The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of bakery waste inclusion (0; 25; 50; 75 and 100%, DM basis) in proportion to corn meal in the energetic mixture of the concentrate on intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance and ruminal parameters in sheep. Five male lambs with body weight of 30 kg were used in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. Experimental diets were composed of concentrate and Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.) hay in a 60:40 forage:concentrate ratio. The concentrate rations were composed of corn meal, soybean meal and bakery waste. The bakery waste:corn meal ratio corresponded to the inclusion of, approximately, 0, 7, 14, 22 and 30% (DM basis) of bakery waste in the diet. There was no effect of bakery waste inclusion on the intake and digestibility of nutrients, nor on nitrogen balance, pH values or concentrations of volatile fatty acids. However, the ammonia nitrogen concentration showed negative linear response in relation to the level of inclusion, in which each increase of 1% bakery waste promoted reduction of 0.11 mg/dL in the concentration of ammonia nitrogen. This fact may be related to the increase in ruminal availability of energy, which allows greater use of ammonia for microbial growth. Bakery waste can replace corn meal in concentrate rations for sheep.

Objetivou-se avaliar o consumo, a cinética digestiva e a digestibilidade de nutrientes em equinos consumindo rações suplementadas com óleo de soja. Foram utilizados 15 equinos em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com três dietas e cinco repetições. As dietas experimentais foram formuladas a partir de uma dieta controle (sem inclusão de óleo de soja) acrescida 8,5% ou 19,5% de óleo de soja. O ensaio teve duração de 34 dias: 30 de adaptação dos equinos às dietas e quatro de coleta de fezes. A cinética da fase líquida da digesta no trato digestivo foi estimada pela LIPE® (lignina isolada, purificada e enriquecida) na forma líquida. A LIPE® foi fornecida no 30º dia, em dose única, e as amostras de fezes foram coletadas nos tempos 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54, 60, 66, 72 e 78 horas após o fornecimento. O consumo de matéria seca das dietas reduziu com a inclusão de óleo de soja. O coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente do extrato etéreo aumentou nas dietas hiperlipidêmicas, enquanto o de digestibilidade da celulose reduziu com a inclusão de 19,5% de óleo de soja. O coeficiente de digestibilidade dos demais nutrientes, exceto o de proteína bruta, e a cinética da digesta no trato gastrointestinal não foram alterados. A inclusão de óleo de soja em dietas práticas para equinos possibilita reduzir o consumo de matéria seca e aumentar a concentração energética, desejável em equinos atletas.

The objective of this study was to evaluate intake, digestive kinetics and nutrient digestibility in horses fed diets supplemented with soybean oil inclusion. Fifteen horses were used in a randomized complete design with three diets and five replications. The experimental diets were formulated from a control diet (without soybean oil) with the addition of 8.5% and 19.5% soybean oil. The experiment lasted for 34 days, 30 days for the horses to adapt to the diets and four days for feces collection. The kinetics of the liquid phase of the digesta in the digestive tract was estimated by LIPE® (Purified Enriched Isolated Lignin) in liquid form. LIPE® was given on the 30th day, in a single dose, and the feces samples were collected at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54, 60, 66, 72 and 78 hours after administration. Dry matter intake of the diets decreased with soybean inclusion. The apparent digestibility coefficient of the ether extract increase in the high fat diets, while the cellulose digestibility decreased with the inclusion of 19.5% soybean oil. The coefficient of digestibility of the other nutrients, except crude protein, and the kinetics of the digesta in the gastrointestinal tract were not altered. Including soybean oil in practical diets for horses enables dry matter intake reduction and increase in the energetic concentration, which is desirable in athletic horses.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a capacidade tamponante (CT), o pH e a consistência das fezes em equinos submetidos à sobrecarga dietética com amido. Seis equinos adultos foram submetidos à sobrecarga com infusão gástrica de 17,6g de amido kg-1 de peso corporal através de sonda nasogástrica. Amostras fecais foram coletadas, antes e quatro, oito, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32 e 36 horas pós-sobrecarga, e imediatamente submetidas à avaliação do pH, da CT e da consistência. Os resultados de pH foram comparados pelo teste t de student (P<0,05). Já os resultados da CT e consistência fecal foram comparados pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis (P<0,05) e submetidos à análise de regressão e correlação de Spearman em função do tempo após a sobrecarga. Houve redução (P>0,05) no pH fecal ao longo de 36 horas pós-sobrecarga, com valores médios variando de 6,09 a 4,46. A partir do modelo pH = 6,083 - 0,003t - 0,001t² (R² = 0,634), houve decréscimo de 0,004 no pH fecal a cada hora, de 0,028 a cada quatro horas e de 1,404 ao final de 36 horas após a sobrecarga, respectivamente. Além do pH, houve redução (P<0,05) na CT das fezes, em função do tempo após a sobrecarga. Observou-se correlação positiva (r=0,65; P<0,0001) entre o pH e a CT das fezes. Todos os equinos apresentaram fezes de consistência normal (escore 3) até a oitava hora após a sobrecarga. Posteriormente, esses animais apresentaram redução na consistência fecal (P<0,05) até 36 horas. Os resultados demonstram que a sobrecarga dietética com amido promove redução na consistência fecal, na capacidade tampão e consequentemente no pH das fezes em equinos.

