Abstract Volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy treatments (VMAT) can achieve highly conformed dose distributions however, due to the complexity of the technique, there may have differences between the planned and administered dose distributions, generated by the precision in the dose calculation of the treatment planning system (TPS) or by the errors associated with it. One way to quantify the difference between both dose distributions is by using the gamma index; however, there is no accord regarding the parameters that should be used in its analysis. On the other hand, this gamma index may depend on the pathology and the area to be treated. For this reason, the present work aims to evaluate different parameters of the analysis of the gamma index for breast cancer treatments; these are local and global normalization, the analysis criteria (1%/1 mm, 2%/2 mm, 3%/2 mm, 2%/3 mm, 3%/3 mm and 5%/3 mm), and the low dose threshold (LDT) of 5% and 10%. For this, 30 treatment plans performed with VMAT technique in a 6 MV Infinity linear accelerator (Elekta, Stockholm, Sweden) were analyzed, calculated with the TPS Monaco V.5.11.03 (Elekta, Stockholm, Sweden) and measured with the Octavius 4D system (PTW, Freiburg, Germany). The results of the analysis of the global gamma index were of a gamma passing rate (%GP) greater than 95% for analysis criteria of 3%/3 mm and 5%/3 mm; however, for these same parameters in the local gamma index analysis, the results are 85.8% and 91.1% respectively. In addition, from the LDT evaluation, it is observed that there is a mean increase of %GP for the local gamma index analysis and a mean decrease of %GP for the global gamma index analysis, for the LDT from 5% to 10%. On the other hand, the standard deviation is lower in the global gamma index; analysis than in the local one, and it decreases when the analysis criteria are less strict. It is concluded that there is not a great difference in choosing the LDT of 5% or 10%. When the gamma analysis criteria are less strict, the %GP increases both for the analysis of the local and global gamma index, taking this into account, each parameter should be used carefully according to the treatment plan to be analyzed, taking into account the advantages and disadvantages of each parameter.

ABSTRACT. The knowledge of the parasites present in wild animals of especial area can give us an overview of the general state and conservation of these as well as the degree of alteration of the site where they are. The main of this research was to determine the winter prevalence and parasitic load in coyote feces of the Médanos de Samalayuca Protected Natural Area (PNA), Chihuahua, Mexico. The collection of feces was carried out in two areas of the PNA, area 1 with human intervention and area 2 less disturbed, 70 feces were collected throughout the winter 2018/19, they were analyzed by coproparasitoscopic techniques of Centrifuge-Flotation in NaCl, Formalin and egg count per gram in Mc Master chambers, to determine the mean parasitic intensity and the prevalence of parasites. The results were the following: the total prevalence was 70%, being the Toxocara genus the most prevalent and Entamoeba the least prevalent, the highest prevalence of parasites was recorded in area 2 being 93% and for area 1 of 53%. Parasitic genus Strongyloides 800hpg, Toxocara 535hpg, Physaloptera 200hpg, Taenia 200hpg, Ancylostoma 175hpg and Toxascaris 140hpg found no differences or trends between both areas.

RESUMEN. El conocimiento de los parásitos presentes en animales silvestres de un área determinada nos puede dar un panorama del estado general y conservación de éstos como también del grado de alteración del sitio donde se encuentran. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo determinar la prevalencia y la carga parasitaria invernal en heces de coyotes del Área Natural Protegida (ANP) Médanos de Samalayuca, Chihuahua, México. La colecta de heces se realizó en dos áreas del ANP, el área 1 con intervención humana y el área 2 menos perturbada, se colectaron 70 heces a lo largo del invierno 2018/19, las mismas fueron analizadas por las técnicas coproparasitoscópicas de Centrifugo-Flotación en NaCl, Formalina y conteo de huevos por gramo en cámaras de Mc Master, para determinar la intensidad parasitaria media y la prevalencia de parásitos. Los resultados fueron los siguientes: la prevalencia total fue de 70%, siendo el género Toxocara el más prevalente y Entamoeba el menos prevalente, la mayor prevalencia de parásitos se registró en el área 2 siendo ésta del 93% y para el área 1 de 53%. Por Género parasitario Strongyloides 800hpg, Toxocara 535hpg, Physaloptera 200hpg, Taenia 200hpg, Ancylostoma 175hpg y Toxascaris 140hpg. No se encontró diferencias ni tendencias entre ambas áreas.

