ABSTRACT The canonical position of the adjectives in Romance languages is post-nominal. However, it is observed a triparted distribution: although the majority of the romance adjectives is exclusively post-nominal, a very few adjectives can be only pre-nominal, and a relatively numerous group of adjectives can come after and also before the nucleus, with a change in meaning. Despite those distributional patterns, for the cartography approach there are only two syntactic sources for adjectives: a reduced relative (always post-nominal, leading to extensional interpretation) and functional projections, which include all pre-nominal adjectives and some post-nominal adjectives, responsible for the intensional interpretation. We propose that those adjectives that are licensed in Italian both before and after the nominal head are in a functional projection, DegP, and are implicit comparatives. The difference in interpretation (intensional and extensional) is a byproduct of the distinct domains from which the comparison parameter comes from, and not determined by the syntax. Neither the distribution nor the interpretation of adjectives in Romance languages can be explained solely based on the syntactic source. We defend the need to resort to semantics, adopting a degree semantics. All flexible adjectives (licensed in both the canonical and non-canonical positions) in a corpus of Italian were identified as gradable adjectives by independent tests. postnominal. postnominal post nominal. However postnominal, nominal, prenominal, prenominal pre nucleus meaning patterns always projections projection DegP comparatives syntax source semantics noncanonical non positions tests

RESUMO Em línguas românicas, a posição canônica do adjetivo é a pós-nominal. Observou-se, porém, que, embora a maioria dos adjetivos seja apenas pós-nominal em línguas românicas, alguns poucos adjetivos aparecem somente como pré-nominais, e há um grupo, mais extenso, que pode vir antes ou depois do núcleo, com mudança de sentido. Apesar desses três padrões distribucionais, para a abordagem cartográfica, há apenas duas fontes sintáticas: relativas reduzidas (associadas a adjetivos pós-nominais, de interpretação extensional) e projeções funcionais, que incluem todos os adjetivos pré-nominais e alguns pós-nominais, identificadas pela interpretação intensional. Propomos que aqueles adjetivos que são licenciados em italiano tanto antes quanto depois do núcleo nominal estão em uma projeção funcional, DegP, e são comparativas implícitas. As diferentes interpretações (intensional e extensional) são fruto de diferenças no domínio de onde provém o parâmetro de comparação, e não de fontes sintáticas diversas. Portanto, propomos que nem a distribuição nem a interpretação de adjetivos em línguas românicas podem ser explicadas apenas com base na fonte sintática. Defendemos a necessidade de recorrer a um componente semântico. Adotamos a semântica de graus. Todos os adjetivos móveis (licenciados tanto na posição atributiva canônica quanto na outra) em um corpus do italiano passaram nos testes independentes como sendo adjetivos de grau. pósnominal. pósnominal pós nominal. Observouse, Observouse Observou se, se Observou-se porém prénominais, prénominais pré nominais, nominais grupo extenso sentido distribucionais cartográfica associadas pósnominais, pósnominais pós-nominais extensional funcionais intensional funcional DegP implícitas comparação diversas Portanto sintática semântico graus outra grau

Abstract The objective of the present study was to investigate the frequency of oral leukoplakia and oral erythroplakia among young patients from three Brazilian reference centers in Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. A retrospective study was carried out from 2011 to 2021 on 861 patients diagnosed with oral leukoplakia and oral erythroplakia. Demographic and clinicopathological data were evaluated. Fisher’s exact test was used to evaluate the association among sex, age, anatomical location, and histopathological diagnosis. A total of 83 (9.64%) cases involved young patients (aged <40 years). Among these, biopsy records were included in 31 (37.34%) cases, all of which received a clinical diagnosis of oral leukoplakia. Seventeen (54.84%) patients were female, mostly in their fourth decade of life (n = 22/70.97%), and their mean age at diagnosis was 32.61(± 5.21) years. Among informed cases, seven (22.58%) patients were smokers. The lateral border of the tongue (n = 9/29.03%) was the most affected site. In 13 (41.94%) cases, oral leukoplakias showed a homogeneous appearance. The mean size of the lesions was 1.47 cm (0.2–3.0 cm) and the mean time of disease progression was 64.37 (± 65.90) months. The histopathological analysis showed that 11 cases (35.48%) exhibited some degree of epithelial dysplasia. Acanthosis and/or hyperkeratosis were observed in 20 cases (64.52%). No significant associations were observed between sex and anatomical location, age and anatomical location, nor between sex and histological diagnosis (p > 0.05). Oral leukoplakia and oral erythroplakia are uncommon diseases in young patients. In this population, oral leukoplakia shows a slight predilection for women aged between 30 and 39 years. Pathology 201 202 86 evaluated Fishers Fisher s location 8 9.64% 964 9 64 (9.64% 40 <4 years . years) these 3 37.34% 3734 37 34 (37.34% 54.84% 5484 54 84 (54.84% female n 22/70.97%, 227097 22/70.97% , 22 70 97 22/70.97%) 32.61± 3261 32.61 ± 32 61 32.61( 5.21 521 5 21 22.58% 2258 58 (22.58% smokers 9/29.03% 92903 29 03 site 1 41.94% 4194 41 94 (41.94% appearance 147 47 1.4 0.2–3.0 0230 0 2 (0.2–3. 6437 64.3 ( 65.90 6590 65 90 months 35.48% 3548 35 48 (35.48% dysplasia andor or 64.52%. 6452 64.52% 52 (64.52%) p 0.05. 005 0.05 05 0.05) population 9.64 96 6 (9.64 4 < 37.34 373 (37.34 54.84 548 (54.84 22709 22/70.97 7 326 32.6 5.2 22.58 225 (22.58 9/29.03 9290 41.94 419 (41.94 14 1. 0.2–3. 023 (0.2–3 643 64. 65.9 659 35.48 354 (35.48 645 64.52 (64.52% 00 0.0 9.6 (9.6 37.3 (37.3 54.8 (54.8 2270 22/70.9 32. 5. 22.5 (22.5 9/29.0 929 41.9 (41.9 0.2–3 02 (0.2– 65. 35.4 (35.4 64.5 (64.52 0. 9. (9. 37. (37. 54. (54. 227 22/70. 22. (22. 9/29. 92 41. (41. 0.2– (0.2 35. (35. (64.5 (9 (37 (54 22/70 (22 9/29 (41 0.2 (0. (35 (64. (3 (5 22/7 (2 9/2 (4 (0 (64 22/ 9/ (6

