, and the highest inhibition of acetylcholinesterase enzyme (0.00019 mg/mL) ex situ. The flower extract presented anticholinesterase and larvicide activity, respectively, 12.8 % and 35.6 % greater than the control temephos. Conclusions: This study opens new perspectives on the use of extracts from G. integrifolia as a bioinsecticide alternative for the control of A. aegypti larvae and pupae.

Resumo A ocorrência de eventos extremos de precipitação (EEP) no litoral do Paraná eleva o potencial de erosividade dos rios da região, além de causar inundações. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste estudo é analisar a tendência da intensidade e frequência dos EEP diários, além de analisar o ciclo horário dos extremos para a região costeira do Paraná e o ambiente sinótico. Coletaram-se os dados de precipitação e divergência do fluxo de umidade. Consideraram-se EEP diários acima do percentil 95 (EEP95). A análise de tendência linear através do teste Mann-Kendall, análise do ciclo diário e a distribuição espacial do ambiente sinótico foram estudados. Os resultados mostram que os EEP95 não apresentaram tendência significativa. Apesar do estudo limitar-se a uma única localidade, áreas de máxima convergência de umidade destacam o padrão da Zona de Convergência de umidade. Os resultados mostram que o limiar para um EEP95 diário é de 46,40 mm.dia−1; apenas durante a madrugada e na estação chuvosa, o ciclo diário dos EEP95 apresentou taxas horárias que atingiram o percentil 95. O período de janeiro a março, concentrou cerca de 50% EEP95, com a frequência de EEP95 diminuindo em anos de La Niña e aumentando em anos de El Niño e neutros.

Abstract The occurrence of extreme precipitation events (EEP) of the coast of Paraná increases the erosivity potential of the rivers in this region, causing flooding among other occurrences. In this context, the objective of this study is to analyze the trends in intensity and frequency of daily EEP, as well as to analyze the extreme hourly cycle for the coastal region of Paraná and the synoptic conditions. Thus, precipitation data and divergence of moisture flow were collected. Daily precipitation above the 95th percentile (EEP95) was considered in this study. From the EEP95, linear trend analysis using the Mann-Kendall test, daily cycle analysis and the spatial distribution of the synoptic environment were studied. Although the study is limited to one locality, areas of maximum moisture convergence highlight the pattern of the Convergence Zone of moisture. The results show that the threshold for a daily EEP95 is 46.40 mm.dia−1; only during the early morning and in the rainy season, the daily cycle of the EEP95 presented hourly rates that reached the 95th percentile. The period from January to March, concentrated around 50% EEP95, with the frequency of EEP95 decreasing in years of La Niña and increasing in years of El Niño and neutral.

Abstract Purpose To analyze, in aged obese patients, the weight loss, comorbidity control, and safety postoperative complications of bariatric surgery by Roux-en-Y gastric bypass technique. Methods Twenty-seven patients who underwent laparoscopic weight-reducing gastroplasty with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass to treat obesity were included. All patients were ≥ 60 years old at the time of surgery. The Wilcoxon test was used for statistical analysis, and a p-value ≤0.05it was considered significant. Results Ten (90.9%) patients with dyslipidemia were cured (p < 0.001). Nine (81.8%) patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus had total improvement and 2 (18.2%) had partial improvement (p = 0.003). In 23 patients with systemic arterial hypertension, 9 (39.1%) achieved total improvement and 14 (60.9%) partial improvement (p = 0.140). Five (71.4%) patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome were cured (p = <0.001). For other comorbidities, no partial improvement or cure was shown. Conclusions Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery in obese elderly patients can be performed safely and with low morbidity and mortality rates. The benefits of weight loss and reduced comorbidities are promising and like those of the younger population.