ABSTRACT Background. This study compares the perceptions of physicians and nurses regarding professional practice, perceived obstacles and ethical dilemmas in end-of-life care in primary care (PC), hospitals and nursing homes (NH). Methods Descriptive, cross-sectional and multicentre study. Intentional sampling of physicians and nurses with more than four months professional practice from four hospitals, five PC centres and twenty-nine NH in Granada was carried out. An ad hoc questionnaire was developed to assess perception of professional practice in eight dimensions (structure and processes of care, physical, psychological, social, spiritual, cultural, ethical aspects and care for the dying), frequency of ethical dilemmas, and obstacles to optimum care. Scores of different settings were compared using the ANOVA test and post hoc analysis. Results A total of 378 professionals participated, 215 (56.9%) from hospitals, 97 (25.7%) from PC and 66 (17.5%) from NH. NH professionals were older and had more professional experience than those from PC and hospitals, and they also rated both the institution and their own professional practice significantly better (p<0.01) than other professionals with respect to the dimensions of structure and processes of care, physical, psychological, social, spiritual, cultural aspects and care for the dying. Psychological and ethical aspects were the worst valued in all settings, with no differences regarding ethical aspects. Fewer ethical dilemmas were identified by PC professionals, while NH professionals perceived greater obstacles to end-of-life care in relation to other settings. Conclusion Primary care and hospitalization presented similar results on the perception of end-of-life care, and lower results than those of nursing homes, although in these centres more ethical dilemmas and more obstacles were identified.

RESUMEN Fundamento Este estudio compara la percepción de la práctica profesional, los obstáculos percibidos y los dilemas éticos de profesionales de medicina y enfermería en la atención al final de la vida en atención primaria (AP), atención hospitalaria (AH) y residencias de ancianos (RA). Material y Métodos Estudio descriptivo, transversal y multicéntrico. Se realizó un muestreo intencional de profesionales de medicina y enfermería con más de cuatro meses de antigüedad de cuatro hospitales, cinco centros de AP y veintinueve RA de Granada. Se recogieron mediante un cuestionario ad hoc: la percepción de la práctica profesional en ocho dimensiones (estructura y procesos, aspectos físicos, psicológicos, sociales, espirituales, culturales, éticos y cuidados del moribundo), la frecuencia percibida de dilemas éticos, y los obstáculos para el cuidado. Se compararon las puntuaciones de los distintos contextos con la prueba ANOVA y análisis post hoc. Resultados Participaron 378 profesionales, 215 (56,9%) de AH, 97 (25,7%) de AP y 66 (17,5%) de RA. En comparación a los profesionales de AP y AH, los de RA fueron significativamente (p <0,01) más jóvenes y con mayor experiencia profesional, y puntuaron significativamente mejor (p <0,01) tanto su propia práctica profesional como la de la institución en relación a las dimensiones de estructura y procesos de atención, aspectos físicos, psicológicos, sociales, espirituales, culturales y atención al moribundo. Los aspectos psicológicos y éticos fueron los peor valorados en todos los contextos, no encontrándose diferencias respecto a estos últimos. En comparación a los otros ámbitos estudiados, los profesionales de AP identificaron menos dilemas y los de RA percibieron mayores obstáculos. Conclusiones Profesionales de AP y AH presentan resultados similares en la percepción de la atención al final de la vida, e inferiores a los de RA, pese a que en las RA se presentan más dilemas y obstáculos.

ABSTRACT Poultry farmers in the southeastern of Mexico consider that the productivity of the hens that comes from rearing on floor has a higher productive performance than reared hens in cages, mainly due to higher percentage of egg laying and lower mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the productive performance of the laying hen in relation to the type of rearing. A total of 79680 pullets Bovans White of 17 weeks of age were housed in cages with five pullets cage-1 (405 cm2pullet-1). They were divided in two treatments according to their type of rearing (floor vs cage) with four replicates. The study period was from week 20 to week 40 of age. The variables evaluated were daily (%) and cumulative mortality (%), egg production (%), egg weight (g), feed intake (g pullet d-1), cumulative feed intake (g pullet-1), daily and cumulative egg mass, number of eggs per hen housed, egg loss (%) and productivity index. The variables were analyzed using a randomized block design. It was observed that daily and cumulative mortality, feed intake and egg loss was higher (p< 0.05), while the number of eggs per hen housed and productivity index (p< 0.05) was lower for hens in cages. We conclude that it is possible to associate detriments in the productive performance of laying hens based on the type of housing during its growth phase.

