ABSTRACT Objective: We aimed to analyze the association of diabetes and subclinical hypothyroidism with subclinical atherosclerosis measured by coronary artery calcium (CAC) in the baseline of the ELSA-Brasil study. Materials and methods: CAC was measured using a 64-detector computed tomographic scanner. The association of CAC > 0 was presented as an odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) in logistic models and as β (95%CI) in linear models after multivariable adjustment for confounders. Results: We analyzed 3,809 participants (mean-age (SD) 50.5 (8.8); 51.7% women). In the main analysis, we did not find an association of diabetes and subclinical hypothyroidism with CAC. However, in stratified analysis according to age strata, we found no significative interaction terms, an important heterogeneity between the groups, with the younger age strata showing an association of the group with both diseases and CAC > 0 (OR 7.16; 95%CI, 1.14; 44.89) with a wide but significative 95%CI, suggesting that the smaller number of participants in the younger group may influence the results. Our findings also showed an association of CAC > 0 and log (CAC+1) with diabetes in logistic (OR, 1.31; 95%CI, 1.05-1.63) and linear models (β, 0.24, 0.16, 0.40), respectively. Diabetes was independently associated with CAC > 0 in linear models. Discussion: In conclusion, our results showed a great heterogeneity in stratified analysis based on age in the younger age strata. Although we found no significant interaction factors, the smaller sample size for the analysis may influence the negative findings. Objective (CAC ELSABrasil ELSA Brasil study methods 64detector detector 64 scanner OR 95 95%CI 95CI CI (95%CI confounders Results 3809 3 809 3,80 meanage mean SD (SD 505 50 5 50. 8.8 88 8 (8.8) 517 51 7 51.7 women. women . women) However terms groups 7.16 716 16 1.14 114 1 14 44.89 4489 44 89 CAC+1 CAC1 (CAC+1 OR, 1.31 131 31 1.051.63 105163 1.05 1.63 05 63 1.05-1.63 β, (β 024 24 0.24 016 0.16 0.40, 040 0.40 , 40 0.40) respectively Discussion conclusion factors 6 9 380 80 3,8 8. (8.8 51. 7.1 71 1.1 11 44.8 448 4 CAC+ (CAC+ 1.3 13 051 1.051.6 10516 105 1.0 163 1.6 1.05-1.6 02 2 0.2 01 0.1 04 0.4 38 3, (8. 7. 1. 44. 1.051. 1051 10 1.05-1. 0. (8 1.051 1.05-1 ( 1.05-

Resumo Fundamento: A estratégia ótima de transfusão na anemia associada ao infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) ainda é desconhecida. Objetivos: Comparar a mortalidade por todas as causas entre as estratégias de transfusão liberal versus restritiva em pacientes com anemia associada a IAM, por meio de uma metanálise. Métodos: Conduzimos uma busca sistemática nos bancos de dados Pubmed, Embase, e ClinicalTrials.gov por ensaios clínicos randomizados (ECRs) comparando estratégias de transfusão liberal e restritiva na anemia associada a IAM. Uma metanálise de efeitos aleatórios e uma análise sequencial de ensaios clínicos foram conduzidas para comparar o uso de hemácias, a eficácia e desfechos de segurança. Os valores p adotados foram bicaudais, com um α de 0,05. Resultados: Em uma análise agrupada envolvendo 4217 participantes de três ECRs acompanhados por 30 dias, não foram identificadas diferenças entre as estratégias restritiva e liberal quanto a mortalidade por todas as causas (RR 1,03; IC 95% 0,67–1,57; p=0,90) e outros desfechos de eficácia (IAM recorrente, revascularização não programada, insuficiência cardíaca aguda, e lesão renal aguda), bem como desfechos de segurança incluindo reações alérgicas, infecção, e lesão pulmonar aguda. A análise sequencial dos ensaios não atingiu o limiar de futilidade. Nos pacientes alocados para a estratégia restritiva, foram observadas diferenças substanciais na transfusão utilizada entre os ECRs, correlacionadas às taxas de mortalidade, e provavelmente contribuindo para a heterogeneidade dos efeitos do tratamento entre os estudos. Conclusões: Em pacientes com anemia associada a IAM, não há uma clara superioridade entre estratégias de transfusão restritiva e liberal quanto à mortalidade por todas as causas ou outros desfechos maiores em 30 dias. No entanto, a heterogeneidade observada no uso de sangue entre os grupos submetidos à transfusão restritiva provavelmente explica a variabilidade dos achados entre os ECRs. Fundamento IAM desconhecida Objetivos Métodos Pubmed Embase ClinicalTrialsgov ClinicalTrials gov (ECRs hemácias bicaudais 005 0 05 0,05 Resultados 421 3 dias RR 1,03 103 1 03 95 0,67–1,57 067157 67 57 p=0,90 p090 90 recorrente programada aguda , aguda) alérgicas infecção futilidade estudos Conclusões entanto 00 0,0 42 1,0 10 9 0,67–1,5 06715 6 5 p=0,9 p09 0, 4 1, 0,67–1, 0671 p=0, p0 0,67–1 067 p=0 0,67– 06 p= 0,67 0,6

