Abstract Heterobranch sea slugs (Gastropoda) present reduction, internalization, or absence of shell, and include more than 6,000 described species. Approximately 250 species are recorded from Brazil but only 14 had been previously recorded from Rio Grande do Norte, on the Brazilian northeastern coast. As a result of different expeditions conducted between 2008 and 2020, 41 species were collected and identified. Among them, five species were recorded for the first time from the South Atlantic Ocean: Chelidonura hirundinina (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833); Sclerodoris prea (Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1967); Thuridilla malaquita Ortea & Buske, 2014; Berthella nebula Ghanimi, Schrödl, Goddard, Ballesteros, Gosliner & Valdés, 2020 and Berthella vialactea Ghanimi, Schrödl, Goddard, Ballesteros, Gosliner & Valdés, 2020. Thirty-six species are recorded for the first time from Rio Grande do Norte. The present survey expands the knowledge of the diversity of sea slugs from Brazil and supports the hypothesis of similarity between the heterobranch sea slug fauna from the northeastern Brazil and the Caribbean Sea.

Abstract Ecosystem engineering species create, modify, and/or maintain the characteristics of the environment. The polychaete Phragmatopoma caudata builds large sand reefs in the intertidal region of the Brazilian coast with high structural complexity, favoring the increase of diversity and interactions among the species associated. However, there are no studies concerning the association of polychaetes with crustacean macrofauna in the northeastern Brazil ecoregion, leaving an information gap on baseline biodiversity. Our aim was to analyze the effect of P. caudata colonies (PC) on the local diversity of macrocrustaceans compared to the rocky shore (RS) microhabitat. Monthly collections were carried out in low tide from September 2015 to August 2016 on 10 × 10 m quadrants for fauna and environmental variables (temperature and salinity) samples. In each microhabitat, the capture effort was two hours by two researchers. We collected 3,390 individuals, 60% associated with the colonies of PC and 40% with the RS. The PC obtained higher Shannon diversity, Pielou evenness and species richness coupled with milder water temperature and salinity conditions (minor air exposure during tide), compared to the RS that obtained greater species dominance and more extreme abiotic conditions (major air exposure). The Porcellanidae family stood out because all its species were highly abundant and had high occurrence in the colonies. The tropical Brazil porcelain crab Pachycheles greeleyi was dominant in both microhabitats (major dominance in PC). The structural complexity in the reefs of PC promoted higher availability of niches for the species, as more shelter for the resident species and refugium for temporary species with preference for more complex microhabitats. Conservation managers should prioritize the health of these colonies and subsequent species that constitute important ecosystemic and fishery resources.

A Mimosa caesalpiniifolia, popularmente conhecida como sabiá, é uma espécie nativa da Caatinga que, em razão de suas inúmeras potencialidades, tem enfrentado um processo de exaustiva exploração, tornando iminente a necessidade de se utilizar alternativas sustentáveis que permitam a sua reposição em ambiente natural e a conservação de seu genótipo. A micropropagação tem sido considerada técnica promissora nesse sentido, pois viabiliza a produção de mudas em larga escala e com elevada sanidade. Citocininas como a 6-benzilaminopurina (BAP) são importantes nesse processo, pois influenciam consideravelmente o crescimento e a morfogênese in vitro e permitem a formação de bancos de germoplasma in vitro. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a influência de concentrações de BAP sobre a indução de brotações in vitro em M. caesalpiniifolia. Segmentos cotiledonares obtidos de plântulas germinadas in vitro foram inoculados em meio de cultura WPM suplementados com seis concentrações de BAP: 0,0; 4,44; 8,88; 17,76; 26,64; e 35,52 µmol/L. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com seis tratamentos, três repetições e cada repetição composta por 10 unidades experimentais. Aos 30 dias, foram avaliados o número de explantes responsivos, o número de brotos por explante e a presença de calos, oxidação e contaminação. Os dados foram avaliados estatisticamente através da Análise de Correspondência e mediante o ajuste de Equações de Regressão. Verificou-se que a concentração de 17,76 µmol/L apresentou-se mais responsiva em relação à taxa de multiplicação e ao número de brotações, sendo, portanto, a concentração mais indicada para a propagação in vitro de M. caesalpiniifolia.

