The effect of the increase in crystalline defects in the structure generated by high-pressure torsion (HPT) on the corrosion behavior of metallic materials is not well understood. This report evaluates the influence of HPT on the corrosion behavior of a solution treated Al-3wt% Mg-0.2wt% Sc alloy in a 3.5 wt./v.% NaCl solution. The electrochemical behavior of the alloy was evaluated using cyclic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Mott Schottky, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and chronoamperometry testing. The passive current density decreased after HPT processing, indicating a more protective oxide layer was formed on the surface of the HPT-processed alloy. Mott Schottky analysis confirmed the higher protection efficiency of the passive layer on the HPT-processed alloy. The film formed in the solution-treated alloy was a p-type and an n-type semiconductor while the alloy processed by HPT exhibited only an n-type semiconductor behavior. EIS showed that corrosion resistance in a saline medium increased with HPT processing.

High pressure torsion provides an opportunity to process materials with low formability such as magnesium at room temperature. The present work shows the microstructure evolution in commercially pure magnesium processed using a pressure of 6.0 GPa up to 10 turns of rotation. The microstructure evolution is evaluated using electron microscopy and the hardness is determined using dynamic hardness testing. The results show that the grain refinement mechanism in this material differs from materials with b.c.c. and f.c.c. structures. The mechanism of grain refinement observed at high temperatures also applies at room temperature. The hardness distribution is heterogeneous along the longitudinal section of the discs and is not affected by the amount of deformation imposed to the material.

High-pressure torsion was used to process grade 2 titanium to 10 turns using different pressures up to a maximum of 8 GPa. X ray diffraction showed that the as-received material and the material processed at pressures of 2 GPa and 4 GPa were single phase but the material processed at 8 GPa contained both the h.c.p. and the simple hexagonal ω-phase. Nanoindentation was used to determine the mechanical behavior and the results show a pronounced increase in hardness due both to the severe plastic deformation processing and to the phase transformation at the highest pressure. A maximum hardness of ~4.7 GPa was attained.

Esse estudo avalia a influência das condições de queima do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar (BCA) nas características físico-química das cinzas geradas. A queima foi realizada nas temperaturas de 400, 600 e 800ºC com e sem circulação de ar no forno. As cinzas obtidas após a queima foram caracterizadas de acordo com o grau de cristalinidade, morfologia, análise granulométrica, ensaios de perda ao fogo e de reatividade em solução saturada de hidróxido de cálcio. Foi observado que a queima com circulação de ar desfaz as fibras, consome o material orgânico e produz partículas finas a uma temperatura de 600ºC. O material não orgânico observado nas cinzas apresenta alto grau de cristalinidade. Ensaios em material lavado em laboratório sugerem que a estrutura cristalina observada nas cinzas é areia proveniente da contaminação do solo. A redução na condutividade em uma solução de hidróxido de cálcio e a difração de raios X sugerem que a sílica amorfa é formada em temperaturas inferiores a 600ºC e a cristobalita é formada em temperaturas mais elevadas.

The effect of calcination temperature and air flow on the content of organic material, morphology of particles, degree of crystallinity and the reactivity with lime solution of the sugar cane bagasse ash is evaluated. The results show that the long fibers of the bagasse and organic material are retained when calcination occurs without sufficient air flow. Calcining with forced air-flow breaks the fibers, removes organic material and produces fine particles at a temperature of 600ºC. The non-organic material observed in the ash displays a high degree of crystallinity. Experiments show that the crystalline structure observed in the ashes is due to adhered sand which was not previously washed away. The reduction on the conductivity in lime solution and X-rays diffraction pattern suggest that amorphous silica is formed at temperatures lower than 600ºC and cristobalite is formed at higher temperatures.

High-Pressure Torsion (HPT) has attracted significant attention in recent years as an effective technique to process ultrafine and nanostructured materials. The hydrostatic pressure developed during processing prevents the occurrence of cracks and the low thickness to diameter ratio provides the opportunity for developing high strains at low numbers of rotations. The present work analyses the plastic flow during HPT. Experimental results and computer modeling are used to describe heterogeneous plastic flow. It is shown that variations in structure, hardness and in the distribution of strain are observed along the disc thickness. The sources of these heterogeneities are discussed.

Magnesium alloys often exhibit cracking and segmentation after equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) at room temperature. With torsion shear deformation and a hydrostatic stress, high-pressure torsion (HPT) has an advantage over ECAP in the processing of hard-to-deform materials like magnesium alloys at room temperature. In this report, HPT was used on extruded AZ31 Mg alloy at temperatures of 296, 373 and 473 K for 1 and 5 turns. After HPT processing, the hcp crystal c-axis rotated from the disc (r,θ) plane towards the torsion axis. The angle between the c-axis and the torsion axis (Φ) has a relationship with the HPT processing temperature. It was found that the c-axis was 10º from the torsion axis at 296 and 373 K but 5º from the torsion axis at 473 K. The activity of the basal <a> slip and the twinning exert significant contributions to the deformation. Microstructural features such as the grain size and grain size distributions were examined and correlated with the mechanical properties through the microhardness values.