Objetivo. Evaluar la productividad y composición de ácidos grasos en pollos alimentados con dietas adicionadas con harina de semilla de neem Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Materiales y métodos. Se emplearon 80 pollos mixtos de la estirpe Arbor Acres de engorda y se evaluaron los niveles 0, 1, 3 y 5% de harina de semilla de neem añadidos a una dieta comercial. En cada tratamiento se tuvieron 20 unidades experimentales con una duración de cinco semanas. Se registró el consumo y la ganancia de peso, así como la composición de los ácidos grasos de la grasa mediante transesterificación alcalina. Los datos se analizaron estadísticamente por el procedimiento completamente al azar y las medias se compararon con la prueba de Tukey (p≤ 0.05). Resultados. La mayor ganancia de peso, consumo y la mejor conversión alimenticia correspondió al tratamiento que contenia 1% de harina de semilla de neem. También propició el aumento en la proporción de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados especialmente en el ácido linoleico, (C18:2 omega-6) y en el ácido eicosapentaenoico (C20:5 omega-3), y de manera concomitante se redujo la proporción del ácido palmítico (C16:0). El consumo de alimento disminuyó al adicionar 5% de harina de neem. Conclusiones. Se demostró que la incorporación de 1% de harina de semilla de neem en la dieta de los pollos de engorda modifica la composición de ácidos grasos sin perjudicar su comportamiento productivo.

Objective. Evaluate the productivity and composition of fatty acids in chicks fed diets enriched with neem Azadirachta indica A. Juss seed flour. Materials and methods. 80 mixed broiler chicks of Arbor Acres stock and levels 0, 1, 3 and 5% neem seed flour added to a commercial diet were evaluated. 20 experimental units were included in each treatment for five weeks. The consumption and weight gain were recorded, as well as the composition of fatty acids in the fat by means of alkaline transesterification. Data was statistically analyzed by a completely random procedure and the measurements were compared with the Tukey test(p≤0.05). Results. The greatest weight gain, consumption and best feed conversion were found in the treatment that contains 1% neem seed flour. It also produced the increase in the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially linoleic acid (C18:2 Omega-6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 omega-3), and the proportion of palmitic acid (C16:0). The consumption of feed diminished when 5% of neem flour was added. Conclusions. It was demonstrated that incorporating 1% neem seed flour in the diet of broiler chicks modifies the consumption of fatty acids without harming its productive behavior.

This work is part of a project aimed at studying the composition and structure of a forest in order to adjust growth and yield models carried out at the La María experimental field of the National Institute of Agricultural Technology in Santiago del Estero within the Chaco Park Semiarid Diameter was one of the variables determined since it expresses the sum of all boles cross sectional areas in a plot and can be used to infer the basal area. As diameter is one of the measures in determining mass density, its growth was analyzed on the permanent plots of a continuous forest inventory where three successive measurements have been done for the last fourteen years. Out of this it can be concluded that this parameter increased about 25% throughout the period, being both quebracho colorado (Schinopsis lorentzii) and quebracho blanco (Aspidosperma quebracho blanco), the two dominant species and those determining the basal area.

El trabajo forma parte de un proyecto que tiene como objetivo el estudio de la composición y la estructura del bosque con la finalidad de ajustar modelos de crecimiento y producción. Su desarrollo tiene lugar en el campo experimental La María del Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Santiago del Estero, dentro de la región del Chaco Semiárido. Una de las variables medidas es el diámetro, a partir de la cual se deduce el área basal, parámetro que expresa la sumatoria de las superficies transversales de los fustes que ocupan un sitio. Por ser una medida de densidad de la masa se analizó su crecimiento en parcelas permanentes de un inventario forestal continuo, que lleva 3 mediciones sucesivas en un período de catorce años. Se concluye que este parámetro registró un aumento en el orden del 25 % en el período, siendo las dos especies principales, quebracho colorado (Schinopsis lorentzii) y quebracho blanco (Aspidosperma quebracho blanco), las dominantes y determinantes del área basal.