Abstract Background Stress is the feeling of discomfort or oppression caused by an individual's reaction to stressors, which can be internal or external, varying according to the person's perception and coping ability. Objective To evaluate the prevalence and associated factors related to the intensity of stressful events in college students. Methods A cross-sectional study with 1,842 new college students of Pelotas, RS. The prevalence of stressful events was evaluated using a score. Exposure variables were sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, age, skin color, marital status, maternal schooling, socioeconomic class, occupation, place of origin, cohabitation, place of residence, tobacco, alcohol, and drug use. Results The overall prevalence of stressful events in the sample was high (95.3%). The most prevalent stressful events were feeling very anxious about graduation overload (83,8%) and pressure to perform well (65,0%). The associated factors were: (a) women: age 18 to 22, be homosexual/bisexual, and be from other cities of the state or other state/country; (b) men: being homosexual/bisexual, coming from another state/country, and alcohol consumption at least two to three times a week. Conclusion The high prevalence of stressful events indicates that greater attention should be directed to the mental health of college students. individuals individual s stressors external persons person ability crosssectional cross sectional 1842 1 842 1,84 Pelotas RS score sex identity orientation color status schooling class occupation origin cohabitation residence tobacco use 95.3%. 953 95.3% . 95 3 (95.3%) 83,8% 838 83 8 (83,8% 65,0%. 650 65,0% 65 0 (65,0%) (a women 22 homosexualbisexual homosexual bisexual homosexual/bisexual state/country statecountry country b (b men week 184 84 1,8 95.3 9 (95.3% 83,8 (83,8 65,0 6 (65,0% 2 1, 95. (95.3 83, (83, 65, (65,0 (95. (83 (65, (95 (8 (65 (9 ( (6

Resumo Introdução O estresse é a sensação de desconforto ou opressão causada pela reação do indivíduo a eventos estressores, que podem ser internos ou externos, variando conforme a percepção e a capacidade de enfrentamento de cada pessoa. Objetivo Identificar a prevalência e os fatores associados a eventos estressores em universitários. Métodos Estudo transversal, com 1.842 estudantes universitários ingressantes, da cidade de Pelotas-RS. A ocorrência dos eventos estressores foi avaliada por meio de um escore. As variáveis independentes foram: sexo, identidade de gênero, orientação sexual, idade, cor da pele, situação conjugal, escolaridade materna, classe socioeconômica, situação ocupacional, local de origem, coabitação, local da moradia e consumo de tabaco, bebida alcoólica e drogas. Resultados A prevalência geral de eventos estressores na amostra foi alta (95,3%). Os eventos mais prevalentes foram: sentir-se muito ansioso pela sobrecarga da graduação (83,8%) e pela pressão para ter bom desempenho acadêmico (65,0%). Os fatores associados foram: (a) mulheres: ter entre 18 a 22 anos, ser homossexual/bissexual e ser proveniente de outras cidades do estado ou de outro estado/país; (b) homens: ser homossexual/bissexual, ser proveniente de outro estado/país e consumir bebida alcoólica semanalmente. Conclusão A elevada prevalência de eventos estressores demonstra que maior atenção deve ser direcionada à saúde mental da população universitária. externos pessoa transversal 1842 1 842 1.84 ingressantes PelotasRS. PelotasRS Pelotas RS. RS Pelotas-RS escore foram sexo gênero sexual idade pele conjugal materna socioeconômica ocupacional origem coabitação tabaco drogas 95,3%. 953 95,3% . 95 3 (95,3%) sentirse sentir se 83,8% 838 83 8 (83,8% 65,0%. 650 65,0% 65 0 (65,0%) (a mulheres 2 anos homossexualbissexual homossexual bissexual estadopaís país b (b homens semanalmente universitária 184 84 1.8 95,3 9 (95,3% 83,8 (83,8 65,0 6 (65,0% 1. 95, (95,3 83, (83, 65, (65,0 (95, (83 (65, (95 (8 (65 (9 ( (6