RESUMO: O Brasil dispõe de um dos maiores rebanhos bovinos comerciais do mundo, sendo natural que junto a esse rebanho, coexista uma enorme quantidade de espécies parasitárias; dentre estes o carrapato Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus que interfere na produtividade animal, causando prejuízos à pecuária de corte e leite. A utilização de acaricidas químicos no controle deste ácaro tem causado o surgimento de populações resistentes e neste sentido, controles alternativos utilizando plantas como fontes de acaricidas botânicos têm se mostrado eficazes. Eugenia pyriformis Cambess é uma planta brasileira com atividades antioxidante e antimicrobiana, entretanto não há relatos da atividade acaricida. O objetivo do presente estudo consistiu na avaliação do potencial acaricida e larvicida do óleo essencial das folhas de E. pyriformis sobre o carrapato bovino nos diferentes estágios do ciclo reprodutivo. As folhas foram coletadas, secas e o OE extraído por hidrodestilação (3 horas) em aparelho Clevenger modificado. A análise química foi realizada por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (CG/EM) sendo identificados 32 compostos, pertencentes à classe sesquiterpenos: hidrocarbonetos (17.98%) e oxigenados (81.96%); tendo como majoritários o spathulenol (43,65%) e caryophylene oxide (12,17%). O OE foi avaliado pelo teste de imersão de adultos nas concentrações (500,00 a 3,12mg/mL) onde foram mensurados os parâmetros: mortalidade das fêmeas (%), eclodibilidade dos ovos (%) e eficiência do produto (%). As larvas foram avaliadas pelo teste de imersão larval (Larval Packet Test) nas concentrações que variaram de 25,00 a 0,00004mg/mL. Foram determinadas as concentrações letais (CLs) necessárias para matar 50 e 99,9% das fêmeas adultas e das larvas utilizando a análise de Probitos. As CL50 e CL99,9 do OE foram (0,06 e 24,60mg/mL) para as larvas e (1.208,80 e 2.538mg/mL) para as fêmeas adultas, respectivamente. Outro parâmetro avaliado em nossa pesquisa foi mensurar a ação do OE no ciclo de vida livre das larvas de R.(B.) microplus; onde as larvas foram depositadas em vasos com Brachiaria decumbens e após migração destas para o ápice das folhas, foi aspergido solução contendo a CL99,9 (24,60mg/mL) do OE. Após 24 horas, 72,25% das larvas morreram indicando que houve estabilidade do OE quando submetido a condições de temperatura e umidade não controladas. O mecanismo de ação pelo qual o OE matou as larvas e fêmeas adultas foi investigado pelo método bioautográfico, indicando uma inibição de 3,15mg/mL do óleo essencial sobre a enzima acetilcolinesterase (AChE). Os resultados encontrados no presente experimento indicaram que o óleo essencial de E. pyriformis é uma alternativa no controle do carrapato bovino no estágio larval (parasitário) e no ciclo de vida livre (estágio não parasitário) em condições de campo.

ABSTRACT: Brazil has one of the largest commercial cattle herds in the world, which naturally coexist with an enormous number of parasitic species. Southern cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, is among these species, interfering with animal productivity and causing losses to the beef and dairy cattle sector. The use of chemical acaricides in the control of this mite has resulted in the emergence of resistant populations. In this sense, alternative control measures using plants as sources of botanical acaricides have shown to be effective. Eugenia pyriformis Cambess is a Brazilian plant with antioxidant and antimicrobial activity; however, there are no reports on its acaricidal activity in the literature. The present study aimed to evaluate the acaricidal and larvicidal potential of E. pyriformis leaf essential oil (EO) on southern cattle tick at different stages of the reproductive cycle. E. pyriformis leaves were collected and dried, and had their EO extracted by hydrodistillation (3h) using a modified Clevenger apparatus. Chemical analysis was performed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and 32 compounds belonging to the sesquiterpene class were identified: hydrocarbons (17.98%) and oxygenated forms (81.96%), with spathulenol (43.65%) and caryophyllene oxide (12.17%) as the most common. The EO was evaluated by the Adult Immersion Test at the concentrations (500.00 to 3.12mg/mL) in which the following parameters were measured: mortality of females (%), hatchability of eggs (%), and product efficiency (%). Larvae were assessed by the Larval Packet Test at concentrations ranging from 25.00 to 0.00004mg/mL. Lethal concentrations (LC) required for killing 50 and 99.9% of adult females and larvae were determined using Probit analysis. LC50 and LC99.9 of EO were 0.06 and 24.60mg/mL and 1,208.80 and 2,538mg/mL for larvae and adult females, respectively. Action of the EO in the free-living cycle of R. (B.) microplus larvae was another parameter assessed. To this end, the larvae were deposited in pots containing Brachiaria decumbens and, after migration to the leaf apex, a solution containing LC99.9 (24.60mg/mL) of the EO was sprayed. After 24h, 72.25% of the larvae had died, indicating stability of the EO when subjected to uncontrolled temperature and humidity conditions. The mechanism of action through which the EO killed the larvae and adult females was investigated by the Bioautographic Method, which showed inhibition of 3.15mg/mL of the EO on the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme. The results found in the present experiment indicate that E. pyriformis essential oil is an alternative in the control of southern cattle tick in the larval (parasitic) and free-living cycle (non-parasitic) stages under field conditions.