This study aimed to evaluate buffer capacity (BC), pH and faeces consistency of horses submitted to dietetic starch overload. Six crossbreed mature horses were submitted to starch overload with gastric infusion of 17.6g starch kg-1 body weight through nasogastric tube. Faecal samples were collected, before and at 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32 and 36 hours post-overload, and immediately submitted to evaluation of pH, BC and consistency. The pH data were compared by t student test (P<0.05). The BC and fecal consistency were compared by Kruskal-Wallis test (P<0.05) and submitted to regression analysis and Spearman correlation in function of the time after overload. There was faecal pH decreased along 36 hours post-overload (P>0.05), with means values varying from 6.09 to 4.46. Based on the model pH = 6.083 - 0.003t - 0.001t² (R² = 0.634), faecal pH decreased 0.004 per hour, 0.028 to each four hours and 1.404 at 36 hours after overload, respectively. As pH, faeces BC decreased (P<0.05) in function of the time after overload. Positive relationship was observed (r = 0.65; P<0.0001) between pH and BC of faeces. All horses presented normal consistency faeces (score 3) until eight hours after overload, following by reduction (P<0.05) up to 36 hours. Results demonstrated that starch overload reduce faecal consistency, buffer capacity and pH in horses faeces.

Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o consumo, a digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes e o balanço hídrico em equinos consumindo feno de capim coast-cross em diferentes formas físicas. Foram utilizados quatro equinos mestiços, com idade de 30 meses e peso vivo médio de 200 kg. Os animais foram alimentados com feno de capim coast-cross em quatro formas físicas: inteiro; picado (5 cm); moído a 5 mm; ou moído a 3 mm. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em quadrado latino 4 × 4, com 10 dias de adaptação às dietas em cada período experimental, 4 dias de coleta de fezes e 1 dia de coleta de urina.A estimativa da digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes das dietas foi realizada pelo método de coleta total das fezes e a urina foi coletada durante 24 horas utilizando-se coletores de urina. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente e o consumo de nutrientes não diferiram com o processamento do feno, no entanto, o tempo de consumo reduziu com a moagem do feno.Houve maior retenção de água, estimada pelo balanço hídrico, quando fornecido feno picado ou moído a 3 mm. O consumo e a digestão dos nutrientes não são influenciados pelo nível de moagem do feno, porém o balanço hídrico é afetado pelas formas físicas do feno. Não há relação direta entre a redução do tamanho da partícula do feno e o aumento da retenção de água.