Abstract There is an interaction between dendrocytes and mast cells in the skin. However, in elastosis-related diseases such as actinic cheilitis (AC) and lower lip squamous cell carcinoma (LLSCC), this interaction remains unknown. We investigated the presence of intact and degranulated mast cells in AC and LLSCC. Associations of mast cells with factor XIIIa+ dendrocytes and inflammatory infiltrate were assessed. Forty cases of AC (20 with low-grade and 20 with high-grade epithelial dysplasia), 50 cases of LLSCC, and 10 cases of normal oral mucosa were evaluated. Toluidine blue staining was performed to identify mast cells, and mast cell densities were calculated in the inflammatory infiltrate. Factor XIIIa+ dendrocytes were immunohistochemically quantified. The highest ratio of intact/degranulated mast cells density was detected in LLSCC (5.9 cells/mm2), followed by AC with high-grade epithelial dysplasia (4.8 cells/mm2). Statistically significant differences were found in the density of intact mast cells compared to degranulated mast cells in AC with low-grade epithelial dysplasia (p<0.001), AC with high-grade epithelial dysplasia (p=0.005), and LLSCC (p<0.001). A positive correlation between degranulated mast cells and total inflammatory infiltrate (p=0.03) was observed in the LLSCC group. The expression of factor XIIIa+ dendrocytes was highest in AC with low-grade epithelial dysplasia (16.5 cells/mm2). The link between mast cell density, factor XIIIa+ dendrocytes, and inflammatory infiltrate indicates a potential crosstalk in lip carcinogenesis. skin However elastosisrelated elastosis related (AC , (LLSCC) unknown XIIIa assessed (2 lowgrade low grade 2 highgrade high dysplasia, dysplasia) 5 1 evaluated quantified intactdegranulated 5.9 59 9 (5. cells/mm2, cellsmm2 cellsmm cells/mm2 mm2 mm cells/mm2) 4.8 48 4 8 (4. cells/mm2. . p<0.001, p0001 p p<0.001 0 001 (p<0.001) p=0.005, p0005 p=0.005 005 (p=0.005) p<0.001. p=0.03 p003 03 (p=0.03 group 16.5 165 16 (16. carcinogenesis (LLSCC ( 5. (5 cells/mm 4. (4 p000 p<0.00 00 (p<0.001 p=0.00 (p=0.005 p=0.0 p00 (p=0.0 16. (16 p<0.0 (p<0.00 (p=0.00 p=0. p0 (p=0. (1 p<0. (p<0.0 p=0 (p=0 p<0 (p<0. p= (p= p< (p<0 (p (p<

The Xingu River crosses several indigenous territories along its course, among which is one of the most extensive and populous in Brazil. There lives Mebêngôkre (Kayapó) people, who speak the language of the same name, from the Jê family, Macro-Jê trunk. Its reserves occupy areas covering the states of Mato Grosso and Pará. Among them is the Kayapó TI with more than 30 schools in the region, but the Mebêngôkre still suffer the typical pressures of minority languages. In 2019, the language was made co-official in São Félix do Xingu (PA). This fact has not yet changed the local linguistic reality. In order to admit and forward the demands of the Mebêngôkre regarding their linguistic rights, the Extension Project Actions to Combat Linguistic Prejudice (UFRJ), in partnership with the municipality's Department of Indigenous School Education, created the action "Me kuni umari — in network for the rights language”. That is the experience reported here.

O Rio Xingu atravessa diversos territórios indígenas ao longo de seu curso, dentre os quais, está um dos mais extensos e populosos no Brasil. Ali vive o povo Mebêngôkre (Kayapó), que fala a língua de mesmo nome, da família Jê, tronco Macro-Jê. Suas reservas ocupam áreas que abragem os estados do Mato Grosso e Pará. Entre elas está a TI Kayapó com mais de 30 escolas na região, mas os Mebêngôkre sofrem as pressões típicas de línguas minorizadas. Em 2019, a língua foi cooficializada em São Félix do Xingu (PA), mas esse fato ainda não modificou a contento a realidade linguística local. Para recolher e encaminhar as demandas dos Mebêngôkre quanto a seus direitos linguísticos, o Projeto de Extensão Ações de Combate ao Preconceito Linguístico (UFRJ), em parceria com o Departamento de Educação Escolar Indígena do município, criaram a ação “Me kuni umari — em rede pelos direitos linguísticos”, da qual trata este relato de experiência.