ABSTRACT Gallesia integrifolia (Phytolaccaceae) is native to Brazil and has a strong alliaceous odor. The objective of this study was to identify the chemical composition of G. integrifolia fruit essential oil and evaluate fungicidal activity against the main food-borne diseases and food spoilage fungi. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation and identified by GC–MS. From 35 identified compounds, 68% belonged to the organosulfur class. The major compounds were dimethyl trisulfide (15.49%), 2,8-dithianonane (52.63%) and lenthionine (14.69%). The utilized fungi were Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus versicolor, Penicillium funiculosum, Penicillium ochrochloron, Penicillium verrucosum var. cyclopium, and Trichoderma viride. Minimal fungicidal concentration for the essential oil varied from 0.02 to 0.18 mg/mL and bifonazole and ketoconazole controls ranged from 0.20 to 3.50 mg/mL. The lower concentration of the essential oil was able to control P. ochrochloron, A. fumigatus, A. versicolor, A. ochraceus and T. viride. This study shows a high fungicidal activity of G. integrifolia fruit essential oil and can support future applications by reducing the use of synthetic fungicides.

RESUMO O divertículo epifrênico é uma patologia rara associada a distúrbios motores esofágicos e, frequentemente, assintomática, tendo indicações cirúrgicas bem estabelecidas. Relatamos um caso de divertículo epifrênico gigante em paciente de 59 anos, sexo feminino, sintomática, diagnosticada por exames complementares. Devido à sintomatologia, optou-se por tratamento cirúrgico, sendo realizada a diverticulectomia esofágica com cardiomiotomia e fundoplicatura parcial anterior laparoscópica.

ABSTRACT Epiphrenic diverticulum is a rare disease associated with esophageal motor disorders that is usually asymptomatic and has a well-established surgical indication. We report a case of giant epiphrenic diverticulum in a 59-year-old symptomatic woman who was diagnosed after underwent complementary exams. Because of her symptoms, the surgical treatment was chosen, and esophageal diverticulectomy was performed along with laparoscopic cardiomyotomy and anterior partial fundoplication.

RESUMO Mulher de 79 anos, com achado incidental em ultrassonografia de abdome de lesão sólida em cauda de pâncreas. Em ressonância magnética, foi confirmada lesão de 12mm. Foi aventada a hipótese diagnóstica de tumor neuroendócrino não secretor, sendo realizada pancreatectomia distal laparoscópica. Em estudo anatomopatológico, diagnosticou-se tecido esplênico, configurando baço acessório intrapancreático. Este tipo de manifestação topográfica de baço é rara, mas deve fazer parte dos diagnósticos diferenciais em tumores sólidos do pâncreas.

ABSTRACT An asymptomatic 79-year-old woman, with incidental finding on abdominal ultrasound of a solid nodule in the tail of the pancreas. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a 12mm solid tumor. The suggested diagnosis was pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. The pathological examination showed an intrapancreatic splenic tissue. This is a rare ectopic location of spleen tissue and it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic solid tumors.

Resumo Um grupo de trabalho de costões rochosos (GT) integrado à ReBentos (Rede de Monitoramento de Habitats Bentônicos Costeiros), e vinculado à Sub-Rede Zonas Costeiras da Rede Clima (MCT) e ao Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia para Mudanças Climáticas (INCT-MC), foi criado para estudar a vulnerabilidade das comunidades bentônicas dos costões rochosos e os efeitos das alterações ambientais sobre a respectiva biota. A presente síntese foi um dos produtos desse GT e teve como objetivo principal levantar e revisar o conhecimento existente sobre as comunidades bentônicas de costões rochosos na costa brasileira, a biodiversidade associada, e verificar as potencialidades de estudos futuros para uma previsão/mensuração mais acurada dos efeitos das mudanças climáticas sobre os ambientes e sua biota.