Neste artigo é apresentada uma visão geral sobre o problema de identificação por subespaços em malha aberta. Existem diversos algoritmos que solucionam este problema (MOESP, DSR, N4SID, CVA). Baseado nos métodos MOESP e N4SID os autores apresentam um algoritmo alternativo para identificar sistemas determinísticos operando em malha aberta. Dois processos simulados, um SISO e um MIMO são usados para mostrar o desempenho deste algoritmo.

This paper presents an overview of the subspa e identif ation problem in open loop. There are several algorithms that solve this problem (MOESP, DSR, N4SID, CVA). Based on the methods MOESP and N4SID the authors propose an alternative algorithm to identify deterministic systems operating in open loop. Two simulated process, one SISO and one MIMO are used to show the performance of this algorithm.

This is a descriptive retrospective study, literature review, exploratory and related to the welfare assistance and educational role of the nurse in renal transplantation. The study intends to do a survey on the subject, to discuss the importance of the orientations of the nursery personnel during the preoperative and postoperative renal transplantation period and to survey the main orientations of nursing in a renal transplant unit found in the consulted literature. There is a very significant concern on the part of nursing to keep the well care of the transplanted kidney patients within and outside the hospital. The guidelines tackle from the most complex to the easiest issues, which is extremely important during the pre and post-transplant period in an attempt to achieve success of the actions.

Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, de revisão bibliográfica, de caráter exploratório relacionada ao papel assistencial e educador do enfermeiro no translante renal. O estudo objetiva realizar um levantamento bibliográfico acerca do assunto; discutir a importância das orientações dos enfermeiros durante o pré e pós-operatório de transplante renal e fazer o levantamento dos principais orientações de enfermagem em uma unidade de transplante renal encontrados nas literaturas consultadas. Há uma preocupação bem significativa por parte da enfermagem em manter o cuidado ao transplantado renal dentro e fora do âmbito hospitalar. As orientações abordam desde assuntos mais simples aos mais complexos, sendo-as de suma importância durante o período do pré e pós-transplante na tentativa de se obter sucesso das ações.

Este es un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, de revisión bibliográfica, de carácter exploratorio relacionado con el papel asistencial y educador del enfermero en el trasplante renal. El estudio pretende hacer un levantamiento bibliográfico sobre el tema; discutir la importancia de las orientaciones del personal de enfermería durante el pre y pos-operatorio del trasplante renal y hacer el levantamiento de las principales orientaciones de enfermería en una unidad de trasplante renal en la literatura consultada. Hay una preocupación muy importante por parte de la enfermería para mantener el cuidado al trasplantado renal dentro y fuera del hospital. Las directrices abordan desde las cuestiones más simples a las más complejas, lo que es extremadamente importante durante el pre y postrasplante en un intento por lograr el éxito de las acciones.

Identificação por subespaços tem sido um tema de pesquisa ao longo dos últimos anos. Métodos como MOESP e N4SID são bem conhecidos eles usam a decomposição LQ de certas matrizes de dados de entrada e saída. Com base nestes métodos, é apresentado o método MON4SID, que usa a técnica dos métodos MOESP e N4SID.

Subspace identification has been a topic of research along the last years. Methods as MOESP and N4SID are well known and they use the LQ decomposition of certain matrices of input and output data. Based on these methods, it is introduced the MON4SID method, which uses the techniques MOESP and N4SID.

IIntroduction: An increased basal metabolism rate and hyperphagia associated with weight loss are among the main clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism. However, few literature reports are available regarding the adequacy of calorie consumption based on the energy expenditure of the patient. Case Report: A 24-year-old male patient (weight 61.5 kg, height 1.78 m) with a diagnosis of hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease and initial hormone values consistent with this disease (free T3=17,6 pg/ml; free T4>6,0 ng/dl; TSH<0,004 IU/ml). Indirect calorimetry was performed in order to estimate real energy expenditure and adequacy of the nutritional conducts adopted during hospitalization. The patient had a resting energy expenditure of2574 kcal. Conclusion: The present study suggests that the measurement of energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry is an important tool for the evaluation of the energy requirements and diet adequacy of a patient with thyrotoxicosis due to Graves' disease.