Abstract The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence, clinicopathological, and prognostic features of acinic cell carcinoma (AciCC) of the oral and maxillofacial region. AciCC cases were retrospectively retrieved from 11 pathology centers of three different countries. Medical records were examined to extract demographic, clinical, pathologic, and follow-up information. A total of 75 cases were included. Females (65.33%) with a mean age of 45.51 years were mostly affected. The lesions usually presented as an asymptomatic (64.28%) nodule (95.66%) in the parotid gland (70.68%). The association of two histopathological patterns was the most common finding (48.93%) and the tumors presented mainly conventional histopathological grades (86.11%). Surgical treatment was performed in the majority of the cases (59.19%). Local recurrence was observed in 20% of the informed cases, regional metastasis in 30.43%, and distant metastasis in 12.50%. The statistical analysis showed that the cases with a solid histopathological pattern (p=0.01), high-grade transformation (p=0.008), recurrence (p=0.007), and regional metastasis (p=0.03) were associated with poor survival. In conclusion, high histopathological transformation, presence of nodal metastasis, and recurrence were prognostic factors for AciCC of the oral and maxillofacial region. prevalence clinicopathological (AciCC region 1 countries demographic clinical pathologic followup follow up information 7 included 65.33% 6533 65 33 (65.33% 4551 45 51 45.5 affected 64.28% 6428 64 28 (64.28% 95.66% 9566 95 66 (95.66% 70.68%. 7068 70.68% . 70 68 (70.68%) 48.93% 4893 48 93 (48.93% 86.11%. 8611 86.11% 86 (86.11%) 59.19%. 5919 59.19% 59 19 (59.19%) 20 3043 30 43 30.43% 1250 12 50 12.50% p=0.01, p001 p p=0.01 , 0 01 (p=0.01) highgrade grade p=0.008, p0008 p=0.008 008 (p=0.008) p=0.007, p0007 p=0.007 007 (p=0.007) p=0.03 p003 03 (p=0.03 survival conclusion 65.33 653 6 3 (65.33 455 4 5 45. 64.28 642 2 (64.28 95.66 956 9 (95.66 706 70.68 (70.68% 48.93 489 (48.93 861 86.11 8 (86.11% 591 59.19 (59.19% 304 30.43 125 12.50 p00 p=0.0 (p=0.01 p000 p=0.00 00 (p=0.008 (p=0.007 (p=0.0 65.3 (65.3 64.2 (64.2 95.6 (95.6 70.6 (70.68 48.9 (48.9 86.1 (86.11 59.1 (59.19 30.4 12.5 p0 p=0. (p=0.00 (p=0. 65. (65. 64. (64. 95. (95. 70. (70.6 48. (48. 86. (86.1 59. (59.1 30. 12. p=0 (p=0 (65 (64 (95 (70. (48 (86. (59. p= (p= (6 (9 (70 (4 (86 (59 (p ( (7 (8 (5

ABSTRACT Contemporary Portuguese does not have a direct negator for D-quantifiers (*‘Não cada cachorro late’ ‘Not every dog barks’) (Souza, 2017); but a combination of ‘todo’ with ‘nem’, derived from Latin’s ‘nec’ (‘Nem todo cachorro late’/ ‘Not all dogs bark’), apparently yields a universal negation reading (¬∀). However, ‘nem’ is restrained to the very beginning of the sentence (*‘Eu não vi nem todo cachorro correr’ ‘I didn’t see every dog run’), or follows a topic (‘À minha aula, nem todo aluno veio’ ‘To my class, not every student came’) (Peres 2013). Following Gianollo (2020), ‘nem todo’ is analyzed as a discourse structuring particle. ‘Nem’ contains an additive layer over a negation component. It denies the maximization presupposition triggered by the universal quantifier, linking the new information given by the pronounced sentence to previously established contextual information. ‘Nem todo’ instructs the conversation participants to correct their common ground expectations about the participation of the entire nominal domain in the situation. By ‘nem’s distribution in Brazilian Portuguese today and its presence from the XV century to the XXI century, ‘nec’ as a discourse structuring particle did not disappear in romance languages, contrary to Gianollo (2020). Dquantifiers D quantifiers *‘Não Não late Not barks barks’ Souza, Souza (Souza 2017 2017) ‘todo ‘nem, , Latins Latin s ‘nec nec Nem late/ / bark, bark bark’) ¬∀. ¬∀ . (¬∀) However *‘Eu Eu correr I didnt didn t run, run run’) ‘À À aula veio To class came came’ Peres 2013. 2013 2013) 2020, 2020 (2020) component quantifier situation ‘nems nems languages 2020. 201 bark’ ¬ (¬∀ run’ 202 (2020 20 (¬ (202 2 ( (20 (2