The Mimosa caesalpiniifolia, popularly known as sabiá, is a native species belonging to Caatinga forest that due to its countless potentialities has faced a process of exhaustive exploration that makes imminent the need to use sustainable alternatives to its replacement in natural environment and the conservation of its genotype. Accordingly, micropropagation has been considered as a promising technique, since it allows the production of seedlings in large scale and high. The cytokinins, such as 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), are important in this process, since they influence considerably the growth and morphogenesis in vitro morphogenesis allowing the formation on in vitro germplasm banks. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of different concentrations of BAP on in vitro budding induction of M. caesalpiniifolia. Cotyledon segments obtained from in vitro germinated seedlings were inoculated in WPM supplemented with six BAP concentrations: 0.0; 4.44; 8.88; 17.76; 26.64 and 35.52 µmol/L. The experimental design was randomized with 6 treatments, 3 replications and each replication consisting of 10 experimental units. After 30 days, the following parameters have been evaluated: number of responsive explants, number of sprouts per explant and presence of callus, oxidation and contamination. The data were statistically analyzed by Correspondence Analysis and through adjusting Regression Equations. It was found that the concentration of 17.76 µmol/L was more responsive with regard to multiplication rate and sprouts number. In this case, is the most suitable concentration for the in vitro propagation of M. caesalpiniifolia.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do tipo de substrato sobre a preferência, o enterramento e a atividade natatória de camarões (Litopenaeus vannamei). Juvenis (0,93±0,29 g) e adultos machos e fêmeas (10,05±1,18 g) foram observados durante 24 horas, por meio do método animal focal, com registros instantâneos. Foram testadas as seguintes granulometrias (tratamentos) dos substratos: I, 100% C; II, 50% C + 50% B; III, 50% A + 50% C; IV, 100% B; V, 50% B + 50% A; e VI, 100% A, em que as letras referemse ao diâmetro médio das partículas, A = 0,25-2,0 mm; B = 0,0625-0,25 mm; e C = <0,0625 mm. Foram aplicados seis tratamentos com 18 repetições para cada categoria: camarões juvenis, machos e fêmeas. Cada indivíduo foi exposto por 24 horas aos seis tipos de substrato, simultaneamente, e o seu comportamento foi observado nas fases clara e escura do dia. A natação ocorreu principalmente na fase escura e o enterramento, na fase clara, no substrato IV. Os camarões juvenis e adultos (machos ou fêmeas) preferem o substrato composto de areia fina e muito fina (0,0625-0,25 mm), tanto para permanência quanto para enterramento.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of substrate type on the preference, burial, and natatory activity of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Juvenile (0.93±0.29 g) and adult males and females (10.05±1.18 g) were observed during 24 hours using the focal animal method, with instantaneous recording. The following soil granulometries (treatments) were tested: I, 100% C; II, 50% C + 50% B; III, 50% A + 50% C; IV, 100% B; V, 50% B + 50% A; and VI, 100% A, in which the letters reffer to particle mean diameter, A = 0.25-2.0 mm, B = 0.0625-0.25 mm, and C = <0.0625 mm. Six treatments were applied with 18 replicates for each category: juvenile, male, and female shrimp. Each individual was simultaneously exposed for 24 hours to the six types of substrates, and its behavior was observed in the light and dark phases of the day. Swimming occurred mainly during the dark phase, and burial in the light phase in substrate IV. The juvenile and adult shrimp (male or female) prefer substrate composed of fine and very fine sand (0.0625-0.25 mm), both for residence and for burial.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo a elaboração de uma chave de identificação ilustrada para diferenciar as espécies de camarões marinhos Dendrobranchiata, com ocorrência no litoral do Estado de São Paulo até a profundidade de 40m. As 13 espécies apresentadas neste trabalho foram obtidas mediante coletas mensais durante os anos de 1995 a 2000 na região de Ubatuba, SP . Nesta chave estão incluídas as espécies de interesse econômico, como os peneídeos Xiphopenaeus kroyeri, Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis, F. paulensis, Litopenaeus schmitti, Artemesia longinaris e o solenocerídeo Pleoticus muelleri. Além destas espécies, também foram adicionados os camarões que não são alvos das frotas pesqueiras, entre eles, Rimapenaeus constrictus, Acetes americanus, Peisos petrunkevitchi e os sicionídeos Sicyonia dorsalis, S. typica, S. laevigata e S. parri. A chave proposta servirá como uma ferramenta no auxílio da identificação dos camarões Dendrobranchiata, quer seja por pesquisadores ligados à área científica, como também por pessoas relacionadas aos órgãos responsáveis pelo controle da pesca, principalmente, na época do defeso.

This study aimed to provide an illustrated identification key to distinguish Dendrobranchiata marine shrimps which, occur in the littoral north São Paulo State as deep as to 40m. A total of 13 species were captured using a shrimp fishery boat with two double-rig nets. Monthly trawlings were carried out from 1995 to 2000 in the region of Ubatuba, SP. This key includes the commercial value of species such as the penaeids Xiphopenaeus kroyeri, Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis, F. paulensis, Litopenaeus schmitti, Artemesia longinaris and the solenocerids Pleoticus muelleri. In addition to these species, shrimps that are not of commercial interest were also include such as Rimapenaeus constrictus, Acetes americanus, Peisos petrunkevitchi and the sicionids Sicyonia dorsalis, S. typica, S. laevigata and S. parri. The key proposed here might facilitate the identification of Dendrobranchiata shrimps by a variety of users, including scientific researchers as well as people responsible for making the laws that regulate fisheries, principally in the protection period.