Abstract A rocky shores working group (WG) integrated with ReBentos (Monitoring Network for Coastal Benthic Habitats; Rede de Monitoramento de Habitats Bentônicos Costeiros) was created and linked to the Coastal Zones Sub Network of the Climate Network (MCT; Sub-Rede Zonas Costeiras da Rede Clima) and to the National Institute of Science and Technology for Climate Change (INCT-MC; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia para Mudanças Climáticas), to study the vulnerability of benthic communities on rocky shores and the effects of environmental changes on biomes in such environments along the Brazilian coast. The synthesis presented here was one of the products of this GT, and aimed to collect and review existing knowledge on benthic communities present on rocky shores of the Brazilian coast, their associated biodiversity, and the potential of future studies to accurately predict/measure the effects of climate change on such environments and their biota.

ContextoA perda de qualidade de vida atribuída ao tratamento do câncer retal continua elevada. Neste contexto, a deterioração da função urinária é complicação relevante.ObjetivoIdentificar disfunção urinária e seus fatores de risco em doentes submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico do câncer de reto.MétodosRealizou-se estudo prospectivo com 42 doentes de ambos os sexos submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico com intenção curativa para adenocarcinoma de reto. Foi utilizado o questionário International Prostatic Symptom Score, validado na língua portuguesa, em dois períodos: imediatamente antes e após 6 meses do procedimento cirúrgico. Os fatores de risco para disfunção urinária foram analisados por regressão logística e teste t de Student.ResultadosApós 6 meses do procedimento cirúrgico, oito (19%) doentes apresentaram disfunção urinária moderada a grave e aumento na média do escore utilizado de 1,43 pontos no pré-operatório para 4,62 pontos no pós-operatório (P<0,001). A análise de fatores de risco para disfunção urinária não mostrou significância para as variáveis estudadas, idade, gênero, distância tumoral da margem anal, neoadjuvância, adjuvância, procedimento cirúrgico realizado, via de acesso cirúrgico (laparoscópica ou laparotômica) e tempo operatório.ConclusãoNos doentes com carcinoma retal operados com intenção curativa, a incidência de disfunção urinária moderada a grave após 6 meses da operação foi de 19%. Não foram identificados fatores de risco para disfunção urinária nesses doentes.

BackgroundThe impact on quality of life attributed to treatment for rectal cancer remains high. Deterioration of the urinary function is a relevant complication within that context.ObjectiveTo detect the presence of urinary dysfunction and its risk factors among individuals underwent surgical treatment for rectal cancer.MethodsThe present prospective study analyzed 42 patients from both genders underwent surgical treatment for rectal adenocarcinoma with curative intent. The version of the International Prostatic Symptom Score (IPSS) questionnaire validated for the Portuguese language was applied at two time-points: immediately before and 6 months after surgery. Risk factors for urinary dysfunction were analysed by means of logistic regression and Student’s t-test.ResultsEight (19%) participants exhibited moderate-to-severe urinary dysfunction 6 months after surgery; the average IPSS increased from 1.43 at baseline to 4.62 six months after surgery (P<0.001). None of the variables assessed as potential risk factors exhibited statistical significance, i.e., age, gender, distance from tumour to anal margin, neoadjuvant therapy, adjuvant therapy, type of surgery, surgical approach (laparoscopy or laparotomy), and duration of surgery.ConclusionThis study identified an incidence of 19% of moderate to severe urinary dysfuction after 6 months surveillance. No risk factor for urinary dysfunction was identified in this population.

CONTEXTO: O transplante hepático intervivos constitui alternativa para amenizar a falta de doação de órgãos. OBJETIVO: Identificar os fatores preditivos da perda precoce do enxerto hepático nos 3 primeiros meses após transplante hepático intervivo. MÉTODOS: Setenta e oito adultos submetidos ao transplante de fígado intervivos foram divididos em grupo I com 62 (79,5%) doentes com sobrevivência do enxerto superior a 3 meses, e grupo II com 16 (20,5%) que faleceram e/ou apresentaram falha do enxerto até 3 meses após o transplante hepático. As variáveis analisadas foram: sexo, idade, origem da doença hepática, classificação de Child-Pugh, critério MELD, nível sérico de sódio pré-transplante e relação GRBW. O critério MELD foi categorizado em > 18 e a relação GRBW em < 0,8. Na avaliação dos fatores de risco para perda precoce do enxerto hepático foi utilizada a análise uni e multivariada. RESULTADOS: Critério MELD <18 (P = 0,001) e nível sérico de sódio >135 mEq/L (P = 0,03) foram maiores nos doentes do grupo II. A probabilidade de perda do enxerto no transplante hepático intervivos teve como variáveis independentes o índice MELD > 18 e a relação GRBW< 0,8. CONCLUSÃO: Os valores de MELD >18 e GRBW <0,8 estão associados com maior probabilidade de insucesso no transplante hepático intervivos.