RESUMO O português hodierno não apresenta partícula negadora especializada em quantificadores nominais (D-quantificadores) (*‘Não cada cachorro late’) (Souza, 2017). Entretanto, é frequente a combinação do universal ‘todo’ com a partícula ‘nem’, derivada do Latim ‘nec’ (‘Nem todo cachorro late’). Aparentemente, ‘nem todo’ gera a negação do quantificador (¬∀). Porém, ‘nem todo’ está restrito ao fronteamento da sentença (*‘Eu não vi nem todo cachorro correr’) ou após constituintes topicalizados (‘À minha aula, nem todo aluno veio’) (Peres, 2013). Neste trabalho, conforme Gianollo (2020), ‘nem’ seguido de ‘todo’ será analisado como uma partícula estruturante do discurso. ‘Nem’ contém uma camada aditiva, sobre outra negativa. A camada aditiva liga a informação nova trazida pela sentença iniciada por ‘nem todo’ a uma informação do contexto previamente estabelecido. A camada negativa rejeita a pressuposição de maximalidade disparada pelo universal, instruindo os falantes a corrigirem suas expectativas sobre a aplicação da predicação sentencial ao domínio nominal completo quantificado por ‘todo’. O exame da distribuição de ‘nem todo’ em português brasileiro contemporâneo e sua presença do século XV ao XXI indicam que a função de ‘nec’ como partícula discursiva estruturante não se extinguiu em seus sucessores nas românicas, contra Gianollo (2020). Dquantificadores D (D-quantificadores *‘Não Não late late’ Souza, Souza (Souza 2017. 2017 . 2017) Entretanto ‘todo ‘nem, , ‘nec nec ‘Nem Nem late. Aparentemente ¬∀. ¬∀ (¬∀) Porém *‘Eu Eu correr correr’ ‘À À aula veio veio’ Peres, Peres (Peres 2013. 2013 2013) trabalho 2020, 2020 (2020) discurso estabelecido ‘todo. românicas 2020. 201 ¬ (¬∀ 202 (2020 20 (¬ (202 2 ( (20 (2

Resumo O helminto Echinococcus vogeliRausch & Bernstein, 1972 é o agente causador da Equinococose Neotropical, uma doença zoonótica crônica e endêmica da região Neotropical. Este parasito é transmitido entre o cachorro-vinagre (Speothos venaticus) e suas presas, como pacas (Cuniculus paca) e cutias (Dasyprocta spp.). No Brasil, a maioria dos casos humanos de Equinococose Neotropical é registrada nos estados do Acre e Pará, embora existam poucos dados disponíveis sobre a ocorrência de potenciais hospedeiros definitivos e intermediários de E. vogeli na Amazônia. No presente estudo, foram investigadas áreas de floresta ao redor de 46 comunidades humanas localizadas no interior e entorno de seis unidades de conservação de uso sustentável no sudoeste da bacia amazônica brasileira e, por meio de armadilhas fotográficas, foram avaliadas as presenças de potenciais hospedeiros silvestres de E. vogeli. Adicionalmente, foram avaliados o padrão de consumo da carne dos hospedeiros silvestres por meio de entrevistas com 136 moradores dessas comunidades. Foram registradas pacas, cutias e cachorros-vinagre, bem como cães domésticos (Canis familiaris) utilizando os mesmos habitats, todos potenciais reservatórios da Equinococose Neotropical. Além disto, confirmamos a alto consumo de paca e cutia nas comunidades. Os dados do presente trabalho contribuem para pesquisas em andamento sobre a presença dos potenciais reservatórios de E. vogeli em ambientes brasileiros.

Abstract The helminth Echinococcus vogeliRausch & Bernstein, 1972 is a causative agent of Neotropical Echinococcosis, a chronic zoonotic disease which is endemic to the Neotropical region. This parasite is transmitted from bush dogs (Speothos venaticus) to their prey, which include lowland pacas (Cuniculus paca) and agoutis (Dasyprocta spp.). In Brazil, most human cases of Neotropical Echinococcosis have been recorded in the Amazonian states of Acre and Pará, although few data are available on the occurrence of the potential definitive or intermediate hosts of E. vogeli in the Amazon region. In the present study, we surveyed the forests surrounding 46 human communities located within and around of outside six sustainable-use protected areas in the southwestern Amazon basin of Brazil. The forests were surveyed using camera traps to determine the local presence of potential wild hosts of E. vogeli, and the exploitation of these hosts for game meat was evaluated through interviews with 136 subsistence hunters resident in the local communities. We recorded pacas, agoutis, and bush dogs, as well as domestic dogs (Canis familiaris), all potential reservoirs of Neotropical Echinococcosis, using the same habitats. We also confirmed the frequent consumption of paca and agouti meat by subsistence hunters and their families in the study communities. Our data contribute to the understanding of the occurrence of E. vogeli in Brazilian ecosystems.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the presence of immature CD1a+ and mature CD83+ dendritic cells in oral squamous cell carcinoma, to compare immunoreactivity between smokers and nonsmokers, and to correlate the results with histopathological grading. In this observational study, twenty-eight paraffin-embedded biopsies of oral squamous cell carcinoma were retrospectively retrieved and submitted to immunohistochemistry for immature CD1a+ and mature CD83+. Descriptive and statistical analyses were performed. The sample consisted of 18 man (64.3%) and 10 women (35.7%), with a mean age of 64.6 years in the nonsmoker group and 53.2 years in the smoker group. The tongue (11 cases, 39.2%) was the most commonly affected anatomical site, followed by gingiva (6 cases, 21.4%). Histopathological grading revealed 7 low-grade and 7 high-grade malignancy cases in each group, and no correlation with the number of positive DCs. The number of immature CD1a+ was not significantly different between smoker and nonsmoker groups, while a lower number of mature CD83+ was detected in the smoker group (p = 0.001). Smoking changes the oral immune system and decreases the ability to activate and mature dendritic cells, which may influence the development and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi descrever a frequência e tipos de refeições realizadas por idosos de Pelotas-RS e fatores associados à frequência adequada de refeições. Foi realizado estudo transversal com indivíduos ≥60 anos. Questionou-se sobre as refeições diárias na semana anterior à entrevista. A adequação de refeições foi definida conforme recomendação do Ministério da Saúde (pelo menos três refeições principais e dois lanches por dia). As variáveis independentes foram as características sociodemográficas, de saúde e da rotina alimentar. Razões de prevalência e intervalos de confiança de 95% foram calculados por regressão de Poisson. Dos 1.438 idosos entrevistados, cerca de 40% afirmaram realizar quatro refeições diárias. O almoço foi a refeição mais relatada, seguido do café da manhã. Apresentaram frequên cia adequada de refeições 30,6% dos homens e 38,6% das mulheres (p=0,002). Homens com edentulismo (perda dentária total) tiveram 35% maior probabilidade de adequação, enquanto essa probabilidade foi cerca de 30% menor em mulheres de cor da pele não branca, não escolarizadas e que declararam falta de dinheiro para a compra de alimentos. Um a cada três idosos atendeu a recomendação da frequência adequada de refeições e algumas características sociodemográficas foram negativamente associadas com esse hábito.

