The reaction of metal hexafluoroacetylacetonato [MII(hfac)2, M = Cu, Mn] with the stable nitronyl nitroxide 2-(3-isobutyl-pyrazole)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (L), resulted in one dimensional zig-zag chain systems [{Cu(hfac)2}2L2]n and [CuMn(hfac)4L2]n. The main feature inherent in the nature of [{Cu(hfac)2}2L2]n single crystals is their ability to undergo reversible structural rearrangements with temperature variation, accompanied by anomalies of magnetism. The value of χmT shown strongly antiferromagnetic at low temperature and becomes ferromagnetic when the temperature increases. And the heteronuclear complex [CuMn(hfac)4L2]n shows antiferromagnetic interactions between manganese and nitronyl nitroxide.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the impact of one-time high load exercise on skeletal muscle injury and analysis its mechanism in different genders. Methods: Twenty-four male and 24 female rats were divided randomly into four groups respectively: control, 0 h, 6 h, and 24 h after exercise. The activities of creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and myohemoglobin (MYO) in serum, the expression level of oxidative stress markers, mitochondrial respiratory chain complex enzyme, and the apoptosis related protein in quadriceps were detected. Results: The results showed that the activities of CK, LDH and MYO in serum increased immediately after exercise and restored faster in female rats. More obvious structural disorder and apoptosis in male rats were showed. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were increased while catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) were decreased in male rats. SOD, CAT and GSH were increased in female rats. Mitochondrial complex enzyme activity was decreased in males and increased in females. Conclusions: The skeletal muscle injury in both genders of rat could be induced by one-time high load exercise due to the mitochondrial respiratory enzyme dysfunction and oxidative stress, which was relatively mild and recovered quicker in female rats.

The degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) by Fe3O4/persulfate system was investigated in aqueous solution. The influences of the initial concentrations of Fe3O4, persulfate (PS) and BPA, pH value, and initial reaction temperature on BPA removal were studied. The radical species was investigated by adding excessive dose of scavenger (methanol (MeOH) and tert-butanol (TBA)) into Fe3O4/PS system for the purpose of radical scavenging. The degradation products of BPA were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The recyclability of Fe3O4 was also evaluated. The BPA removal rate of 80.7% was achieved under the following conditions: [BPA]0 = 1 mg L-1, [PS]0 = 0.2 mM, [Fe3O4]0 = 0.1 g L-1, T0 = 20 ± 1 ºC, pH0 = 6.8 ± 0.2. The results confirmed that the main free radicals in the reaction process were sulfate radicals, followed by hydroxyl radicals. Some intermediate products of BPA degradation, such as phenols, benzoquinones and benzoic acid were identified by GC-MS.

Abstract N6-methyl-adenosine (m6A) methylation is one of the most common and abundant modifications of RNA molecules in eukaryotes. Although various biological roles of m6A methylation have been elucidated, its role in embryonic development is still unclear. In this review, we focused on the function and expression patterns of m6A-related genes in mammalian embryonic development and the role of m6A modification in the embryonic epigenetic reprogramming process. The modification of m6A is regulated by the combined activities of methyltransferases, demethylases, and m6A-binding proteins. m6A-related genes act synergistically to form a dynamic, reversible m6A pattern, which exists in several physiological processes in various stages of embryonic development. The lack of one of these enzymes affects embryonic m6A levels, leading to abnormal embryonic development and even death. Moreover, m6A is a positive regulator of reprogramming to pluripotency and can affect embryo reprogramming by affecting activation of the maternal-to-zygotic transition. In conclusion, m6A is involved in the regulation of gene expression during embryonic development and the metabolic processes of RNA and plays an important role in the epigenetic modification of embryos.

Abstract The generation of fire probability mapping is essential to achieve the objective 15 established in the United Nations (UN) 2030 Agenda. An explicit spatial model was developed to generate fire probability maps for the state of Guanajuato. Spatial information of the anthropic variables distance to roads, distance to urban areas, distance to agricultural land uses, and distance to forest edges as potential sources of ignition was entered in the Dinamica EGO program. The calibration time interval was 2004-2009. The weight of evidence method was used to establish the influence of these variables on the probability of fire occurrence. Finally, the resulting probabilities were compared with the fires that occurred in 2017 by means of the receiving operating characteristic (ROC) statistical test. An area under the ROC curve (AUC) value of 0.7 was obtained, which considers the map to be acceptable for predicting fires. Mapping of fire susceptibility contributes to the management of forests and biodiversity conservation.