This study was carried out to evaluate intake, apparent nutrient digestibility and water balance in horses fed on different forms of coast-cross hay. Four crossbreed horses, 30 months of age and 200 kg body weight were used. Horses were fed coast-cross hay in four physical forms: long hay; chopped hay (5 cm); ground hay (5 mm) and ground hay (3 mm). The experiment was performed in a 4 × 4 Latin Square design with 15 days for each experimental period (10 days for adaptation to the diets, four days for feces collection and one day for urine collection). Apparent nutrient digestibility was estimated by total feces collection and urinary collection was carried during 24 hours by urine collectors. Apparent digestibility coefficients and nutrient intake did not differ among the diets but the intake time was reduced with hay processing. There was greater water retention, estimated by water balance, when chopped hay or ground hay (3 mm) were fed. Intake and nutrient digestibility were not influenced by levels of hay grinding, but water balance was influenced by the different forms of hay, but a direct relationship was not observed between fiber length reduction and increased water retention.

Objetivou-se estimar a digestibilidade de nutrientes de forrageiras em eqüinos utilizando-se a técnica de sacos de náilon móveis. Foram avaliados alfafa (Medicago sativa), amendoim forrageiro (Arachis pintoi), desmódio (Desmodium ovalifolium), estilosantes (Stylosanthes guianensis), guandu (Cajanus cajan), macrotiloma (Macrotyloma axillare) e capim-coastcross (Cynodon dactylon cv. coastcross). O delineamento foi em blocos inteiramente casualizados com sete alimentos e cinco blocos (animais). Foram utilizados cinco eqüinos mestiços com 17 a 27 anos de idade e peso vivo médio de 350 kg. O ensaio teve duração de 12 dias: três para a adaptação às baias, cinco para inserção gástrica dos sacos através de sonda nasogástrica e quatro de coleta dos sacos nas fezes. No período pré-experimental de 30 dias, os animais foram mantidos em piquetes com dieta composta de 80% de feno de coastcross e 20% de concentrado. Na confecção dos sacos, utilizou-se náilon com porosidade de 45 µ e dimensão de 7,5 × 2 cm. Em cada saco, foram inseridos 510 mg de matéria seca de amostra do alimento. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade dos nutrientes das forragens foram calculados considerando o resíduo obtido no saco. A digestibilidade dos nutrientes do amendoim, estilosantes e macrotiloma foram superiores à da demais forrageiras, com destaque para a digestibilidade da proteína bruta, cujos valores foram de 91,4; 94,9 e 97,0%, respectivamente. O amendoim e macrotiloma apresentaram digestibilidade da fibra em detergente neutro de 72,3 e 65,2% e da fibra em detergente ácido de 70,9 e 59,4%, respectivamente. O amendoim forrageiro, macrotiloma e estilosantes apresentam digestibilidade dos nutrientes satisfatória e têm potencial para o uso em dietas para eqüinos.

This work was carried out to evaluate the nutrient digestibility of forages using mobile bags technique in horses. The forages were lucerne (Medicago sativa), peanut (Arachis pintoi), desmodio (Desmodium ovalifolium), stylo (Stylosanthes guianensis), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), lime-yellow pea (Macrotyloma axillare) and coastcross (Cynodon dactylon cv. coastcross). A randomized block design was used with seven treatments (feeds) and five blocks (horses). Five crossbreed horses were used with age ranging from 17 to 27 years and average weight of 350 kg. The assay lasted 12 days, being three days for adaptation to barns, five days for nasogastric insertion of bags and four days for bags collection in feces. The diet of horses was composed of 80% of coastcross hay and 20% of commercial concentrate. During the pre-experimental period of 30 days, the horses were maintained in paddocks feeding the diet. Nylon cloth had 45µ pore size, and bags presented dimensions of 7,5 × 2 cm with 510 mg of DM of forage sample/bag. The nutrient digestibility of forages were calculated through residues inside the bags. The nutrient digestibility of peanut, stylo and lime-yellow pea were high than the other forages, mainly crude protein with values of 91.4, 94.9 and 97.0%, respectively. Fibrous fractions of peanut and lime-yellow pea presented digestibility values of NDF of 72.3 and 65, 2%, and ADF of 70.9 and 59.4%, respectively. Peanut, lime-yellow pea and stylo presented satisfactory nutrient digestibility and had potential to use in diets for horses.