Abstract The scope of this study was to describe the frequency and types of meals consumed by the elderly in Pelotas (Brazil) and factors associated with the adequacy of meal frequency. A cross-sectional study was carried out with ≥60 years of age individuals. They were asked about daily meals during the week prior to the interview. The adequacy of meals was defined as recommended by the Ministry of Health (at least three main meals and two small snacks per day). The independent variables were sociodemographic, health and food routine characteristics. Prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using Poisson regression. Of the 1,438 elderly individuals interviewed, about 40% reported consuming four meals a day. Lunch was the most reported meal, followed by breakfast. A total of 30.6% of men and 38.6% of women had adequate frequency of meals (p=0.002). Men with edentulism (total tooth loss) were 35% more likely to eat adequately, while this probability was about 30% lower among non-white women, those without schooling and those who reported a lack of money to buy food. One in each three elderly people met the recommendation of adequate frequency of meals and some sociodemographic characteristics were negatively associated with this habit.

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi descrever a frequência e tipos de refeições realizadas por idosos de Pelotas-RS e fatores associados à frequência adequada de refeições. Foi realizado estudo transversal com indivíduos ≥60 anos. Questionou-se sobre as refeições diárias na semana anterior à entrevista. A adequação de refeições foi definida conforme recomendação do Ministério da Saúde (pelo menos três refeições principais e dois lanches por dia). As variáveis independentes foram as características sociodemográficas, de saúde e da rotina alimentar. Razões de prevalência e intervalos de confiança de 95% foram calculados por regressão de Poisson. Dos 1.438 idosos entrevistados, cerca de 40% afirmaram realizar quatro refeições diárias. O almoço foi a refeição mais relatada, seguido do café da manhã. Apresentaram frequên cia adequada de refeições 30,6% dos homens e 38,6% das mulheres (p=0,002). Homens com edentulismo (perda dentária total) tiveram 35% maior probabilidade de adequação, enquanto essa probabilidade foi cerca de 30% menor em mulheres de cor da pele não branca, não escolarizadas e que declararam falta de dinheiro para a compra de alimentos. Um a cada três idosos atendeu a recomendação da frequência adequada de refeições e algumas características sociodemográficas foram negativamente associadas com esse hábito.

Abstract The scope of this study was to describe the frequency and types of meals consumed by the elderly in Pelotas (Brazil) and factors associated with the adequacy of meal frequency. A cross-sectional study was carried out with ≥60 years of age individuals. They were asked about daily meals during the week prior to the interview. The adequacy of meals was defined as recommended by the Ministry of Health (at least three main meals and two small snacks per day). The independent variables were sociodemographic, health and food routine characteristics. Prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using Poisson regression. Of the 1,438 elderly individuals interviewed, about 40% reported consuming four meals a day. Lunch was the most reported meal, followed by breakfast. A total of 30.6% of men and 38.6% of women had adequate frequency of meals (p=0.002). Men with edentulism (total tooth loss) were 35% more likely to eat adequately, while this probability was about 30% lower among non-white women, those without schooling and those who reported a lack of money to buy food. One in each three elderly people met the recommendation of adequate frequency of meals and some sociodemographic characteristics were negatively associated with this habit.