Introducción: El aumento del metabolismo basal, hiperfagia asociada con pérdida de peso son algunas de las principales manifestaciones clínicas que ocurren en el hipertiroidismo. Sin embargo, hay pocos estudios disponibles acerca de la necessidad y del gasto energético del paciente. Caso clínico: Varón de 24 años de edad con 61,5 kg de peso y estatura de 1,78 m, con el diagnóstico de hipertiroidismo por enfermedad de Graves (T3 libre = 17,6 pg/ml; T4 livre >6,0 ng/dl; TSH <0,004 IU/ml) y con los siguientes síntomas: pérdida de peso, aumento de apetito y hiperactividad. La calorimetría indirecta se realizó para estimar el consumo energético real para definir la conduta nutricional durante la hospitalización. El gasto energético basal fue de 2574 kcal. Conclusión: El presente estudio sugiere que la medición del gasto energético por calorimetría indirecta es una herramienta importante para la evaluación de las necesidades de energía y la adecuación de la dieta de un paciente con tirotoxicosis por enfermedad de Graves. Se necesitan más estudios para determinar el impacto de esta conducta en la evaluación de la respuesta al tratamiento del hipertiroidismo.

The Spray Pyrolysis (SP) process has been employed at moderate temperature (470-970 K) for the synthesis of micro- and nano-particles of hydrated metal oxides and of related nanocomposites. It has been applied to iron nitrate solutions, without or with the addition of sodium chloride as a flux. After removal of the flux, nanocomposites of ferrihydrite (5Fe2O3,9H2O) / hematite (α- Fe2O3) / and an amorphous Fe2O3 are obtained, with surface area 140 m²/g. It has been applied also to a sol of Aluminum-tri-sec-butoxide, without or with activation by europium or terbium ions. Boehmite (γ-AlOOH) powders are synthesized at 470 K, with surface area equal to 180 m²/g. Transition alumina (γ-Al2O3) are synthesized at 970 K. Nanocomposites made by reaction of the boehmite or γ-Al2O3 particles with the amino acid asparagin (ASN) have been prepared and characterized. The luminescence of the Eu3+ or Tb3+ doped nanocomposites has been investigated: they can be considered as bio-compatible luminescent nanoparticles.

The in-medium influence on pi0 photoproduction from spin zero nuclei is carefully studied in the GeV range using a straightforward Monte Carlo analysis. The calculation takes into account the relativistic nuclear recoil for coherent mechanisms (electromagnetic and nuclear amplitudes) plus a time dependent multi-collisional intranuclear cascade approach (MCMC) to describe the transport properties of mesons produced in the surroundings of the nucleon. A detailed analysis of the meson energy spectra for the photoproduction on 12C at 5.5 GeV indicates that both the Coulomb and nuclear coherent events are associated with a small energy transfer to the nucleus ($\lesssim$ 5 MeV), while the contribution of the nuclear incoherent mechanism is vanishing small within this kinematical range. The angular distributions are dominated by the Primakoff peak at extreme forward angles, with the nuclear incoherent process being the most important contribution above $\theta_{\pi^{0}}\gtrsim2^{0}$. Such consistent Monte Carlo approach provides a suitable method to clean up nuclear backgrounds in some recent high precision experiments, such as the PrimEx experiment at the Jefferson Laboratory Facility.

Estruturas de concreto armado instaladas em zonas costeiras têm sido constantemente ameaçadas por elementos ambientais nocivos. O íon cloreto é conhecido como um dos mais agressivos destes elementos, causando, entre outros danos, corrosão da armadura de aço e posterior degradação da matriz de concreto. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a influência do tipo de cimento na resistência e durabilidade de corpos-de-prova de concreto armado com 25 mm de cobrimento, quando submetido a envelhecimento em uma solução aquosa de 3,4% de cloreto de sódio e pela exposição a uma atmosfera marinha de alta salinidade. Postes de concreto armado foram confeccionados seguindo a um mesmo procedimento de mistura e, após o período de cura, foram expostos à atmosfera em uma estação de corrosão situada próximo de Aracaju, estado de Sergipe, na costa nordeste do Brasil. Dois traços de concreto foram elaborados usando-se cimento CPII-F 32 (cimento Portland composto com fíler): uma mistura sem qualquer adição e uma com adição de 8% de sílica ativa, em substituição aos agregados miúdos). Uma outra mistura foi preparada com cimento CPV-ARI RS (cimento Portland de alta resistência inicial, resistente a sulfatos). Todas as três misturas foram definidas para um consumo de cimento de aproximadamente 350 kg/m³. O desempenho das estruturas foi avaliado a partir dos resultados de testes físico-químicos, mecânicos e eletroquímicos, após mais de um ano de envelhecimento natural. Os potenciais de corrosão dos corpos-de-prova de concreto armado e dos postes confeccionados foram medidos em função do tempo de envelhecimento no ambiente natural e sob envelhecimento acelerado por íon cloreto no laboratório. As medidas de potencial de meia-célula mostraram que os melhores resultados foram obtidos pela mistura contendo cimento CPII-F 32 e sílica ativa, seguidos pelo concreto preparado com cimento CPV-ARI RS. A mistura feita apenas com cimento CPII-F 32 apresentou o pior desempenho em termos de durabilidade.

