Resumo O Cerrado é o segundo maior bioma brasileiro e vem sofrendo com os impactos negativos em sua área original. Tais impactos podem ser mensurados por meio de bioindicadores, dentre os quais, destacam-se as formigas. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo objetivou avaliar a diversidade de formigas associadas a duas áreas de diferentes fitofisionomias do bioma Cerrado e um plantio de eucalipto, em Monte Carmelo - MG (18º43’29” S e 47º29'55" O). Para a caracterização da mirmecofauna, foram utilizadas armadilhas de queda, instaladas a 10 m de distância entre si, no interior de três áreas distintas: Várzea e Cerradão (vegetação típica do bioma Cerrado) e um plantio de Eucalyptus sp. As coletas foram realizadas mensalmente, de janeiro a dezembro de 2018. Em cada coleta utilizaram-se oito armadilhas por área, totalizando 24 armadilhas. Após 48 horas de exposição, o material coletado nas armadilhas foi recolhido e levado ao laboratório para triagem e sequente identificação. No período do estudo, foi encontrada a maior abundância de formigas na área de Eucalipto (749), seguidas das áreas Várzea (291) e Cerradão (274). As áreas avaliadas possuem a mesma riqueza de espécies de formigas, sendo que foram encontradas 17 espécies de formigas em cada área, o que corroborou com a curva de rarefação que não identificou diferença significativa entre as áreas. A área de Cerradão apresentou maiores índices de diversidade e equitabilidade (H´ = 2,07 e J´ = 0,73). O diagrama de Venn indicou que as três áreas compartilharam 10 espécies de formigas entre si. Nesse aspecto, a área de Cerradão apresentou Azteca alfari, Linepithema neotropicum e Ectatomma opaciventre, como espécies exclusivas, enquanto as demais áreas apresentaram duas espécies cada. Os índices de diversidade, equitabilidade e composição da mirmecofauna encontrados, caracterizam a área de Cerradão como um ambiente ecologicamente mais equilibrado. original bioindicadores quais destacamse destacam se contexto eucalipto 18º4329 º 18º43 29 (18º43’29 47º2955 47º29 55 47º29'55 O. . O) queda 1 si distintas vegetação sp mensalmente 2018 utilizaramse utilizaram 2 4 exposição identificação 749, 749 , (749) 291 (291 274. 274 (274) H´ H (H 207 07 2,0 J 0,73. 073 0,73 0 73 0,73) aspecto alfari opaciventre exclusivas encontrados equilibrado 18º432 18º4 (18º43’2 47º295 47º2 5 47º29'5 201 74 (749 (29 27 (274 20 2, 0,7 7 18º (18º43’ 47º 47º29' (74 (2 (27 0, (18º43 (7 ( (18º4 (18º

Abstract The Cerrado biome is the second largest Brazilian biome, which has been suffering from the negative impacts on its original area. Such impacts can be measured by bioindicators such as ants. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the diversity of ants associated with two areas of different phytophysiognomies in the Cerrado biome and an eucalyptus plantations, in Monte Carmelo - MG (18º43'29” S and 47º29'55" O). For the characterization of the ant fauna, pitfall traps were installed 10 m apart, in three distinct areas: Várzea, Cerradão (typical vegetation of the Cerrado biome) and Eucalyptus sp. plantations. Collections were carried out monthly, from January to December 2018. Eight traps per area were used, totaling 24 traps on each collection date. After 48 hours of exposure, the material collected in the traps were gathered and taken to the laboratory for sorting and subsequent identification. In this period, the greatest abundance of ants was found in the Eucalyptus area (749), followed by Várzea (291) and Cerradão (274) areas. The evaluated areas have the same ant species richness, being that seventeen species of ants were found in each area, which corroborated the rarefaction curve that identified a significant difference between areas. Higher levels of diversity and equitability (H´ = 2.07 and J´ = 0.73) were shown in Cerradão area. The Venn diagram indicated that the three areas shared 10 species of ants. In this respect, the Cerradão area presented Azteca alfari, Linepithema neotropicum, and Ectatomma opaciventre as exclusive species, while the other areas presented two species each. The indexes of diversity, equitability, and composition of the ant fauna found, characterize the Cerradão area as an ecologically more balanced environment. Thus plantations 18º4329 º 18º43 29 (18º43'29 47º2955 47º29 55 47º29'55 O. O . O) 1 apart typical sp monthly 2018 used 2 date 4 exposure identification period 749, 749 , (749) 291 (291 274 (274 richness H´ H (H 207 07 2.0 J 0.73 073 0 73 respect alfari neotropicum environment 18º432 18º4 (18º43'2 47º295 47º2 5 47º29'5 201 74 (749 (29 27 (27 20 2. 0.7 7 18º (18º43' 47º 47º29' (74 (2 0. (18º43 (7 ( (18º4 (18º