Abstract Background: The optimal transfusion strategy in acute myocardial infarction (AMI)-associated anemia remains uncertain. Objectives: To compare all-cause mortality between liberal versus restrictive transfusion strategies in patients with AMI-associated anemia, using a meta-analytic approach. Methods: Pubmed, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing liberal and restrictive transfusion strategies in AMI-associated anemia. Random-effects meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis (TSA) were conducted to compare blood use, efficacy, and safety endpoints. The p-values were 2-sided with an α of 0.05. Results: In a pooled analysis involving 4,217 participants from three RCTs followed-up for 30 days, no statistically significant differences emerged between restrictive and liberal strategies in all-cause mortality (RR 1.03; 95% CI 0.67–1.57; p=0.90) and other efficacy endpoints (recurrent AMI, unscheduled revascularization, acute heart failure, stroke, and acute kidney injury), as well as in safety endpoints including allergic reactions, infection, and acute lung injury. TSA did not reach futility boundaries. In patients assigned to restrictive strategy, substantial differences in transfusion use were observed across RCTs, correlating with mortality rates, and likely accounting for between-study heterogeneity in treatment effects. Conclusions: In patients with AMI-associated anemia, there is no clear superiority between liberal and restrictive transfusion strategies in all-cause mortality or other major outcomes in 30 days. However, the heterogeneity observed in blood use between the restrictive groups likely explains variable findings across RCTs. Background AMIassociated AMI associated uncertain Objectives allcause all cause metaanalytic meta analytic approach Methods Pubmed Embase ClinicalTrialsgov ClinicalTrials gov (RCTs Randomeffects Random effects metaanalysis (TSA pvalues p values 2sided sided 2 005 0 05 0.05 Results 4217 4 217 4,21 followedup followed up 3 days RR 1.03 103 1 03 95 0.67–1.57 067157 67 57 p=0.90 p090 90 recurrent revascularization failure stroke injury, injury , injury) reactions infection boundaries rates betweenstudy study Conclusions However 00 0.0 421 21 4,2 1.0 10 9 0.67–1.5 06715 6 5 p=0.9 p09 0. 42 4, 1. 0.67–1. 0671 p=0. p0 0.67–1 067 p=0 0.67– 06 p= 0.67 0.6

Resumo Fundamento: O emprego do escore de cálcio no auxílio da estratificação de risco cardiovascular pode ser ferramenta com melhor custo-efetividade em comparação à estratégia convencional. Objetivos: Avaliação da custo-efetividade do emprego do escore de cálcio na orientação terapêutica para a prevenção primária cardiovascular. Métodos: Modelo de microssimulação para avaliar as consequências clínicas e econômicas da doença cardiovascular aterosclerótica, comparando-se a estratégia de prevenção pelo uso do escore de cálcio e a estratégia convencional. Resultados: Resultados obtidos demonstram melhor custo-efetividade da estratégia terapêutica guiada pelo escore de cálcio, por meio da redução do custo incremental, e aumento nos anos de vida ajustados por qualidade (QALY), que corresponde, em número, ao benefício incorporado à qualidade de vida do indivíduo. Conclusões: O emprego do escore de cálcio mostrou-se mais custo-efetivo que a estratégia convencional tanto em custo como em QALY, na maioria dos cenários estudados.

Abstract Background: The use of the coronary artery calcium score to aid cardiovascular risk stratification may be a more cost-effective tool than the conventional strategy. Objectives: Evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of the use of the calcium score in therapeutic guidance for primary cardiovascular prevention. Methods: A microsimulation model to assess the clinical and economic consequences of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, comparing the prevention strategy using the calcium score and the conventional strategy. Results: The results obtained demonstrated a better cost-effectiveness of the therapeutic strategy guided by the calcium score, by reducing incremental costs and increasing quality-adjusted life years (QALY), which corresponds, in number, to improving the quality of life of the individual. Conclusions: The use of the coronary artery calcium score proved to be more cost-effective than the conventional strategy, both in terms of cost and QALY, in most of the scenarios studied.