Reinforced concrete structures installed in coastal zones have constantly been threatened by environmental damaging elements. The chloride ion is known as one of the most aggressive of these elements, causing, among other damages, corrosion of the steel reinforcement and then degradation of the concrete matrix. The goal of this work was to determine the influence of cement type on the resistance and durability of reinforced concrete samples with 25 mm cover thickness, when submitted to aging in a 3.4% sodium chloride aqueous solution and in a high salinity marine environment. Reinforced concrete light poles were cast following the same batching procedures, and after the curing period, they were exposed to atmosphere in a corrosion station near Aracaju, Sergipe State, Northeastern Brazil's coast. Two concrete mixtures were made using CPII-F 32 (filler-modified Portland cement): a mix with no admixture and a mix with addition of 8% silica fume swapping fine aggregates. Another mixture was batched with CPV-ARI RS (high-early-strength Portland cement, with sulfur resistance). All the three mixtures were designed with cement content of about 350 kg/m³. The performance of the structures was evaluated from the results of physicochemical, mechanical and electrochemical testing, after over a year of natural aging. Corrosion potentials of the reinforced concrete samples and of the cast utility poles were measured in terms of the aging time at the natural environment and under chloride ion accelerated aging at laboratory. The half-cell potential measurements showed that the best results were obtained from the mixture containing CPII-F 32 cement and silica fume, followed by the concrete made with CPV-ARI RS cement. The mixture batched with CPII-F 32 cement without admixture presented the worst durability performance.

The objective of the present study was to determine the presence of Exercise Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage (EIPH) by endoscopic examination in polo ponie after competition. Thirty nine polo horses in training were used in this study. The animal were classified by the number of polo seasons they had played (two seasons and three or more) and by sex independently of the number of seasons played. An endoscopic evaluation of the respiratory system was carried out 2 to 4 hours after exercise in all horses. All animals with blood in the upper respiratory tract were considered to be positive. The data obtained were analyzed through a model of association and independence of X², with a level of significance p<0.05. The results obtained showed that 46% of the animals were positive for EIPH and in terms of sex, 63.6% of the males and 39.2% of the females were positive. The individuals with three or more seasons and two seasons were 60% and 31.5% positive, respectively. The statistical analyses showed no significance between EIPH number of polo seasons and sex in the polo pony (p<0.05)

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la presencia de Hemorragia Pulmonar Inducida por el Ejercicio (HPIE) mediante el examen endoscópico en caballos de polo. Para ello se emplearon 39 equinos en competencia, ubicados en la Zona Central de Chile. Los equinos fueron divididos en dos grupos, según las temporadas de competencia (hasta con 2 temporadas y 3 o más temporadas), y además se clasificaron según sexo (macho y hembra), independientemente del número de temporadas de competencia. Se efectúo un examen endoscópico de las vías aéreas, el cual se realizó con el animal en reposo, 2 a 4 horas post-competencia. Se consideraron positivos todos los equinos que tuviesen presencia de sangre en el tracto respiratorio superior hasta la carina traqueal. Los datos obtenidos se analizaron a través de un modelo de asociación e independencia de X² cuadrado, con un nivel de significación p<0.05. Los resultados muestran que un 46% de los equinos presentaron sangramiento post ejercicio. En relación al sexo, se observó en machos un 63.6% y en hembras un 39.2%. Respecto a las temporadas de competencia, se observó en la categoría 3 o más temporadas, un 60% y en la categoría hasta 2 temporadas de competencia un 31.5%. Sin embargo, el análisis de los resultados no estableció una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la presentación de HPIE, temporadas de competencia ni con el sexo de los equinos estudiados (p<0.05)