RESUMO A COVID-19 iniciou em dezembro de 2019, na cidade de Wuhan na China e em 11 de março de 2020 foi classificada pela Organização Mundial de Saúde como pandemia. Trata-se de uma infecção assintomática que pode evoluir para quadros respiratórios graves. Em adultos é mais prevalente, mas também é observada em crianças, com ocorrência de sintomatologias extra respiratórias, como as manifestações bucais e cutâneas. Esta revisão de literatura objetiva relatar as manifestações bucais e cutâneas da COVID-19 em pacientes pediátricos. A estratégia de busca bibliográfica foi realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, SciELO e Bireme em 01/Agosto/2020, utilizando MeSH Terms “COVID-19”; “Child”; “Oral Manifestations”; “Skin Manifestations”; “Ageusia”; “Dysgeusia” e Decs correspondentes, e ainda busca manual, sem restrição de idiomas. As etapas de busca, triagem, seleção, avaliação dos estudos e extração dos dados foram realizadas por quatro revisores independentes. Foram identificados nove estudos que atenderam aos critérios de elegibilidade. As manifestações bucais e cutâneas mais citadas foram, respectivamente, a disfunção gustativa em adolescentes e a erupção eritematosa em extremidades e tronco. Os profissionais de saúde devem ficar atentos às referidas manifestações, entretanto, trata-se de um tema recente na literatura, estudos mais criteriosos, com maior força de evidência ainda precisam ser realizados.

ABSTRACT COVID-19 began in December 2019 in Wuhan City, China, and on March 11, 2020 it was classified by the World Health Organization as a pandemic. It is an asymptomatic infection that can progress to severe respiratory conditions. In adults, it is more prevalent, but is also observed in children, with the occurrence of extra respiratory symptoms, such as oral and cutaneous manifestations. This literature review aims to report the oral and cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 in pediatric patients. The bibliographic search strategy was carried out in the PubMed, SciELO and Bireme databases on August 1, 2020, using MeSH Terms “COVID-19”; “Child”; “Oral Manifestations”; “Skin Manifestations”; “Ageusia”; “Dysgeusia” and corresponding Decs, and also manual search, without language restriction. The stages of search, screening, selection, evaluation of studies and data extraction were performed by four independent reviewers. Nine studies that met the eligibility criteria were identified. The most cited oral and cutaneous manifestations were, respectively, taste dysfunction in adolescents and erythematous eruption in extremities and trunk. Health professionals should be aware of these manifestations, however, this is a recent theme in the literature, and more careful studies with greater strength of evidence still need to be performed.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia de estratégias lúdicas para interrupção do hábito de sucção de chupeta e a autocorreção da mordida aberta anterior na dentição decídua. Métodos: A coleta dos dados ocorreu na clínica de Odontopediatria de uma instituição pública de ensino. Participaram 03 crianças, de 3-4 anos de idade, em uso de chupeta e apresentando mordida aberta anterior. Foi efetuada orientação para conscientização da família e estratégias lúdicas para a criança, com um livro ilustrado sobre a fada da chupeta. Resultados: Após primeiro atendimento, duas crianças interromperam o hábito de chupeta. As consultas seguintes foram para reforço positivo e acompanhamento da autocorreção da mordida aberta anterior. A terceira criança necessitou de quatro atendimentos para interromper o hábito da chupeta, porém outros hábitos persistiram e a correção da mordida aberta ocorreu após intervenções da equipe multidisciplinar. Conclusão: Após orientação profissional, os pais/responsáveis colaboraram para estimular a criança e os recursos lúdicos foram eficientes para incentivar a criança a interromper a sucção de chupeta, possibilitando autocorreção da mordida aberta anterior. Uso de mamadeira, interposição lingual e respiração bucal podem dificultar a correção espontânea desta má oclusão após abandono da chupeta, sendo necessária intervenção multidisciplinar.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of play strategies to break the pacifier-sucking habit and induce self-correction of the anterior open bite in the primary dentition. Methods: Data collection took place at the Pediatric Dentistry clinic of a public education institution. Three children, aged between 3 and 4 years old, using a pacifier and presenting with a 2 to 5 mm anterior open bite, participated in the research. Pediatric dental guidance was imparted to educate the family and to provide play strategies for the child by means of an illustrated book about the pacifier fairy. Results: After the first consultation, two children quit their pacifier habit. Subsequent consultations were devoted to positive reinforcement and follow-up of the self-correction of the anterior open bite. The third child required four visits to stop the pacifier habit, but other habits persisted and the open bite was only corrected after intervention by a multidisciplinary team. Conclusions: After receiving orientation from the professionals, the parents/guardians cooperated in stimulating the child, and the play activities were effective in encouraging the child to stop sucking on the pacifier, permitting self-correction of the anterior open bite. Bottle feeding, tongue interposition and mouth breathing may hinder the spontaneous correction of the anterior open bite after the pacifier habit is abandoned, requiring multidisciplinary intervention.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de fatores demográficos e socioeconômicos, de doenças crônicas e do recebimento de orientações em saúde no padrão alimentar de idosos. O consumo alimentar foi avaliado por meio de questionário de frequência alimentar reduzido aplicado a 1.426 idosos residentes em Pelotas, RS, Brasil e os padrões alimentares foram obtidos por análise de componentes principais. Dois padrões foram identificados: saudável (alimentos integrais, frutas, legumes/verduras e leite) e ocidental (doces, frituras, alimentos congelados, embutidos e “fast food”). Mulheres, não fumantes e não dependentes alcoólicos aderiam mais ao padrão saudável, enquanto que homens, fumantes, dependentes alcóolicos e indivíduos com sobrepeso aderiam mais ao padrão ocidental. Maior renda e escolaridade estiveram associadas à maior adesão de ambos os padrões e a presença de doenças crônicas não esteve associada a nenhum padrão. O recebimento de orientações para hábitos saudáveis esteve associado à maior adesão ao padrão saudável e menor ao padrão ocidental. Há necessidade do fortalecimento de orientações eficazes sobre hábitos saudáveis nos serviços de saúde, com especial atenção para idosos do sexo masculino, tabagistas, dependentes alcoólicos e indivíduos com sobrepeso.