Abstract In the larval stage, bruchines can cause several damages to the seeds of their host plants due to the consumption of the embryo. The aim of this study was to identify the species of seed-feeding insects in Senna corymbosa (Fabaceae) and quantify the damage caused to seeds. For this purpose, ripe fruits of S. corymbosa were collected monthly from May to August 2014. The fruits were stored in containers to obtain the adult insects and quantify the damage to the seeds. A total of 3,548 seed beetles emerged from the fruits, around 89% belonging to Sennius lateapicalis. Insects consume up to 43.2% of the internal seed content. Moreover, the seed beetles Hymenoptera parasitoids emerged. In this study, seed-feeding insects are recorded for the first time in S. corymbosa. In addition, it contributes to describing fruits and seeds, as well as associated bruchine species and the damage they cause to seeds.

ABSTRACT: World production of pecan Carya illinoinensis (Juglandaceae) is led by the United States. In Brazil, especially in the Rio Grande do Sul State, there has been an expansion of the planted area in recent years. Despite this expansion of pecan culture, there is a lack of research on entomofauna associated with pecan and on cultural practices which aids in Integrated Pest Management. This study aimed to evaluate the arthropod fauna in the canopies of C. illinoinensis trees grown under different soil management practices in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A randomized design was used with five blocks and four treatments: planting in small pits of 20 × 60 cm (Sp) using a subsoiler with a leveling grader/shank, planting in small pits (Ssp) using a rotary tiller (Tsp), and planting in large pits of 40 × 60 cm (Lp). A total of 7,617 specimens were collected from November 2014 to May 2015 from the young pecan canopies. Among the 150 taxonomic groups identified, Coleoptera was the most taxonomically rich order. The blackmargined aphid Monellia caryella (Hemiptera: Aphididae) had the greatest abundance. Hymenopteran parasitoids and Coccinellidae spp. were among the natural pest enemies detected. We conclude that the arthropod fauna found in the young pecan canopies is similarly diverse among the different soil managements, with a predominance of pest species M. caryella in all the evaluated areas.

RESUMO: A produção mundial de noz-pecã Carya illinoinensis (Juglandaceae) é liderada pelos Estados Unidos. No Brasil, em especial no Rio Grande do Sul, houve uma expansão da área plantada com a cultura nos últimos anos. No entanto, faltam pesquisas relacionadas à entomofauna associada à noz-pecã, bem como práticas culturais que auxiliem no Manejo Integrado de Pragas, mesmo havendo uma expansão da cultura. Assim, o presente estudo objetivou avaliar a fauna de artrópodes na copa de plantas de C. illinoinensis, submetido a diferentes manejos de solo, em Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Para tanto, utilizou-se delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com cinco blocos e quatro tratamentos: plantio em cova pequena, com 20 × 60 cm (Sp); utilização de subsolador mais grade niveladora e cova pequena (Ssp); utilização de enxada rotativa e cova pequena (Tsp); e plantio em cova grande, com 40 × 60 cm (Lp). De novembro de 2014 a maio de 2015, foram coletadas 7.617 espécimes nas copas de árvores jovens de nogueira-pecã. Foram identificados 150 grupos taxonômicos, sendo Coleoptera a ordem com maior riqueza de espécies. Monellia caryella (Hemiptera: Aphididae) apresentou elevada densidade. Foram registrados os inimigos naturais himenópteros parasitoides e Coccinellidae. Conclui-se que a artropodofauna em copas de plantas jovens de nogueira-pecã apresenta diversidade similar entre os tratamentos e predomínio de M. caryella nas áreas avaliadas.