Resumen La generación de cartografía de probabilidad a incendios es fundamental para lograr el objetivo 15 de la Agenda 2030 de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU). Se desarrolló un modelo espacial explícito para generar dicha cartografía para el estado de Guanajuato. Se integró información espacial de las variables antrópicas distancia a caminos, distancia a zonas urbanas, distancia a usos de suelo agropecuarios y distancia al borde del bosque como potenciales fuentes de ignición en el programa Dinamica EGO. El intervalo de tiempo de calibración fue 2004-2009. Se empleó el método de los pesos de evidencia para establecer la influencia de estas variables en la probabilidad de ocurrencia. Finalmente, se compararon las probabilidades obtenidas con los incendios ocurridos en el año 2017 mediante la prueba estadística curva característica operativa del receptor (ROC). Se obtuvo un valor de área bajo curva (AUC) de 0.7, que considera que el mapa es aceptable para predecir los incendios. La cartografía de susceptibilidad a incendios contribuye a la gestión para conservar los bosques y su biodiversidad.

ABSTRACT In this study, our goal was to clarify the role of proteasomal subunit α-1 (PSMA1) in both the differentiation of preadipocytes and the accumulation of lipids in adipocytes. Preadipocytes from healthy one-day-old calves were collected, isolated, and cultured in vitro. The expression pattern of the PSMA1 gene was explored during the differentiation of bovine preadipocytes firstly. Then, the expression of the PSMA1 gene was inhibited by transfection of a chemically synthesized small interfering RNA (siRNA) before differentiation. After induction of differentiation, the mRNA levels of key regulating genes involved in preadipocyte differentiation and the lipid content of mature adipocytes with and without inhibition of PSMA1 were detected by qRT-PCR and oil red O staining, respectively. The data showed that PSMA1 mRNA was differentially expressed during the differentiation of bovine preadipocytes under normal culture conditions in vitro. The expression level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), CCAAT enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) were significantly decreased in the transfected PSMA1-siRNA group compared with those in the control group, and the mRNA levels of the preadipocyte factor-1 (Pref-1) were significantly upregulated in the transfected PSMA1-siRNA group compared with those in the control group. In addition, significantly fewer lipid droplets were formed by adipocytes transfected with PSMA1-siRNA than by the negative control group (adipocytes transfected with NC-siRNA). Therefore, PSMA1 plays an important role in differentiation and lipid deposition.

Abstract: Several behavioral and ecological studies have focused on the comparison of different variables among seasons. However, little is known about the transitional period between the end of the rainy season and the start of the dry season. To address this transition, we measured the abundance and habitat use of the lizard Sceloporus utiformis from the end of the rainy season to the beginning of the dry season. Two study sites were employed, both located in western Mexico: Chamela Biological Station and Manantlán Biosphere Reserve. These sites vary in elevation and distance from the coast. We compared the 2 environments with respect to ambient temperature, relative humidity and canopy cover in both the drier areas in the surrounding tropical dry forest and in wetter environment in vegetation along banks. Our results indicated that the abundance and habitat use of S. utiformis change gradually with seasonal transition, less abrupt changes in vegetation, followed by the high elevation forest and finally the low elevation forest. The population abundance of S. utiformis increased during the seasonal transition, and the age structure changed from adult-dominated to juvenile-dominated. During the wet-to-dry transition, the use of herbaceous microhabitat was reduced and the use of leaflitter and trees increased at all sites.

Resumen: Diversos estudios ecológicos y de comportamiento se han enfocado en la comparación de diferentes variables entre estaciones. Sin embargo, poco se sabe del periodo de transición estacional entre las lluvias y las secas. Para abordar dicha transición, medimos la abundancia y uso del hábitat de Sceloporus utiformis desde el final de las lluvias hasta el inicio de las secas. Empleamos 2 sitios: la Estación de Biología Chamela y la Reserva de la Biosfera Manantlán. Ambos varían en elevación y distancia a la costa. Comparamos ambos sitios en cuanto a la temperatura ambiental, humedad relativa y cobertura del dosel en zonas con bosque tropical caducifolio y con un sitio más húmedo en vegetación de arroyo. Los resultados indicaron una modificación gradual de la abundancia y uso del hábitat de S. utiformis durante la transición, siendo menos abruptos en la vegetación de arroyo, seguidos por el bosque a mayor elevación y finalmente el de menor elevación. La abundancia poblacional de S. utiformis se incrementó durante la transición, pero la estructura de edades cambió de dominada por adultos a dominada por juveniles. El uso del microhábitat herbácea se redujo y el de hojarasca y árboles aumentó durante la transición estacional en los 3 sitios.