Abstract This cross-sectional study sought to assess the effect of demographic and socioeconomic factors, chronic diseases, and health counseling on dietary patterns of the elderly. Food consumption was assessed by means of a reduced eating frequency questionnaire distributed to 1,426 elderly residents in Pelotas, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and dietary patterns were obtained using main component analysis. Two dietary patterns were identified: healthy diet (wholegrain food, fruits, vegetables, and milk) and Western diet (sweet snacks, fried foods, frozen foods, processed meats, and fast food). Females, non-smokers, and alcohol-free individuals tended more toward the healthy diet, whereas males, smokers, alcohol-dependent, and overweight individuals tended more toward the Western diet. Higher income and schooling were associated with a higher tendency toward both diets, and chronic diseases were not associated with either diet. Receiving counseling for adopting healthy habits was associated with a higher tendency toward a healthy diet and a lower tendency toward the Western diet. There is a need to increase effective guidance on healthy habits by health services to promote healthier eating practices, with special attention to elderly males, smokers, alcohol-dependent and overweight individuals.

RESUMO Objetivo Esta pesquisa observacional transversal objetivou verificar a percepção de pais, frente à pressuposição de um traumatismo dentoalveolar, quanto às principais sequelas, relacionamentos sociais, reações esperadas dos filhos e sentimentos da criança. Métodos Foram selecionados 74 pais, aleatoriamente, e foram apresentadas seis fotografias coloridas, extraídas de livro, com aspectos clínicos de lesões traumáticas. As respostas foram registradas com auxílio de gravador de voz, transcritas e categorizadas por aproximação semântica. Os dados foram tabulados no programa SPSS e avaliados por estatística descritiva. Resultados As principais sequelas atribuídas pelos pais ao traumatismo dentoalveolar foram: perder o dente (43%) e prejudicar o dente permanente (18%). A maioria dos pais acreditava que não haveria alteração no relacionamento das crianças com os pais (68,9%), enquanto para 54,1% haveria afastamento das crianças da vizinhança e para 90,5% as crianças da escola poderiam ridicularizar ou zombar. Das reações esperadas, 86,5% dos pais acreditavam que o filho se sentiria diferente em relação aos amigos devido à aparência. Quanto aos sentimentos, para 85,1% o traumatismo poderia ocasionar no filho sentimentos de vergonha ou constrangimento, 79,7% timidez ou introversão e 60,8% tristeza. Conclusão Concluiu-se que a perda do dente e o risco de envolvimento do germe do permanente sucessor foram as principais sequelas atribuídas pelos pais. O traumatismo dentoalveolar pode influenciar de maneira desfavorável os relacionamentos sociais das crianças com outras da vizinhança e principalmente da escola e podem se sentir diferentes em relação aos amigos devido à aparência. Além disso, as crianças poderiam sentir vergonha ou constrangimento, timidez ou introversão e tristeza.

ABSTRACT Objective: This cross-sectional, observational study sought to ascertain the perception of parents vis-à-vis the presumption of a dentoalveolar trauma, with regard to the main sequelae, social relationships, expected reactions of the children, and the feelings of the child. Methods: A total of 74 parents were selected at random, who were presented with six color photographs taken from a book, having the clinical appearance of traumatic injury. The responses were recorded with the aid of a voice recorder and were transcribed and stratified using semantic approximation. The data were tabulated using the SPSS software program and evaluated using descriptive statistics. Results: The main sequelae ascribed to dentoalveolar trauma by the parents were as follows: loss of the tooth (43%) and damage to the permanent tooth (18%). The majority of parents believed there would be no change in terms of the children’s relationship with their parents (68.9%), while for 54.1%, there might be some alienation by children in the neighborhood, and for 90.5%, schoolchildren might tease or make fun of them. Of the expected reactions, 86.5% of parents believed their child would feel differently in relation to their friends, because of their appearance. With regard to feelings, for 85.1%, the trauma could lead to the children experiencing shame or embarrassment, 79.7% replied shyness or introversion, and 60.8% sadness. Conclusion: It was concluded that the loss of a tooth and the risk of involvement of the permanent successor tooth germ were the main sequelae ascribed by the parents. Dentoalveolar trauma may have a detrimental effect on the social relationships of the children with others in the neighborhood, and mainly at school, and they may feel differently towards their friends on account of their appearance. Moreover, the children may experience shame or embarrassment, shyness or introversion, and sadness.