ABSTRACT Forest species can have their seeds damaged by granivorous insects, especially by those in their larval stage. In this context, this study aims to report the occurrence of Amblycerus species in Cordia trichotoma seeds, to describe their main damage to seeds and effects on germination, as well as their associated hymenopteran parasitoids. Therefore, seven trees were selected in the municipality of Taquaruçu do Sul, RS, Brazil. Fruits were collected weekly from the medium third of the tree crown, from the beginning of their formation until total dehiscence. To examine the damage caused by granivorous insects within the fruits, 15 fruits from each tree were sectioned with a scalpel. Furthermore, 10 fruits from each tree were stored individually in clear plates to verify the occurrence and identification of granivorous insect species. Evidence of the damage caused to seeds was verified through the germination test by comparing preserved and damaged seeds, with four repetitions of 25 seeds each. The species Amblycerus longesuturalis and Amblycerus profaupar (Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) were found associated with fruits of C. trichotoma. Female insects predominantly laid eggs on the superior part between the marcescent calyx and the fruit, and larvae perforated the fruit tegument to start consuming seed embryos and reserves. Bruquine larvae are parasitized by Hymenoptera of Bracon, Mirax, Omeganastatus and Triapsis genera. In conclusion, the germination of C. trichotoma seeds is significantly affected by emergence orifices caused by granivorous species.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to evaluate the damage caused by Acromyrmex heyeri Forel, 1899 and Acromyrmex lobicornis Emery, 1887 to Pinus taeda L. seedlings during the first two months after replanting. The experiment was conducted in the company Bosques del Plata, located in the province of Corrientes, Argentina. The evaluations were carried out at seven, 14, 21, 36, 50 and 65 days after replanting the seedlings, when the number of dead, alive, non-attacked, alive deneedled, and alive deneedled with cuts/damage to the apical bud by leaf-cutting ants was quantified. The results allow us to conclude that A. heyeri and A. lobicornis are responsible for losses to the order of 20.8% of the seedlings in an initial P. taeda stand at 65 days. The damage caused to seedlings by the two leaf-cutting ant species is constant over time, in which A. lobicornis is more voracious than A. heyeri.

ABSTRACT This work aimed to characterize the composition of the soil macrofauna in non-mined and mined areas recovered with native vegetation, Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden and Acacia mearnsii De Wild. plantations, in a coal mine. Five areas were evaluated, namely, three non-mined areas and two mined and recovered areas. Six soil samples per area were collected using a 10x10 cm circular probe, every month during one year. Defragmentation of the soil and removal of specimens was carried out in a laboratory. A total of 3,195 specimens from 11 taxa were collected. The most abundant groups were Hymenoptera, Isoptera and Coleoptera. There were significant correlations (p<0.05) between the total abundance of Isoptera and Coleoptera with some meteorological variables. The recovery process of the mined areas with black-wattle and eucalyptus plantations proved to be efficient because there was similarity of macrofauna groups between the non-mined, mined and native vegetation areas.

RESUMO Neste trabalho são listadas as espécies de formigas de serrapilheira encontradas em quatro ambientes localizados na região noroeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, a fim de verificar o impacto da ação antrópica realizada no meio rural. Para a coleta das formigas da serrapilheira foi utilizado o método do extrator de Winkler. Foram coletados 6.300 espécimes pertencentes a oito subfamílias, 18 tribos, 31 gêneros e 108 espécies. A floresta nativa possui a maior riqueza observada com 90 espécies coletadas, seguida por eucalipto com 65 espécies, agricultura e pastagem exótica com 20 espécies cada. O índice de diversidade de Margalef foi de 11,21 para área com floresta nativa, 8,37 para eucalipto, 3,48 para agricultura e, 2,71 na área de pastagem exótica. O índice de diversidade de Shannon obtido foi de 2,89; 3,15; 2,43 e 1,98 e de equitabilidade 0,64; 0,75; 0,84 e 0,66 para as áreas com: floresta nativa, eucalipto, agricultura e pastagem, respectivamente. O maior valor do índice de diversidade para a área de eucalipto pode ser devido à área possuir 28 anos de implantação, sem ter sido manejada, com sub-bosque de espécies nativas, formando um dossel contínuo e espessa camada de serrapilheira, já a floresta nativa por sofrer intervenções antrópicas, possui um valor de diversidade de Shannon menor comparado à área com eucalipto.