CONTEXT: Living donor liver transplantation has become an alternative to reduce the lack of organ donation. OBJECTIVE: To identify factors predictive of early graft loss in the first 3 months after living donor liver transplantation. METHODS: Seventy-eight adults submitted to living donor liver transplantation were divided into group I with 62 (79.5%) patients with graft survival longer than 3 months, and group II with 16 (20.5%) patients who died and/or showed graft failure within 3 months after liver transplantation. The variables analyzed were gender, age, etiology of liver disease, Child-Pugh classification, model of end-stage liver disease (MELD score), pretransplantation serum sodium level, and graft weight-to-recipient body weight (GRBW) ratio. The GRBW ratio was categorized into < 0.8 and MELD score into >18. The chi-square test, Student t-test and uni- and multivariate analysis were used for the evaluation of risk factors for early graft loss. RESULTS: MELD score <18 (P<0.001) and serum sodium level > 135 mEq/L (P = 0.03) were higher in group II than in group I. In the multivariate analysis MELD scores > 18 (P<0.001) and GRBW ratios < 0.8 (P<0.04) were significant. CONCLUSIONS: MELD scores >18 and GRBW < 0.8 ratios are associated with higher probability of graft failure after living donor liver transplantation.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o comportamento funcional do alotransplante com imunossupressão de ilhotas pancreáticas no baço. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados cinco grupos de 10 cães mestiços: grupo A (controle) submetido aos exames bioquímicos; grupo B, submetido à pancreatectomia total; grupo C (autotransplante) submetido à pancreatectomia total e autotransplantação de ilhotas pancreáticas no baço; grupo D, submetido à alotransplantação de ilhotas pancreáticas no baço sem terapia imunossupressiva; grupo E, submetido à alotransplantação de ilhotas no baço e imunossupressão com ciclosporina. Todos os animais transplantados receberam ilhotas pancreáticas isoladas pelo método mecânico-enzimático, digestão estacionária com colagenase e purificação com gradiente de densidade descontínua de dextran e foram implantadas no baço. RESULTADOS: Animais autotransplantados e alotransplantados com imunossupressão que se tornaram normoglicêmicos apresentaram testes de tolerância à glicose intravenosa alterados (p<0,001) e o nível de insulina plasmática periférica e na veia esplênica foram significantemente menores (p<0,001) nos animais alotransplantados com imunossupressão em relação aos autotransplantados. CONCLUSÃO: Nos animais submetidos ao alotransplante de ilhotas pancreáticas com imunossupressão com ciclosporina e preparadas pelo método mecânico-enzimático, digestão estacionária com colagenase e purificação com gradiente de densidade descontínua de dextran, a produção de insulina está diminuída e a resposta à sobrecarga de glicose intravenosa alterada.

PURPOSE: To study the functional behavior of the allograft with immunosuppression of pancreatic islets in the spleen. METHODS: Five groups of 10 Mongrel dogs were used: Group A (control) underwent biochemical tests; Group B underwent total pancreatectomy; Group C underwent total pancreatectomy and pancreatic islet autotransplant in the spleen; Group D underwent pancreatic islet allograft in the spleen without immunosuppressive therapy; Group E underwent pancreatic islet allograft in the spleen and immunosuppression with cyclosporine. All of the animals with grafts received pancreatic islets prepared by the mechanical-enzymatic method - stationary collagenase digestion and purification with dextran discontinuous density gradient, implanted in the spleen. RESULTS: The animals with autotransplant and those with allografts with immunosuppression that became normoglycemic showed altered results of intravenous tolerance glucose (p < 0.001) and peripheral and splenic vein plasmatic insulin levels were significantly lower (p < 0.001) in animals that had allografts with immunosuppression than in those with just autotransplants. CONCLUSIONS: In the animals with immunosupression with cyclosporine subjected to allograft of pancreatic islets prepared with the mechanical-enzymatic preparation method (stationary collagenase digestion and purification with dextran discontinuous density gradient), the production of insulin is decreased and the response to intravenous glucose is altered.