ABSTRACT Litter ant species found in four sites located in northwestern Rio Grande do Sul state were listed in this study to verify the impact of human activities conducted in rural areas. The method used for the collection of litter ants was the Winkler extractor. There were collected 6,300 specimens belonging to eight subfamilies, 18 tribes, 31 genera and 108 species. Native forest presented the highest richness observed with 90 species collected, followed by 65 eucalyptus species, and agriculture and pasture with 20 exotic species each. Margalef's diversity index was 11.21 for area with native forest, 8.37 for eucalypt, 3.48 for agriculture, and 2.71 in exotic pasture area. The Shannon's diversity indices obtained were 2.89, 3.15, 2.43 and 1.98 and equitability indices of 0.64, 0.75, 0.84 and 0.66 for areas with native forest, eucalyptus, agriculture and exotic pasture, respectively. The highest diversity index for the eucalypt area may be due to the age of the forest (28 years) and the fact that it has not been managed as well as due to the presence of understory of native species, forming a continuous canopy and thick litter layer. On the other hand, since the native forest has suffered human interventions, it has a lower Shannon's diversity index compared to the eucalypt area.

O presente trabalho objetivou registrar a ocorrência de novas espécies de formigas para o estado do Rio Grande do Sul e, com isso, contribuir para o conhecimento sobre a mirmecofauna. As coletas foram realizadas em quatro ambientes (floresta nativa, plantio de eucalipto, plantio agrícola e pastagem exótica). Para a coleta das formigas, foi utilizado o método do extrator de mini-Winkler, cujo processo consistiu em retirar 1m² de serapilheira, peneirá-la e acondicioná-la em extratores de mini-Winkler para a obtenção da fauna. Foram coletadas 108 espécies, representantes de 31 gêneros, 18 tribos e oito subfamílias. Destas, a floresta nativa, apresentou 90 espécies coletadas, seguida pelo plantio de eucalipto, com 65 espécies, pelo plantio agrícola e pela pastagem exótica, com 20 espécies cada. Neste trabalho, é feito o primeiro registro de ocorrência de Dorymyrmex thoracicus (Dolichoderinae), Camponotus arboreus, Camponotus melanoticus (Formicinae), Apterostigma madidiense, Apterostigma sp. complexo pilosum, Cyphomyrmex major, Cyphomyrmex vorticis, Wasmannia rochai, Cephalotes pusillus, Strumigenys (Pyramica) rugithorax, Strumigenys cosmotela, Strumigenys silvestrii, Pheidole aper, Pheidole heyeri, Pheidole rugatula, Pheidole siggilata, Pheidole senilis, Pheidole sospes, Megalomyrmex pusillus (Myrmicinae) e Pachycondyla ferruginea (Ponerinae) para o Rio Grande do Sul.

This study aimed to report the registration of new ant species in Rio Grande do Sul state and thus to contribute to the knowledge about the ant fauna (Myrmecofauna). Collections were made in four different environments, namely, native forest, eucalyptus plantations, agricultural plantation and exotic pasture. We used the mini-Winkler method of extraction to collect the ants. We removed 1 square meter (1m²) of litter, sifted it and packed it in mini-Winkler extractors to obtain the fauna. We collected 108 species, which represent 31 genera, 18 tribes and 8 subfamilies. The native forest presented 90 collected species, the eucalyptus plantation presented 65 species, and the agricultural plantation and the exotic pasture presented 20 species each. We have registered for the first time the following species in the state of Rio Grande do Sul: Dorymyrmex thoracicus (Dolichoderinae), Camponotus arboreus, Camponotus melanoticus (Formicinae), Apterostigma madidiense, Apterostigma sp. pilosum complex, Cyphomyrmex major, Cyphomyrmex vorticis, Wasmannia rochai, Cephalotes pusillus, Strumigenys (Pyramica) rugithorax, Strumigenys cosmotela, Strumigenys silvestrii, Pheidole aper, Pheidole heyeri, Pheidole rugatula, Pheidole siggilata, Pheidole senilis, Pheidole sospes, Megalomyrmex pusillus (Myrmicinae), and Pachycondyla ferruginea (Ponerinae).